{"id":513,"date":"2025-12-17T03:33:14","date_gmt":"2025-12-16T19:33:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/43.154.128.27\/?p=513"},"modified":"2025-12-19T22:42:49","modified_gmt":"2025-12-19T14:42:49","slug":"%e3%80%8a%e6%80%a7%e5%88%ab%e4%b9%8b%e7%97%9b%e3%80%8b%e7%ac%ac%e4%b8%83%e7%ab%a0%ef%bc%9a%e6%9d%83%e5%88%a9%e5%86%b2%e7%aa%81-%e5%bd%93%e7%a4%be%e4%bc%9a%e6%80%a7%e5%88%ab%e8%a2%ab","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/43.154.128.27\/index.php\/2025\/12\/17\/%e3%80%8a%e6%80%a7%e5%88%ab%e4%b9%8b%e7%97%9b%e3%80%8b%e7%ac%ac%e4%b8%83%e7%ab%a0%ef%bc%9a%e6%9d%83%e5%88%a9%e5%86%b2%e7%aa%81-%e5%bd%93%e7%a4%be%e4%bc%9a%e6%80%a7%e5%88%ab%e8%a2%ab\/","title":{"rendered":"\u300a\u6027\u522b\u4e4b\u75db\u300b|\u7b2c\u4e03\u7ae0\uff1a\u6743\u5229\u51b2\u7a81\u2014\u2014\u5f53\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u88ab\u5199\u5165\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff081\/2\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div style=\"height:70px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u672c\u6587\u5171\u8ba1 10343 \u5b57\uff0c\u9884\u8ba1\u9700\u8981 28 \u5206\u949f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:70px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u6d3b\u52a8\u4eba\u58eb\u5728\u77ed\u65f6\u95f4\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u663e\u8457\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u5176\u8fd0\u52a8\u65e8\u5728\u5b9e\u73b0\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b(gender)\u300c\u6743\u5229\u300d\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5bf9\u300c\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u300d\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u6b63\u5f0f\u5199\u5165\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u7537\u6027\u8eab\u4f53\u7684\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u6d3b\u52a8\u4eba\u58eb\u739b\u62c9\u00b7\u51ef\u65af\u6797\u6240\u8bf4\uff0c\u300c\u4ece\u672a\u6709\u8fc7\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u573a\u793e\u4f1a\u6b63\u4e49\u8fd0\u52a8\u8fdb\u884c\u5f97\u5982\u6b64\u4e4b\u5feb\u2026\u2026\u4e8b\u60c5\u5728\u795e\u901f\u8fdb\u5c55\u300d(Keisling,2008:4)\u3002\u672c\u7ae0\u5c06\u8003\u5bdf\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u6743\u5229\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u53ca\u5176\u6210\u529f\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u672c\u7ae0\u65e0\u6cd5\u5728\u6b64\u8be6\u7ec6\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e0d\u540c\u56fd\u5bb6\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u60c5\u51b5\uff1b\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u672c\u7ae0\u65e8\u5728\u6279\u5224\u6027\u5ba1\u89c6\u300c\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u300d\u6743\u5229\u83b7\u5f97\u6cd5\u5f8b\u627f\u8ba4\u53ca\u5176\u5bf9\u5973\u6027\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u6d3b\u52a8\u4eba\u58eb\u7684\u8bc9\u6c42\u5728 1995 \u5e74\u4e8e\u7f8e\u56fd\u5236\u5b9a\u7684\u300a\u56fd\u9645\u8de8\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u6743\u5229\u5baa\u7ae0(International Bill of Transgender Rights)\u300b\u4e2d\u5f97\u4ee5\u9610\u8ff0(Frye,2001)\u3002\u8fd9\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\u5e76\u975e\u6e90\u81ea\u4efb\u4f55\u7acb\u6cd5\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0d\u5177\u6709\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6548\u529b\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u7fa4\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u6d3b\u52a8\u4eba\u58eb\u5728\u4e00\u6b21\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u613f\u671b\u6e05\u5355\uff0c\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u8fd9\u4efd\u6e05\u5355\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fc7\u4e8e\u79bb\u5947\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u7acb\u6cd5\u8005\u6ca1\u6709\u8ba4\u771f\u5bf9\u5f85\u3002\u4f46\u5982\u4eca\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u539f\u5219\u786e\u5b9e\u6784\u6210\u8bb8\u591a\u56fd\u5bb6\u5c06\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u6743\u5229\u7eb3\u5165\u56fd\u5185\u6cd5\u7684\u4f9d\u636e\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8fd9\u4efd\u5baa\u7ae0\u503c\u5f97\u4ed4\u7ec6\u5ba1\u89c6\u3002\u8be5\u5baa\u7ae0\u4e3b\u5f20\u4eba\u4eec\u6709\u6743\u6309\u7167\u5176\u5021\u5bfc\u8005\u671f\u671b\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u65b9\u5f0f\u8868\u8fbe\u5176\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u300c\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u8ba4\u540c\u300d\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u5728\u539f\u672c\u4e3a\u5973\u6027\u4fdd\u7559\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u4e13\u5c5e\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u884c\u4f7f\u8fd9\u9879\u6743\u5229\u3002\u4ece\u90a3\u65f6\u8d77\uff0c\u897f\u65b9\u5404\u56fd\u9646\u7eed\u4fee\u8ba2\u548c\u5236\u5b9a\u4e86\u5305\u542b\u300c\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u8ba4\u540c\u300d\u4e4b\u300c\u6743\u5229\u300d\u7684\u5e73\u7b49\u548c\u4eba\u6743\u7acb\u6cd5\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u2014\u2014\u7531\u89c4\u8303\u7537\u6027\u7edf\u6cbb\u4e0e\u5973\u6027\u4ece\u5c5e\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u884c\u4e3a\u89c4\u8303\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61\u6784\u6210\u2014\u2014\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u9879\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5973\u6027\u548c\u5973\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u56e2\u4f53\u672a\u88ab\u9080\u8bf7\u53c2\u4e0e\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4fee\u8ba2\u610f\u89c1\u7684\u5f81\u96c6\uff0c\u4eff\u4f5b\u5979\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u76f8\u5173\u610f\u89c1\u53ef\u8bf4\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7537\u6027\u80fd\u591f\u83b7\u5f97\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0a\u88ab\u627f\u8ba4\u4e3a\u300c\u5973\u6027\u300d\u7684\u6743\u5229\u3002\u5973\u6027\u662f\u300c\u7f3a\u5e2d\u7684\u53c2\u7167\u300d(Adams,1990)\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u300c\u5973\u6027\u300d\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u5e0c\u671b\u8868\u8fbe\u300c\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u6743\u5229\u300d\u7684\u7537\u6027\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5192\u5145\u7684\uff0c\u5973\u6027\u4e5f\u4ece\u672a\u88ab\u6b63\u5f0f\u63d0\u53ca\u3002\u5728\u6709\u5173\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u8ba4\u540c\u6743\u5229\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u8ff9\u8c61\u8868\u660e\u5973\u6027\u4f1a\u88ab\u7eb3\u5165\u5176\u4e2d\u6216\u4ece\u4e2d\u83b7\u76ca\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5728\u5973\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u65e5\u6e10\u6fc0\u70c8\u7684\u6311\u6218\u4e2d\uff0c\u6279\u8bc4\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u7c7b\u7acb\u6cd5\u7ed9\u5973\u6027\u5229\u76ca\u9020\u6210\u4e24\u4e2a\u72ec\u7279\u96be\u9898(Brennan and Hungerford,2011)\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u4f46\u6d88\u9664\u5973\u6027\u4e13\u5c5e\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u66f4\u63a8\u5e7f\u4e86\u957f\u671f\u4ee5\u6765\u88ab\u5973\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u7406\u8bba\u5bb6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u7537\u6027\u7edf\u6cbb\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u673a\u5236\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61(MacKinnon,1989; Jeffreys,2005)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u521b\u5efa\u300c\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u8ba4\u540c\u300d\u6743\u5229\u5236\u9020\u4e86\u4e00\u573a\u300c\u6743\u5229\u51b2\u7a81\u300d\uff0c\u5373\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u7fa4\u4f53\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u6743\u5229\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4e25\u91cd\u5a01\u80c1\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u6743\u5229(Sniderman <em>et al.<\/em>,1997)\u3002\u5728\u6743\u5229\u51b2\u7a81\u4e2d\u5fc5\u987b\u5c31\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u4f5c\u51fa\u88c1\u5b9a\uff1a\u8981\u6c42\u6743\u5229\u7684\u56e2\u4f53\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u56e0\u5176\u8981\u6c42\u635f\u5bb3\u53e6\u4e00\u56e2\u4f53\u7684\u6743\u5229\u800c\u5728\u4eba\u6743\u89c4\u8303\u6846\u67b6\u4e0b\u5f97\u5230\u8c03\u548c\u3002\u6743\u5229\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u540c\u6027\u5a5a\u59fb\u5021\u5bfc\u8005\u4e0e\u5b97\u6559\u6743\u5229\u63a8\u52a8\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u51b2\u7a81(Masci,2009)\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u51b2\u7a81\u5173\u4e4e\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u6743\u5229\u8981\u6c42\u5982\u679c\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u5c06\u9650\u5236\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7fa4\u4f53\u6240\u5bfb\u6c42\u7684\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u5728\u672c\u4f8b\u4e2d\u662f\u5a5a\u59fb\u548c\u300c\u5bb6\u5ead\u751f\u6d3b\u300d\u7684\u6743\u5229\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u4e89\u53d6\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u8ba4\u540c\u6743\u5229\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6311\u6218\u66f4\u68d8\u624b\u4e14\u4e0d\u540c\u5bfb\u5e38\u3002\u8be5\u6743\u5229\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u9700\u6c42\u8005\u6765\u81ea\u7537\u6027\u751f\u7406\u