{"id":507,"date":"2025-12-16T22:35:36","date_gmt":"2025-12-16T14:35:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/43.154.128.27\/?p=507"},"modified":"2025-12-19T22:33:54","modified_gmt":"2025-12-19T14:33:54","slug":"%e3%80%8a%e6%80%a7%e5%88%ab%e4%b9%8b%e7%97%9b%e3%80%8b%e7%ac%ac%e5%85%ad%e7%ab%a0%ef%bc%9a%e7%a4%be%e4%bc%9a%e6%80%a7%e5%88%ab%e4%bc%98%e7%94%9f%e5%ad%a6-%e5%84%bf%e7%ab%a5%e8%b7%a8-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/43.154.128.27\/index.php\/2025\/12\/16\/%e3%80%8a%e6%80%a7%e5%88%ab%e4%b9%8b%e7%97%9b%e3%80%8b%e7%ac%ac%e5%85%ad%e7%ab%a0%ef%bc%9a%e7%a4%be%e4%bc%9a%e6%80%a7%e5%88%ab%e4%bc%98%e7%94%9f%e5%ad%a6-%e5%84%bf%e7%ab%a5%e8%b7%a8-2\/","title":{"rendered":"\u300a\u6027\u522b\u4e4b\u75db\u300b|\u7b2c\u516d\u7ae0\uff1a\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u2014\u2014\u513f\u7ae5\u8de8\u6027\u522b(2\/2)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div style=\"height:70px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u672c\u6587\u5171\u8ba1 7782 \u5b57\uff0c\u9884\u8ba1\u9700\u8981 19 \u5206\u949f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:70px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6.5\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u5b9e\u8df5\u548c\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u5b9e\u8df5\u7684\u5173\u8054<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u793e\u4f1a\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u5173\u4e8e\u4f18\u751f\u8fd0\u52a8\u53ca\u5176\u5b9e\u8df5\u7684\u6587\u732e\u6b63\u4e0d\u65ad\u6d8c\u73b0\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u89c2\u5ff5\u548c\u5b9e\u8df5\u548c\u5f53\u4e0b\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u5b9e\u8df5\u6240\u547c