6027\u522b\u79cd\u59d3\uff0c\u5373\u652f\u914d\u79cd\u59d3\uff0c\u5176\u6210\u5458\u5e94\u5bf9\u4fb5\u72af\u5973\u6027\u751f\u5b58\u6743\u5229\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u8d1f\u8d23\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5973\u6027\u514d\u53d7\u66b4\u529b\u4fb5\u72af\u548c\u6b7b\u4ea1\u5a01\u80c1\u7684\u6743\u5229\u3001\u81ea\u7531\u6d3b\u52a8\u548c\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u514d\u53d7\u6b67\u89c6\u7684\u6743\u5229\u7b49(Romito,2008)\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6743\u5229\u4e3b\u5f20\u8005\u4e0d\u4ec5\u58f0\u79f0\u5728\u81ea\u8eab\u5904\u4e8e\u52a3\u52bf\uff0c\u66f4\u5ba3\u79f0\u4ed6\u4eec\u5b9e\u9645\u5728\u751f\u7406\u4e0a\u662f\u5973\u6027\u751f\u7406\u6027\u522b\u79cd\u59d3\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u5373\u5973\u6027\uff0c\u7537\u6027\u8eab\u4f53\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u80fd\u591f\u8fdb\u5165\u539f\u672c\u4e3a\u5973\u6027\u4e13\u8bbe\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5973\u5395\u6240\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7531\u613f\u671b\u6e05\u5355\u6784\u6210\u7684\u300a\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u6743\u5229\u5ba3\u8a00\u300b(1995)\u7531\u7f8e\u56fd\u7537\u6027\u8eab\u4f53\u7684\u4eba\u58eb\u8d77\u8349\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u65e2\u6ca1\u6709\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5973\u6027\u6210\u957f\uff0c\u66f4\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u5f53\u4f5c\u5973\u6027\u751f\u7406\u6027\u522b\u79cd\u59d3\u6210\u5458\u5bf9\u5f85\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4f20\u8bb0\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ea\u662f\u666e\u901a\u7684\u3001\u6709\u7537\u6027\u7279\u8d28\u7684\u7537\u4eba\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u6210\u5e74\u540e\u9009\u62e9\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u4e25\u8083\u6001\u5ea6\u5047\u626e\u5973\u6027\u7684\u7537\u6027\u3002\u636e\u5176\u7f51\u7ad9\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u4e54\u5b89\u00b7\u7f57\u4f2f\u8328\u57281990\u5e74\u300c\u64b0\u5199\u4e86\u300d\u6700\u521d\u7684\u300a\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u6743\u5229\u5ba3\u8a00(Bill of Gender Rights)\u300b\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u53d1\u5c55\u4e3a\u300a\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u6743\u5229\u5ba3\u8a00(International Bill of Gender Rights)\u300b\u3002\u7f57\u4f2f\u8328\u662f\u4e00\u540d\u5076\u5c14\u5047\u626e\u5973\u6027\u7684\u7537\u6027\u3002\u7f57\u4f2f\u8328\u5ba3\u79f0\u81ea\u5df1\u4e0d\u662f\u5973\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u540d\u5f02\u88c5\u8005:\u300c\u6211\u662f\u4e00\u540d\u5f02\u88c5\u8005\uff0c\u79bb\u8fc7\u5a5a\uff0c\u518d\u5a5a\u5e76\u80b2\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u6210\u5e74\u5b50\u5973\u300d(Roberts,2012)\uff0c\u4ed6\u8fd8\u4e3a\u5f02\u88c5\u8005\u4eec\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e00\u573a\u540d\u4e3a\u7f8e\u4e3d\u4e0e\u6c99\u6ee9\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u4ed6\u79f0\u4e3a\u300c\u5f02\u88c5\u8005\u4eec\u7684\u5468\u672b\u5ea6\u5047\u300d(ibid.)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53e6\u4e00\u4f4d\u5bf9\u6700\u7ec8\u6587\u4ef6\u521b\u5efa\u8d77\u5173\u952e\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u4eba\u7269\u662f\u83f2\u5229\u65af\u00b7\u5f17\u83b1\uff0c\u4ed6\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u66fe\u662f\u4e00\u540d\u8840\u6c14\u65b9\u521a\u3001\u6781\u5177\u7537\u5b50\u6c14\u6982\u7684\u7537\u6027\u975e\u5e38\u81ea\u8c6a\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u7bc7\u5173\u4e8e\u8be5\u5ba3\u8a00\u7684\u671f\u520a\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f17\u83b1\u8bd5\u56fe\u8bc1\u660e\u4ed6\u5728\u51b3\u5b9a\u5047\u626e\u5973\u6027\u524d\u66fe\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6781\u6210\u529f\u3001\u771f\u6b63\u6709\u7537\u5b50\u6c14\u6982\u7684\u7537\u4eba\u3002\u5982\u4ed6\u6240\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u300c\u52aa\u529b\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u7537\u4eba\u300d\u7684\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u4ed6\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u66fe\u662f\u6700\u9ad8\u7b49\u7ea7\u7684\u7ae5\u5b50\u519b\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e0e\u7956\u56fd\u5956\uff0c\u62c5\u4efb\u9ad8\u7ea7\u5de1\u903b\u961f\u957f\uff0c\u662f\u7bad\u4e4b\u5e8f\u5144\u5f1f\u4f1a\u7684\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u8fd8\u62c5\u4efb\u8fc7\u52a9\u7406\u7ae5\u5b50\u519b\u603b\u7ba1\u3002\u5728\u5723\u5b89\u4e1c\u5c3c\u5965\u7684\u6258\u9a6c\u65af\u00b7\u6770\u6590\u900a\u9ad8\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u52a0\u5165\u65e0\u4f34\u594f\u5408\u5531\u56e2\u3001\u5e74\u9274\u7f16\u8f91\u90e8\u3001\u53c2\u6f14\u6bd5\u4e1a\u8bdd\u5267\uff0c\u4e24\u6b21\u83b7\u5f97\u6b65\u67aa\u961f\u7684\u5956\u7ae0\uff0c\u66fe\u62c5\u4efb\u540e\u5907\u519b\u5b98\u8bad\u7ec3\u56e2(ROTC)\u6307\u6325\u5b98\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u662f\u540d\u5168A\u5b66\u751f\u3002\u5728\u5fb7\u514b\u8428\u65af\u519c\u5de5\u5927\u5b66\uff0c\u6211\u66fe\u52a0\u5165\u519b\u5b98\u8bad\u7ec3\u56e2\u3001\u6b4c\u5531\u56e2\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u56db\u9879\u5956\u5b66\u91d1\u548c\u4e00\u9879\u52a9\u5b66\u91d1\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u571f\u6728\u5de5\u7a0b\u7406\u5b66\u5b66\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u548c\u673a\u68b0\u5de5\u7a0b\u7406\u5b66\u7855\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6211\u8fd8\u662f\u4e00\u540d\u9000\u4f0d\u519b\u4eba\uff0c\u4e8e 1972 \u5e74\u4ee5\u7f8e\u56fd\u9646\u519b\u4e2d\u5c09\u8eab\u4efd\u5149\u8363\u9000\u5f79\u30021975 \u5e74\uff0c\u6211\u83b7\u5f97\u5fb7\u514b\u8428\u65af\u5dde\u4e13\u4e1a\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u6267\u7167\uff0c\u81f3\u4eca\u4ecd\u7136\u6301\u8bc1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\">\u2014\u2014Frye,2000;133<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5973\u6027\u4e0d\u592a\u53ef\u80fd\u62e5\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5c65\u5386\uff0c\u4f46\u5f17\u83b1\u5374\u8bf4\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u4e00\u540d\u5973\u6027\u3002\u4ed6\u89e3\u91ca\u9053\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u4ece\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6210\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u6e05\u695a\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u6211\u6210\u4e3a\u5973\u4eba\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u662f\u6211\u65e0\u6cd5\u80dc\u4efb\u7537\u6027\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u6211\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7537\u4eba\u975e\u5e38\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e0e\u6211\u5173\u4e8e\u81ea\u5df1\u771f\u5b9e\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u3001\u5185\u5fc3\u6df1\u5904\u4e0d\u53ef\u52a8\u6447\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u8ba4\u77e5\u4e0d\u7b26\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\">\u2014\u2014ibid.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4ed6\u73b0\u5728\u662f\u540d\u5f8b\u5e08\uff0c\u300c\u548c\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5973\u4eba\u5408\u6cd5\u7ed3\u5a5a\u4e86\u4e8c\u5341\u516b\u5e74\u300d\uff0c\u5e76\u300c\u5728\u524d\u4e00\u6bb5\u5a5a\u59fb\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5df2\u6210\u5e74\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u300d(ibid.)\u30021992\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u521b\u529e\u4e86\u56fd\u9645\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0e\u5c31\u4e1a\u653f\u7b56\u5927\u4f1a(ICTLEP)\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u8be5\u5927\u4f1a\u4e0a\u8d77\u8349\u4e86\u300a\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u6743\u5229\u5ba3\u8a00\u300b\u3002\u4ed6\u4e8e 1995 \u5e74\u83b7\u5f97\u5168\u56fd\u540c\u6027\u604b\u6743\u5229\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ec4\u9881\u53d1\u7684\u300c\u53d8\u9769\u521b\u9020\u8005\u300d\u5956\uff0c\u4e8e 1999 \u5e74\u83b7\u5f97\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u6559\u80b2\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u9881\u53d1\u7684\u3001\u4ee5\u8457\u540d\u5f02\u88c5\u8005\u5f17\u5409\u5c3c\u4e9a\u00b7\u666e\u6797\u65af\u547d\u540d\u7684\u5f17\u5409\u5c3c\u4e9a\u00b7\u666e\u6797\u65af\u7ec8\u8eab\u8d21\u732e\u5956\u3002\u90a3\u4e9b\u5ba3\u626c\u5176\u300c\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u8ba4\u540c\u300d\u6743\u5229\u7684\u7537\u6027\u7ecf\u5e38\u4ece\u65e0\u53ef\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\u7537\u6027\u7acb\u573a\u6765\u5e7b\u60f3\u5973\u6027\u8eab\u4efd\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5ba3\u626c\u519b\u65c5\u82f1\u96c4\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u804c\u4e1a\u751f\u6daf(Tur,2013)\u3002\u5f17\u83b1\u7684\u81ea\u8ff0\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u7537\u6027\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u7684\u6b32\u671b\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u4fdd\u5b88\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u6781\u7aef\u7537\u6027\u5316\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5171\u540c\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u4e0e\u5973\u6027\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u5171\u540c\u4e4b\u5904\u3002\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u300c\u6743\u5229\u300d\u6b63\u662f\u6839\u690d\u4e8e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4fdd\u5b88\u6839\u6e90\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u4efb\u4f55\u8fdb\u6b65\u6027\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7f57\u4f2f\u8328\u548c\u5f17\u83b1\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u5f81\u6c42\u5973\u6027\u610f\u89c1\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u2014\u2014\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7537\u6027\u8bd5\u56fe\u6a21\u4eff\u7684\u6b63\u662f\u5973\u6027\u523b\u677f\u5f62\u8c61\u2014\u2014\u70ae\u5236\u4e86\u8fd9\u4efd\u5b8f\u4f1f\u547d\u540d\u76841995\u300a\u56fd\u9645\u6027\u522b\u6743\u5229\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\u3002\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u300c\u6743\u5229\u300d\u7684\u5ba1\u89c6\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u548c\u5973\u6027\u5b9e\u9645\u7ecf\u9a8c\u76f8\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u8be5\u5ba3\u8a00\u5ba3\u544a\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u9879\u6743\u5229\u662f\uff1a\u300c\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u7c7b\u90fd\u6709\u6743\u5b9a\u4e49\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u8ba4\u540c\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u5176\u67d3\u8272\u4f53\u751f\u7406\u6027\u522b\u3001\u751f\u6b96\u5668\u3001\u51fa\u751f\u65f6\u88ab\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u751f\u7406\u6027\u522b\u6216\u521d\u59cb\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u89d2\u8272\u5982\u4f55\u300d(Frye,2000:212)\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5973\u6027\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u300c\u5b9a\u4e49\u300d\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u300c\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u8ba4\u540c\u300d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u300c\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u8ba4\u540c\u300d\u548c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u540d\u5973\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u751a\u5fae\u3002\u5973\u6027\u906d\u53d7\u6b67\u89c6\u5e76\u975e\u56e0\u4e3a\u5979\u4eec\u7684\u300c\u8ba4\u540c\u300d\uff0c\u6216\u56e0\u5f17\u83b1\u53e3\u4e2d\u7684\u300c\u4e0d\u53ef\u52a8\u6447\u7684\u5185\u5728\u81ea\u6211\u8ba4\u77e5\u300d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5979\u4eec\u662f\u751f\u7406\u5973\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8be5\u5ba3\u8a00\u5ba3\u544a\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u9879\u6743\u5229\u662f\uff1a\u300c\u81ea\u7531\u8868\u8fbe\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u8ba4\u540c\u7684\u6743\u5229\u300d(ibid.)\u3002\u8fd9\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6307\u7684\u662f\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7537\u6027\u8d77\u8349\u8005\u6709\u6743\u7a7f\u6234\u901a\u5e38\u5206\u914d\u7ed9\u5973\u6027\u7684\u670d\u9970\u7684\u6743\u5229\u3002\u5bf9\u5973\u6027\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u523b\u677f\u7684\u5973\u6027\u670d\u9970\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u88ab\u793e\u4f1a\u6587\u5316\u671f\u671b\u3001\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u8857\u5934\u9a9a\u6270\u3001\u6027\u4ea7\u4e1a\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u4ee5\u53ca\u5de5\u4f5c\u573a\u6240\u548c\u5b66\u6821\u8981\u6c42\u5f3a\u5236\u7684(Jeffreys,2005)\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7537\u6027\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u9879\u6743\u5229\u662f\uff1a\u300c\u8fdb\u5165\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u5316\u7a7a\u95f4\u548c\u53c2\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u5316\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u6743\u5229\u300d(Frye,2000:213)\u3002\u5973\u6027\u4e13\u5c5e\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u8bbe\u7acb\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u57fa\u4e8e\u5973\u6027\u9700\u8981\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u7537\u6027\u5728\u573a\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u5f97\u5230\u5b89\u5168\u4fdd\u969c\uff1b\u8981\u4e48\u57fa\u4e8e\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4ece\u5c5e\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u5973\u6027\u9700\u8981\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u652f\u914d\u7fa4\u4f53\u6210\u5458\u5728\u573a\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u805a\u4f1a\u548c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u76f4\u5230\u6700\u8fd1\uff0c\u673a\u4f1a\u5747\u7b49\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u52aa\u529b\u9002\u5e94\u8fd9\u79cd\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u89c4\u5b9a\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5973\u6027\u786e\u5b9e\u53ef\u4ee5\u62d2\u7edd\u7537\u6027\u4f7f\u7528\u5973\u6027\u4e13\u5c5e\u670d\u52a1\u548c\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u5728\u6743\u5229\u5baa\u7ae0\u548c\u5173\u4e8e\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u5973\u6027\u7ecf\u5e38\u88ab\u8d4b\u4e88\u8c41\u514d\u6743\uff0c\u5373\u4e0d\u5fc5\u9075\u5b88\u4e0d\u6b67\u89c6\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u7406\u7531\u662f\u5973\u6027\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5f31\u52bf\u7fa4\u4f53\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4eba\u53e3\u5360\u591a\u6570\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u4ee5\u5973\u6027\u4e13\u5c5e\u5c0f\u7ec4\u5f62\u5f0f\u805a\u4f1a\u5e76\u9700\u8981\u8bf8\u5982\u5973\u6027\u4e13\u7528\u5395\u6240\u7b49\u7a7a\u95f4(Victorian Equal Opportunity and Human Rights Commission,n.d.)\u3002\u8fd9\u8868\u8fbe\u4e86\u5bf9\u5973\u6027\u4f5c\u4e3a\u9700\u8981\u7279\u6b8a\u5bf9\u5f85\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u8ba4\u53ef\u3002\u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7537\u6027\u8eab\u4f53\u7684\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8005\u548c\u7537\u6027\u5f02\u88c5\u8005\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u53ea\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u58f0\u79f0\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u300c\u5973\u6027\u300d\u800c\u975e\u7537\u6027\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u63a8\u7ffb\u8fd9\u4e00\u516c\u8ba4\u7684\u3001\u7528\u4e8e\u4fdd\u62a4\u5973\u6027\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u8c41\u514d\u6743\u3002\u5ba3\u8a00\u4e2d\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u300c\u6743\u5229\u300d\u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\u300c\u901a\u8fc7\u6574\u5f62\u3001\u5316\u5b66\u6216\u624b\u672f\u300d\u65b9\u5f0f\u300c\u63a7\u5236\u548c\u6539\u53d8\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u300d\u7684\u300c\u6743\u5229\u300d\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u83b7\u5f97\u533b\u7597\u6cbb\u7597\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u6743\u5229\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u4ece\u672a\u5c06\u6574\u5bb9\u624b\u672f\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u5973\u6027\u7684\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5c06\u5176\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\u3001\u6839\u690d\u4e8e\u5973\u6027\u4ece\u5c5e\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u73b0\u8c61(Haiken,1997; Sullivan,Deborah A,2001)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:70px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7.1\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\u4e2d\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u6743\u5229<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u300a\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u6743\u5229\u5ba3\u8a00\u300b\u5e76\u672a\u7acb\u5373\u8ba9\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u6e38\u8bf4\u8005\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\u9886\u57df\u53d6\u5f97\u4efb\u4f55\u5b9e\u8d28\u6027\u8fdb\u5c55\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u6240\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u548c\u6982\u5ff5\u5728\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u4e2d\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u5730\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u63a8\u52a8\u897f\u65b9\u56fd\u5bb6\u4fee\u8ba2\u56fd\u5185\u6cd5\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e2d\u3002\u5728\u8f6c\u5411\u300c\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u300d\u524d\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u88ab\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u300c\u53d8\u6027\u8005\u300d\u6743\u5229\u7684\u56fd\u5185\u6cd5\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662f\u751f\u7406\u6027\u522b(sex)\u800c\u975e\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b(gender)\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u5e76\u8981\u6c42\u5e0c\u671b\u6539\u53d8\u6cd5\u5b9a\u751f\u7406\u6027\u522b\u7684\u4eba\u5fc5\u987b\u5148\u63a5\u53d7\u624b\u672f\u4f7f\u5176\u4e0d\u80b2\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u624d\u80fd\u66f4\u6539\u51fa\u751f\u8bc1\u660e\u7b49\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0a\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u5728\u4e8c\u5341\u4e00\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u300c\u53d8\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49\u300d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5f00\u59cb\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6709\u5c40\u9650\u6027\uff0c\u8f6c\u5411\u4f7f\u7528\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\uff0c\u300c\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u6743\u5229\u300d\u88ab\u7eb3\u5165\u5173\u4e8e\u8eab\u4efd\u53d8\u66f4\u7acb\u6cd5\u548c\u53cd\u6b67\u89c6\u6cd5\u89c4\u4e2d\uff0c\u8986\u76d6\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4e14\u6a21\u7cca\u7684\u4eba\u7fa4\u8303\u56f4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e0b\u4e00\u4efd\u58f0\u79f0\u5177\u6709\u56fd\u9645\u6027\u3001\u4e14\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u8ba4\u540c\u6743\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6587\u4ef6\u51fa\u73b0\u5f97\u8f83\u665a\uff0c\u5373\u300a\u65e5\u60f9\u539f\u5219(Yogyakarta Principles)\u300b\u3002\u8be5\u539f\u5219\u8d77\u6e90\u4e8e 2006 \u5e74\u5728\u5370\u5ea6\u5c3c\u897f\u4e9a\u4e3e\u529e\u7684\u4e00\u573a\u300c\u7531\u4e8c\u5341\u4e5d\u540d\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\u4e13\u5bb6\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u56e2\u4f53\u300d\u4f1a\u8bae\uff0c\u5e76\u4e8e2007 \u5e74\u6b63\u5f0f\u786e\u5b9a(Ettelbrick,Zeran,2010:30)\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u672a\u88ab\u7eb3\u5165\u4efb\u4f55\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u516c\u7ea6\u6216\u5ba3\u8a00\uff0c\u4f46\u65e5\u60f9\u539f\u5219\u7684\u5021\u5bfc\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8be5\u539f\u5219\u5728\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u5185\u90e8\u7ecf\u5e38\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53c2\u8003\u63f4\u5f15\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u4ea7\u751f\u6df1\u8fdc\u5f71\u54cd (ibid.)\u3002\u8be5\u539f\u5219\u6db5\u76d6\u4e86\u6027\u53d6\u5411\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u8ba4\u540c\u3002\u5728\u6027\u53d6\u5411\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u300a\u65e5\u60f9\u539f\u5219\u300b\u5bf9\u90a3\u4e9b\u5bfb\u6c42\u6311\u6218\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u56fd\u5bb6\u4ecd\u5bf9\u540c\u6027\u604b\u8005\u5b9e\u65bd\u4e25\u5389\u60e9\u7f5a\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u4eba\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u8be5\u539f\u5219\u4e3a\u8981\u6c42\u7981\u6b62\u5973\u540c\u6027\u604b\u8005\u548c\u7537\u540c\u6027\u604b\u8005\u6240\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u6b67\u89c6\u548c\u66b4\u529b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4f9d\u636e\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u540c\u6027\u604b\u4e0d\u8fdd\u6cd5\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u300a\u65e5\u60f9\u539f\u5219\u300b\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u300c\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u8ba4\u540c\u300d\u6743\u5229\u9644\u52a0\u5728\u4ee5\u6027\u53d6\u5411\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u6743\u5229\u4e4b\u4e0a\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ed3\u5408\u4ee4\u4eba\u8d39\u89e3\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u4e0a\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u6027\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u6050\u540c\u75c7\u6070\u6070\u662f\u6784\u5efa\u300c\u53d8\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49\u300d\u548c\u300c\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u8ba4\u540c\u969c\u788d\u300d\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5b58\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u4f46\u4e89\u53d6\u5c06\u300c\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u6743\u5229\u300d\u7eb3\u5165\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u5973\u540c\u6027\u604b\u548c\u7537\u540c\u6027\u604b\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u56fd\u9645\u5973\u540c\u6027\u604b\u548c\u7537\u540c\u6027\u604b\u534f\u4f1a\u3001\u7f8e\u56fd\u5973\u540c\u6027\u604b\u6743\u5229\u4e2d\u5fc3(NCLR)\uff0c\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u7537\u5973\u540c\u6027\u604b\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ec4\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u5973\u540c\u6027\u604b\u6743\u5229\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u300cNCLR\u81ea\u8c6a\u5730\u6210\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u542f\u52a8\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u6cd5\u5f8b\u9879\u76ee\u7684 LGBT \u6cd5\u5f8b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u300d\uff0c\u8be5\u9879\u76ee\u540e\u6765\u6f14\u53d8\u4e3a\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e2d\u5fc3(NCLR,n.d.)\u3002\u8003\u8651\u5230\u8fdb\u884c\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u7684\u5973\u540c\u6027\u604b\u8005\u4f1a\u6d88\u89e3\u5979\u4eec\u7684\u5973\u540c\u6027\u604b\u8eab\u4efd\uff0c\u800c\u5f88\u5c11\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u7ec4\u7ec7\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u6d88\u706d\u5176\u6240\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u793e\u7fa4\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6240\u8c13\u5973\u540c\u6027\u604b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u63a8\u52a8\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u4ee4\u4eba\u60ca\u8bb6(Jeffreys,2003)\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u5973\u540c\u6027\u604b\u548c\u7537\u540c\u6027\u604b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u2014\u2014\u56fd\u5bb6\u7537\u5973\u540c\u6027\u604b\u5de5\u4f5c\u961f(NGLTF)\u2014\u2014\u540c\u6837\u5f3a\u8c03\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u6743\u5229\u5bf9\u5176\u6838\u5fc3\u4e1a\u52a1\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff1a\u300c\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8005\u548c\u76f8\u5173\u8bae\u9898\u662f\u5de5\u4f5c\u961f\u6838\u5fc3\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u4ece1997\u5e74\u8d77\u4fbf\u6210\u4e3a\u6700\u65e9\u5c06\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u4eba\u7fa4\u7eb3\u5165\u4f7f\u547d\u7684\u5168\u56fd\u6027 LGBT \u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e4b\u4e00\u611f\u5230\u81ea\u8c6a\u300d(NGLTF,n.d.)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u6d3b\u52a8\u4eba\u58eb\u52aa\u529b\u786e\u4fdd\u80fd\u591f\u83b7\u5f97\u5973\u540c\u6027\u604b\u548c\u7537\u540c\u6027\u604b\u56e2\u4f53\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5ba3\u79f0\u540c\u6027\u604b\u672c\u8eab\u4e5f\u662f\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u83f2\u5229\u65af\u00b7\u5f17\u83b1\u89e3\u91ca\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728 1997 \u5e74\u5728\u5723\u5730\u4e9a\u54e5\u7531 NGLTF \u8d5e\u52a9\u7684\u300c\u7b2c\u5341\u5c4a\u5e74\u5ea6\u521b\u9020\u53d8\u9769\u5927\u4f1a\u300d\u4e0a\u4e0e\u8d3e\u7c73\u68ee\u00b7\u683c\u6797\u548c\u9999\u519c\u00b7\u660e\u7279\u4e00\u540c\u4e3e\u529e\u4e86\u4e00\u573a\u7814\u8ba8\u4f1a\uff0c\u5e76\u629b\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u300c\u6027\u53d6\u5411\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u8ba4\u540c\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u96c6\u5417\uff1f\u300d(Frye,2000)\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u300c\u5973\u540c\u6027\u604b\u8005\u3001\u7537\u540c\u6027\u604b\u8005\u548c\u53cc\u6027\u604b\u8005\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u8303\u56f4\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u8ba4\u540c\u793e\u7fa4\u7684\u5b50\u96c6\u548c\u6210\u5458\u300d (Frye,2000:154\u2013155)\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c2\u70b9\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u4e00\u4efd\u5173\u4e8e\u300c\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8005\u300d\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u4e2d\u91cd\u7533\uff1a\u300c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f3a\u6709\u529b\u7684\u8bba\u70b9\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u6050\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u6050\u8de8\u72af\u7f6a\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u516c\u5171\u573a\u5408\u5f15\u8d77\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u8868\u8fbe\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u5bf9\u5176\u6027\u53d6\u5411\u7684\u4e8b\u5148\u4e86\u89e3\u300d(Whittle <em>et al,<\/em>2007:55)\u3002\u8fd9\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u4fe1\u6761\uff0c\u610f\u5728\u8bf4\u670d\u5973\u540c\u6027\u604b\u548c\u7537\u540c\u6027\u604b\u56e2\u4f53\u4ece\u4e2d\u770b\u5230\u5171\u540c\u5229\u76ca\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u300a\u65e5\u60f9\u539f\u5219\u300b\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e25\u91cd\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u8d2f\u7a7f\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u3001\u4ee4\u4eba\u56f0\u6270\u7684\u300c\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u300d\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5176\u5bf9\u300c\u6027\u53d6\u5411\u300d\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u6b63\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u6b64\uff1a\u300c\u6027\u53d6\u5411\u88ab\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u6307\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u3001\u76f8\u540c\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u6216\u4e0d\u6b62\u4e00\u79cd\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u4ea7\u751f\u6df1\u5c42\u60c5\u611f\u3001\u7231\u6155\u548c\u6027\u5438\u5f15\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0e\u4e4b\u5efa\u7acb\u4eb2\u5bc6\u548c\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u300d(International Panel of Experts,2007:note 1)\u3002\u90a3\u4e9b\u62d2\u7edd\u89d2\u8272\u626e\u6f14\u7684\u5973\u540c\u6027\u604b\u8005\u548c\u7537\u540c\u6027\u604b\u8005\u4f1a\u5bf9\u8fd9\u79cd\u5047\u8bbe\u611f\u5230\u56f0\u60d1\uff0c\u5373\u540c\u6027\u604b\u8005\u662f\u56e0\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u300c\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u300d\u800c\u975e\u76f8\u540c\u751f\u7406\u6027\u522b\u88ab\u5438\u5f15\u7684\u3002\u90e8\u5206\u540c\u6027\u604b\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u62d2\u7edd\u81ea\u5df1\u5177\u5907\u300c\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u300d\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u786e\u5b9e\u4f1a\u62c5\u5fc3\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u81ea\u5df1\u4f1a\u88ab\u5047\u5b9a\u300c\u56e0\u884c\u4e3a\u4e3e\u6b62\u6709\u7537\u6027\u7279\u8d28\u6216\u5973\u6027\u7279\u8d28\u800c\u88ab\u67d0\u4eba\u5438\u5f15\u300d\u3002\u4ee4\u4eba\u62c5\u5fe7\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7537\u5973\u540c\u6027\u604b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u90fd\u4e3a\u4e89\u53d6\u300c\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u300d\u6743\u5229\u5954\u8d70\u547c\u53f7\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6df1\u5ea6\u8ba4\u77e5\u6df7\u4e71\u7adf\u662f\u8fd9\u573a\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u300a\u65e5\u60f9\u539f\u5219\u300b\u4e2d\u5bf9\u300c\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u8ba4\u540c\u300d\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u5bbd\u6cdb\u4e14\u6a21\u7cca\uff0c\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u9177\u513f\u548c\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u672c\u8d28\u4e3b\u4e49\u89c2\u5ff5\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u6df1\u5c42\u5185\u5728\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u4f53\u9a8c\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u5bf9\u81ea\u8eab\u8eab\u4f53\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u611f\u53d7\uff0c(\u5982\u679c\u81ea\u7531\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u6d89\u53ca\u901a\u8fc7\u533b\u7597\u3001\u624b\u672f\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u624b\u6bb5\u6539\u53d8\u8eab\u4f53\u5916\u89c2\u6216\u529f\u80fd)\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u8868\u73b0\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u670d\u88c5\u3001\u8a00\u8bed\u548c\u4e3e\u6b62\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0e\u51fa\u751f\u65f6\u88ab\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u751f\u7406\u6027\u522b\u76f8\u7b26\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u7b26\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\">\u2014\u2014International Panel of Experts,2007:6<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u539f\u5219\u4e2d\uff0c\u300c\u751f\u7406\u6027\u522b\u300d\u8fd9\u4e00\u8303\u7574\u88ab\u5b8c\u5168\u7701\u7565\uff0c\u53d6\u800c\u4ee3\u4e4b\u7684\u662f\u300c\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u300d\u3002\u539f\u5219\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u300c\u4e16\u754c\u6240\u6709\u5730\u533a\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u56e0\u5176\u6027\u53d6\u5411\u6216\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u8ba4\u540c\u906d\u53d7\u66b4\u529b\u3001\u9a9a\u6270\u3001\u6b67\u89c6\u3001\u6392\u65a5\u548c\u6c61\u540d\u5316\u300d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u300c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ecf\u5386\u4f1a\u56e0\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u3001\u79cd\u65cf\u3001\u5e74\u9f84\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u3001\u6b8b\u75be\u3001\u5065\u5eb7\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u72b6\u51b5\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\u52a0\u5267\u300d\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u6bb5\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e2d\uff0c\u751f\u7406\u6027\u522b\u5b8c\u5168\u6ca1\u6709\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u5973\u6027\u88ab\u6392\u9664\u5728\u5916\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u9488\u5bf9\u5973\u6027\u7684\u6b67\u89c6\u4ece\u5b50\u5bab\u5185\u5c31\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\uff0c\u548c\u300c\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u300d\u65e0\u5173\u3002\u6839\u636e\u5973\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u5efa\u6784\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u662f\u5973\u6027\u4f5c\u4e3a\u751f\u7406\u6027\u522b\u79cd\u59d3\u88ab\u538b\u8feb\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u548c\u8868\u73b0\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5176\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u8ba4\u540c\u300d\u6b63\u9010\u6e10\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u4e00\u573a\u53ef\u6d41\u52a8\u7684\u76db\u5bb4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e8b\u5b9e\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6cd5\u5f8b\u539f\u5219\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u5e26\u6765\u56f0\u96be\u30022007\u5e74\u4e00\u9879\u9488\u5bf9\u82f1\u56fd\u8ba4\u540c\u4e3a\u300c\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u300d\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u627f\u8ba4\uff0c\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0d\u6784\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u660e\u786e\u7684\u8303\u7574\uff0c\u8be5\u7814\u7a76\u6307\u51fa\u300c\u4eba\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5f02\u88c5\u8005\u3001\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8005\u548c\u53d8\u6027\u8005\u662f\u79bb\u6563\u7684\u8303\u7574\u3002\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8005\u62e5\u6709\u590d\u6742\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u8ba4\u540c\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u63a8\u79fb\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7ecf\u5e38\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u7c7b\u522b\u8f6c\u5411\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u300d(Whittle <em>et al<\/em>,2007:14)\u3002\u8be5\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u8c03\u67e5\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c44% \u7684\u53d7\u8bbf\u8005\u5e76\u672a\u6c38\u4e45\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u5176\u300c\u504f\u597d\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u300d\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f46\u300c\u6253\u7b97\u5728\u5c06\u6765\u8fd9\u4e48\u505a\u300d\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u300c\u5bf9\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4ea7\u751f\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u73b0\u884c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4ec5\u4e3a\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u53d8\u6027\u8005\u7684\u4eba\u7fa4\u63d0\u4f9b\u90e8\u5206\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4fdd\u62a4\u300d(ibid.)\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u7ed9\u7acb\u6cd5\u8005\u5e26\u6765\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6309\u7167\u300c\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u8ba4\u540c\u300d\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5b83\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5728\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0a\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u300c\u5973\u6027\u300d\u7684\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u5076\u5c14\u6216\u53ea\u5728\u5468\u672b\u5047\u626e\u5973\u6027\u7684\u7537\u6027\u6240\u884c\u4f7f\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5973\u6027\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5979\u4eec\u7684\u751f\u7406\u6027\u522b\u79cd\u59d3\u5730\u4f4d\u5219\u662f\u5168\u5929\u5019\u4e14\u7ec8\u751f\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5c3d\u7ba1\u300a\u65e5\u60f9\u539f\u5219\u300b\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u6027\u548c\u4ee4\u4eba\u56f0\u60d1\u672c\u8d28\uff0c\u5b83\u4ecd\u7136\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u4eba\u6743\u9886\u57df\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u91cd\u8981\u53d1\u5c55(Ettelbrick,Zeran,2010;O\u2019Flaherty,Fisher,2008)\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5b83\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\u4e0a\u4e0d\u5177\u7ea6\u675f\u529b\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u300c\u5bf9\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u89e3\u91ca\u300d(Ettelbrick and Zeran,2010:11)\u5e76\u300c\u5c06\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u56f4\u7ed5\u6027\u53d6\u5411\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u8ba4\u540c\u7684\u4eba\u6743\u8ba8\u8bba\u548c\u884c\u52a8\u63a8\u5411\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u300d\uff0c\u8be5\u539f\u5219\u4e3a\u300c\u6570\u767e\u4efd\u5b66\u672f\u8bba\u6587\u3001\u6cd5\u6848\u3001\u51b3\u8bae\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u6587\u4ef6\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u666e\u904d\u6027\u5b9a\u4e49\u70b9\u300d(Ettelbrick,Zeran,2010:13)\u3002\u4eba\u6743\u89c2\u5bdf\u7ec4\u7ec7\u79f0\u5176\u4e3a\u300c\u4e00\u5957\u5173\u4e8e\u6027\u53d6\u5411\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u8ba4\u540c\u548c\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\u7684\u5f00\u521b\u6027\u539f\u5219\u2026\u2026\u662f\u4e89\u53d6\u57fa\u672c\u4eba\u6743\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u5e73\u7b49\u6597\u4e89\u7684\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891\u5f0f\u8fdb\u5c55\u300d(Human Rights Watch,2007)\u3002\u9057\u61be\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u300c\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u5e73\u7b49\u300d\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u300c\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u300d\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7b49\u7ea7\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f46\u4eba\u6743\u89c2\u5bdf\u5047\u8bbe\u300a\u65e5\u60f9\u539f\u5219\u300b\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u8ba9\u5973\u6027\u53d7\u76ca\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u8bed\u8a00\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u4eba\u6743\u754c\u9020\u6210\u7684\u4e25\u91cd\u6df7\u4e71\u3002\u5c06\u300c\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u300d\u6743\u5229\u9644\u52a0\u5230\u5973\u540c\u6027\u604b\u548c\u7537\u540c\u6027\u604b\u6743\u5229\u4e4b\u4e0a\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u540e\u679c\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5973\u540c\u6027\u604b\u548c\u7537\u540c\u6027\u604b\u6743\u5229\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u8fdb\u5c55\u4e5f\u5c06\u540c\u65f6\u52a0\u6df1\u300c\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u6743\u5229\u300d\u7406\u5ff5\u7ed9\u5973\u6027\u6743\u5229\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u6700\u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6beb\u65e0\u7591\u95ee\uff0c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u5973\u540c\u6027\u604b\u548c\u7537\u540c\u6027\u604b\u7684\u6743\u5229\u5177\u6709\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5173\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u539f\u5219\u5bf9\u51b3\u7b56\u8005\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728 2011 \u5e74\u6b27\u6d32\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u53f8\u6cd5\u603b\u53f8\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u4f8b\u8bc1\u3002\u8be5\u62a5\u544a\u660e\u786e\u9610\u8ff0\u4e86\u6d88\u9664\u57fa\u4e8e\u300c\u751f\u7406\u6027\u522b\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u8ba4\u540c\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u8868\u8fbe\u300d\u7684\u6b67\u89c6\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027(Agius and Tobler,2011)\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4efd\u62a5\u544a\u51fa\u81ea\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u6743\u5a01\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5177\u5907\u5f88\u5927\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u6240\u4f9d\u636e\u7684\u662f\u9177\u513f\u7406\u8bba\u5173\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u8bdd\u8bed\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u90a3\u4e9b\u6709\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u3001\u4ee4\u4eba\u56f0\u60d1\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u62a5\u544a\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u300c\u5bf9\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8005\u548c\u95f4\u6027\u8005\u7684\u6d88\u6781\u6001\u5ea6\u300d\u901a\u5e38\u4e0e\u300c\u7279\u5b9a\u793e\u4f1a\u5bf9\u4e8c\u5143\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u91cd\u89c6\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61\u3001(\u751f\u7406)\u6027\u522b\u6b67\u89c6\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u7a0b\u5ea6\u300d\u76f4\u63a5\u76f8\u5173(Agius,Tobler,2011:5)\u3002\u800c\u5973\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u5206\u6790\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u300c\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u4e8c\u5143\u8bba\u300d\u548c\u57fa\u4e8e\u751f\u7406\u6027\u522b\u7684\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\uff0c\u6070\u6070\u662f\u8fd9\u4efd\u62a5\u544a\u8bd5\u56fe\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u300c\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u8ba4\u540c\u300d\u8fd9\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u6210\u56e0\u3002\u8be5\u62a5\u544a\u5bf9\u300c\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8005\u300d\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u5982\u6b64\u5bbd\u6cdb\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u6beb\u65e0\u610f\u4e49\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u300c\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8005\u300d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f1e\u72b6\u672f\u8bed\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4f46\u4e0d\u9650\u4e8e\uff1a\u6709\u53d8\u6027\u53f2\u7684\u7537\u6027\u548c\u5973\u6027\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u81ea\u6211\u8ba4\u540c\u4e3a\u53d8\u6027\u8005\u3001\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8005\u3001\u5f02\u88c5\u7656\u8005\/\u5f02\u88c5\u8005\u3001\u4e2d\u6027\u82b1\u8005\u3001\u591a\u91cd\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u8005\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u9177\u513f\u3001\u65e0\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u8005\uff0c\u6216\u4ee5\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u975e\u6807\u51c6\u7537\u6027\u6216\u5973\u6027\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u8ba4\u540c\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u8868\u8fbe\u4eba\u7fa4\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u901a\u8fc7\u670d\u9970\u9009\u62e9\u3001\u5916\u8868\u3001\u8eab\u4f53\u6539\u9020(\u5305\u62ec\u63a5\u53d7\u591a\u6b21\u624b\u672f)\u6765\u8868\u8fbe\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u7684\u4eba\u58eb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\">\u2014\u2014ibid.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u672a\u88ab\u7eb3\u5165\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u662f\u4e2a\u89c4\u6a21\u76f8\u5f53\u5927\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f7b\u5e95\u6452\u5f03\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u3001\u62d2\u7edd\u9075\u4ece\u4efb\u4f55\u8981\u6c42\u5728\u5176\u4e2a\u4eba\u8eab\u4e0a\u5c55\u793a\u7279\u5b9a\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u89c4\u8303\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u3001\u4f46\u5e76\u975e\u5168\u90e8\uff0c\u662f\u5973\u540c\u6027\u604b\u8005\u6216\u7537\u540c\u6027\u604b\u8005\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e76\u975e\u300c\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8005\u300d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u4ee5\u4efb\u4f55\u5f62\u5f0f\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u6027\u7269\u5316\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u662f\u9009\u62e9\u6ca1\u6709\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u5730\u751f\u6d3b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:70px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7.2\u5c06\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61\u7eb3\u5165\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u5f71\u54cd<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u628a \u300c\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u300d\u4fdd\u62a4\u7eb3\u5165\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u4ee4\u4eba\u4e0d\u5b89\u7684\u540e\u679c\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u901a\u8fc7\u8003\u5bdf\u4e24\u4e2a\u6240\u8c13\u5f00\u521b\u6027\u6cd5\u5f8b\u53d8\u9769\u6848\u4f8b\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6790\u2014\u2014\u82f1\u56fd2004\u5e74\u300a\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u627f\u8ba4\u6cd5\u6848(Gender Recognition Act)\u300b\u548c\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u76842013\u5e74\u300a\u751f\u7406\u6027\u522b\u6b67\u89c6\u6cd5(Sex Discrimination Act)\u300b\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u540e\u679c\u662f\uff0c\u5f53\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u88ab\u5199\u5165\u6cd5\u5f8b\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e3a\u6e90\u81ea\u751f\u7406\u6027\u522b\u79cd\u59d3\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61\u521b\u9020\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4fdd\u62a4\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u540e\u679c\u662f\uff0c\u300c\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u300d\u8303\u7574\u65e5\u76ca\u6a21\u7cca\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u7537\u6027\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4eec\u8eab\u4f53\u5b8c\u6574\u3001\u56e0\u6b64\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u5f3a\u5978\u548c\u4f7f\u5987\u5973\u53ca\u5973\u7ae5\u6000\u5b55\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5373\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ea\u662f\u5076\u5c14\u7684\u5f02\u88c5\u8005\u3002\u66fe\u51e0\u4f55\u65f6\uff0c\u300c\u53d8\u6027\u8005\u300d\u88ab\u8981\u6c42\u5fc5\u987b\u6709\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u8ba4\u540c\u969c\u788d\u7684\u8bca\u65ad\uff0c\u5b8c\u6210\u4ee5\u5f02\u6027\u8eab\u4efd\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u300c\u771f\u5b9e\u751f\u6d3b\u300d\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u5e76\u63a5\u53d7\u5404\u79cd\u8eab\u4f53\u6cbb\u7597\u6539\u9020\u8eab\u4f53\uff0c\u800c\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u58f0\u79f0\u5176\u300c\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u8ba4\u540c\u300d\u5e94\u5f53\u53d7\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u4eba\u58eb\u5374\u65e0\u9700\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u9879\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u627f\u8ba4\u751f\u7406\u6027\u522b\u6216\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u7684\u53d8\u66f4\u4ecd\u987b\u63d0\u4f9b\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u8ba4\u540c\u969c\u788d\u6cbb\u7597\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u79cd\u72b6\u51b5\u6b63\u5728\u6539\u53d8\u3002\u968f\u7740\u8981\u6c42\u4fdd\u62a4\u5176\u300c\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u6743\u5229\u300d\u7684\u4eba\u7fa4\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u4e0d\u65ad\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u5404\u56fd\u7acb\u6cd5\u6b63\u9075\u5faa\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u300c\u53bb\u75c5\u7406\u5316\u300d\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u6d3b\u52a8\u4eba\u58eb\u6b63\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u4e00\u573a\u6301\u7eed\u6027\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u65e0\u9700\u4efb\u4f55\u8bca\u65ad\u6216\u6cbb\u7597\u5373\u53ef\u627f\u8ba4\u5176\u53d8\u66f4\u7684\u751f\u7406\u6027\u522b\u79cd\u6027\u8eab\u4efd\uff0c\u8be5\u8fd0\u52a8\u76ee\u524d\u5df2\u53d6\u5f97\u663e\u8457\u8fdb\u5c55\u30022004\u5e74\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\u300a\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u627f\u8ba4\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\u4ecd\u7136\u8981\u6c42\u8bca\u65ad\uff0c\u4f46\u5c06\u6cbb\u7597\u4ece\u83b7\u5f97\u53d8\u66f4\u8eab\u4efd\u8bc1\u660e\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u4e2d\u5254\u9664\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u7acb\u6cd5\u8f6c\u5411 \u300c\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u300d\u7684\u5178\u578b\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u800c\u8be5\u6cd5\u6848\u9677\u5165\u7684\u300c\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u300d\u6df7\u4e71\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u5947\u602a\u7684\u7ed3\u679c(Jeffreys,2008)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:70px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7.3\u82f1\u56fd2004\u5e74\u300a\u793e\u4f1a\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u627f\u8ba4\u6cd5\u6848\u300b<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>2004\u5e74\u82f1\u56fd\u300a\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u627f\u8ba4\u6cd5\u6848(GRA)\u300b\u5728\u5f53\u662f\u6fc0\u8fdb\u7684\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u8fd9\u9879\u6cd5\u6848\u6bd4\u5176\u5b83\u56fd\u5bb6\u8d70\u5f97\u66f4\u8fdc\uff0c\u4f7f\u63a5\u53d7\u8fc7\u5916\u79d1\u624b\u672f\u6cbb\u7597\u7684\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8005\u80fd\u591f\u83b7\u5f97\u65b0\u7684\u51fa\u751f\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u548c\u8be5\u6cd5\u6848\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u300c\u540e\u5929\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b(acquired gender)\u300d\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6743\u5229\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u4ec0\u4e48\u5148\u5929\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b(non-acquired gender)\uff0c\u4f46\u8be5\u7acb\u6cd5\u53ca\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u8bae\u4f1a\u8fa9\u8bba\u5728\u5c06\u300c\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u300d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u751f\u7406\u6027\u522b\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u5c06\u5176\u4f5c\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u6784\u5efa\u4e4b\u95f4\u6447\u6446\u4e0d\u5b9a\u3002\u8be5\u6cd5\u6848\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u4e4b\u5904\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u5b83\u4e8b\u65e2\u672a\u63a5\u53d7\u624b\u672f\u3001\u4e5f\u672a\u63a5\u53d7\u8377\u5c14\u8499\u6cbb\u7597\u7684\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8005\u4e5f\u80fd\u83b7\u5f97\u5bf9\u5176\u65b0\u300c\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u300d\u7684\u627f\u8ba4\u3002\u7acb\u6cd5\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u63aa\u8f9e\u662f\u300c\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u300d\u800c\u975e\u300c\u751f\u7406\u6027\u522b\u300d\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8be5\u6cd5\u6848\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u300c\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u300d\u7684\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5973\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u901a\u5e38\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5176\u653f\u6cbb\u9635\u5730\u7684\u8bae\u9898\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u8be5\u6cd5\u6848\u9881\u5e03\u524d\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u5973\u6027\u6216\u5973\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u56e2\u4f53\u63d0\u4ea4\u610f\u89c1\u3002\u4e00\u573a\u5173\u4e8e\u4f55\u4e3a\u751f\u7406\u6027\u522b\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f55\u4e3a\u5973\u6027\u7684\u5bf9\u8bdd\u2014\u2014\u5305\u62ec\u5236\u5b9a\u5bf9\u5973\u6027\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u5927\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u2014\u2014\u9009\u62e9\u5728\u5e55\u540e\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u4eff\u4f5b\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bae\u9898\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e0e\u5973\u6027\u6216\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u65e0\u5173\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8be5\u6cd5\u6848\u662f\u56fd\u9645\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\uff0c\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u7531 Press for Change(PFC)\u3001the Gender Trust \u548c the FTM Network \u7b49\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4ee3\u8868\u3002\u5f53\u4e0b\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u63a5\u53d7\u5ea6\u4f53\u73b0\u5728 PFC \u7684\u4e24\u4f4d\u4e3b\u8981\u6d3b\u52a8\u4eba\u58eb\u514b\u91cc\u65af\u6c40\u00b7\u4f2f\u6069\u65af\u548c\u65af\u8482\u82ac\u00b7\u60e0\u7279\u5c14\u5206\u522b\u56e0\u5176\u4e3a\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u6743\u5229\u548c\u300a\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u627f\u8ba4\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\u8d21\u732e\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u800c\u88ab\u6388\u4e88MBE\u548cOBE\u52cb\u7ae0<sup data-fn=\"dbd3f9de-4aeb-4378-b8cd-29ad423b8706\" class=\"fn\"><a href=\"#dbd3f9de-4aeb-4378-b8cd-29ad423b8706\" id=\"dbd3f9de-4aeb-4378-b8cd-29ad423b8706-link\">1<\/a><\/sup>\u30022004\u5e74\u8be5\u6cd5\u6848\u65e8\u5728\u300c\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u53d8\u66f4\u53ca\u76f8\u5173\u4e8b\u9879\u4f5c\u51fa\u89c4\u5b9a\u300d(GRA,2004)\u3002\u8be5\u6cd5\u6848\u5c06\u300c\u540e\u5929\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u300d\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u300c\u4e2a\u4eba\u5df2\u53d8\u6210\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u300d\u6216\u300c\u4e2a\u4eba\u6b63\u4ee5\u4e4b\u4e3a\u751f\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u300d\u3002\u6839\u636e\u8be5\u6cd5\u6848\uff0c\u7533\u8bf7\u300c\u627f\u8ba4\u300d\u5176\u300c\u540e\u5929\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u300d\u7684\u4eba\u58eb\u5fc5\u987b\u63a5\u53d7\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u7ec4\u7684\u9762\u8bd5\u5ba1\u6838\uff0c\u5e76\u7531\u5c0f\u7ec4\u51b3\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u300c\u627f\u8ba4\u300d\u4ed6\u4eec\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7533\u8bf7\u4eba\u6ee1\u8db3\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u8be5\u5c0f\u7ec4\u5fc5\u987b\u6279\u51c6\u5176\u7533\u8bf7\uff1a\u4ed6\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u60a3\u6709\u6216\u66fe\u7ecf\u60a3\u6709\u300c\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u7126\u8651\u300d\uff1b\u5df2\u901a\u8fc7\u901a\u5e38\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u300c\u771f\u5b9e\u751f\u6d3b\u300d\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u5373\u5728\u7533\u8bf7\u622a\u6b62\u65e5\u671f\u524d\u7684\u4e24\u5e74\u95f4\u59cb\u7ec8\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u751f\u6d3b\uff1b\u5e76\u6253\u7b97\u300c\u7ee7\u7eed\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u751f\u6d3b\u76f4\u81f3\u6b7b\u4ea1\u300d\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5728\u8bae\u4f1a\u8fa9\u8bba\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u540e\u6094\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4efb\u4f55\u7533\u8bf7\u4eba\u627f\u8bfa\u4e0d\u6539\u53d8\u5fc3\u610f\u7684\u96be\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e24\u70b9\u5747\u672a\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4f1a\u635f\u5bb3\u7acb\u6cd5\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u2014\u2014\u8be5\u7cbe\u795e\u57fa\u4e8e\u300c\u771f\u5b9e\u300d\u7684\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8005\u53ef\u88ab\u8bc6\u522b\u3001\u4e14\u540e\u6094\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\u3002\u8be5\u6cd5\u6848\u5e76\u672a\u8bbe\u7acb\u4efb\u4f55\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u90a3\u4e9b\u6839\u636e\u6cd5\u6848\u83b7\u5f97\u300c\u8ba4\u53ef\u300d\u7684\u4eba\u5728\u672a\u6765\u6bcf\u6b21\u66f4\u6539\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u8ba4\u65f6\uff0c\u90fd\u80fd\u8fd4\u56de\u5e76\u83b7\u5f97\u65b0\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u8bc1\u660e\u6216\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u8eab\u4efd\u8bc1\u660e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7533\u8bf7\u4eba\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5f62\u5f0f\u63d0\u4f9b\u300c\u540e\u5929\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u300d\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\uff1a\u300c\u4e00\u4efd\u7531\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u7126\u8651\u9886\u57df\u6267\u4e1a\u7684\u6ce8\u518c\u533b\u5e08\u51fa\u5177\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u548c\u4e00\u4efd\u7531\u53e6\u4e00\u4f4d\u6ce8\u518c\u533b\u751f\u51fa\u5177\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u300d\u6216\u300c\u4e00\u4efd\u7531\u5728\u8be5\u9886\u57df\u6267\u4e1a\u7684\u7279\u8bb8\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u51fa\u5177\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u548c\u4e00\u4efd\u7531\u6ce8\u518c\u533b\u5e08\u51fa\u5177\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u300d(GRA:Article 3)\u3002\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u540c\u7c7b\u7acb\u6cd5\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u8be5\u6cd5\u6848\u4e0d\u8981\u6c42\u7533\u8bf7\u4eba\u63a5\u53d7\u8377\u5c14\u8499\u6216\u624b\u672f\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u533b\u5b66\u6cbb\u7597\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e00\u4e9b\u602a\u5f02\u540e\u679c\u3002\u5b83\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5373\u4e00\u4e2a\u751f\u7406\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u5973\u6027\u53ef\u4ee5\u5408\u6cd5\u5730\u6210\u4e3a\u7537\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u53ef\u80fd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u300c\u7236\u4eb2\u300d\u751f\u80b2\u548c\u629a\u517b\u5b69\u5b50\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6839\u636e\u82f1\u56fd\u7acb\u6cd5\uff0c\u51fa\u751f\u8bc1\u660e\u5e94\u6307\u660e\u751f\u80b2\u8005\u4e3a\u300c\u6bcd\u4eb2\u300d\u800c\u975e\u300c\u7236\u4eb2\u300d\u3002\u5b83\u4e5f\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u79cd\u60c5\u5f62\uff1a\u4e00\u540d\u7537\u6027\u80fd\u51ed\u501f\u627f\u8ba4\u5176\u4e3a\u5973\u6027\u7684\u8bc1\u4e66\u8fdb\u5165\u5973\u6027\u4e13\u5c5e\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u8fd9\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u5973\u5b50\u76d1\u72f1\u4e2d\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u7a0d\u540e\u672c\u7ae0\u5c06\u8be6\u8ff0\u3002\u5bf9\u5973\u6027\u5b89\u5168\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u5a01\u80c1\u56e0\u8be5\u7537\u6027\u53ef\u80fd\u8eab\u4f53\u5065\u5168\u800c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u52a0\u5267\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5c3d\u7ba1\u300a\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u627f\u8ba4\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\u5728\u5176\u9881\u5e03\u65f6\u662f\u6fc0\u8fdb\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4e0d\u8981\u6c42\u836f\u7269\u6216\u5916\u79d1\u624b\u672f\u6cbb\u7597\u5373\u53ef\u83b7\u5f97\u300c\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u300d\u53d8\u66f4\u8bc1\u540d\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u968f\u540e\u7684\u5341\u5e74\u4e2d\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u6743\u5229\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u8fd0\u52a8\u548c\u8ba8\u8bba\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d6\u5f97\u957f\u8db3\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u4ece\u5bf92013\u5e74\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u300a\u751f\u7406\u6027\u522b\u6b67\u89c6\u6cd5\u300b\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\u5ba1\u89c6\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u6e05\u695a\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u8be5\u6cd5\u6848\u4e2d\uff0c\u300c\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u8ba4\u540c\u300d\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u975e\u5e38\u5bbd\u6cdb\uff0c\u5b83\u4ec5\u6307\u5916\u8868\u6216\u300c\u4e3e\u6b62\u300d\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u6ca1\u6709\u63d0\u53ca\u8bca\u65ad\u6216\u6cbb\u7597\u3002\u5728\u8be5\u7acb\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u8ba4\u540c\u7eaf\u5c5e\u4e2a\u4eba\u9009\u62e9\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u80fd\u591f\u968f\u65f6\u6539\u53d8\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:70px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7.4\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a2013\u5e74\u300a\u751f\u7406\u6027\u522b\u6b67\u89c6\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\u4fee\u6b63\u6848<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5c06\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u6743\u5229\u7eb3\u5165\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u53d8\u9769\u53d1\u5c55\u8fc5\u901f\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0e\u9177\u513f\u7406\u8bba\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u7684\u5904\u7406\u65b9\u6cd5\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u81f4\u30022013\u5e74\uff0c\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u8054\u90a6\u300a\u751f\u7406\u6027\u522b\u6b67\u89c6\u6cd5\u300b\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\u5728\u53d7\u4fdd\u62a4\u514d\u53d7\u6b67\u89c6\u7684\u7c7b\u522b\u4e2d\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u6027\u53d6\u5411\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u8ba4\u540c\u548c\u95f4\u6027\u8005(Parliament of the Commonwealth of Australia,2013a)\u3002\u5b83\u751a\u81f3\u6697\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u6709\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u300c\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u8ba4\u540c\u300d\u8303\u7574\u4e0b\u5141\u8bb8\u4e2a\u4f53\u300c\u65e2\u975e\u7537\u6027\u4e5f\u975e\u5973\u6027\u300d(Parliament of the Commonwealth of Australia,2013b)\u3002\u300c\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u8ba4\u540c\u300d\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u975e\u5e38\u5e7f\u6cdb\uff0c\u65e0\u9700\u8bca\u65ad\u6216\u6cbb\u7597\uff0c\u4e5f\u65e0\u9700\u610f\u5411\u8005\u5728\u6e34\u671b\u6210\u4e3a\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u4e2d\u751f\u6d3b\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u5728\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u63d0\u4f9b\u4fbf\u5229\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u80fd\u4e34\u65f6\u6216\u5076\u5c14\u4e3b\u5f20\u81ea\u5df1\u62e5\u6709\u67d0\u79cd \u300c\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u8ba4\u540c\u300d\uff1a\u300c\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u8ba4\u540c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u8ba4\u540c\u3001\u5916\u8868\u6216\u4e60\u60ef\u6027\u52a8\u4f5c\u3001\u6216\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u7279\u5f81(\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5426\u901a\u8fc7\u533b\u7597\u5e72\u9884)\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u5176\u51fa\u751f\u65f6\u88ab\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u751f\u7406\u6027\u522b\u5982\u4f55\u300d(Parliament of the Commonwealth of Australia,2013a:6,Subsection4(1))\u3002\u63a8\u6d4b\u300c\u4e60\u60ef\u6027\u52a8\u4f5c\u300d\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u5341\u5206\u6709\u8da3\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u62ec\u7b2c\u56db\u7ae0\u4e2d\u4e24\u4f4d\u5973\u6027\u4f34\u4fa3\u63cf\u8ff0\u5979\u4eec\u7684\u4e08\u592b\u5728\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u62e8\u5f04\u5934\u53d1\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u3002\u5c06\u8fd9\u79cd\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u5efa\u6784\u7684\u7537\u6027\u548c\u5973\u6027\u7279\u8d28\u8fdb\u884c\u5982\u6b64\u7cbe\u7ec6\u6821\u51c6\u7684\u8861\u91cf\u6807\u51c6\u7eb3\u5165\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u65e0\u7591\u662f\u79cd\u5168\u65b0\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u8be5\u7acb\u6cd5\u6697\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u4f1a\u62e5\u6709\u300c\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u8ba4\u540c\u300d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5c06\u57fa\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u8ba4\u540c\u7684\u6b67\u89c6\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u300c\u6b67\u89c6\u8005\u5728\u76f8\u540c\u6216\u65e0\u5b9e\u8d28\u5dee\u5f02\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u4e0b\uff0c\u5bf9\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u7ed9\u4e88\u4f4e\u4e8e\u5176\u5b9e\u9645\u6216\u53ef\u80fd\u7ed9\u4e88\u62e5\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u8ba4\u540c\u8005\u5f85\u9047\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u300d(Parliament of the Commonwealth of Australia,2013a:5B)\u3002\u8be5\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\u6ca1\u89c4\u5b9a\u5c06\u6ca1\u6709\u300c\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u8ba4\u540c\u300d\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4e0d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5176\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53c2\u7167\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u653f\u5e9c\u73b0\u5df2\u786e\u7acb\u4e00\u79cd\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u5373\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u6709\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u8ba4\u540c\uff0c\u4e14\u62e5\u6709\u8fd9\u79cd\u7279\u8d28\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d8\u5f97\u5f3a\u5236\u6027\u548c\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-footnotes\"><li 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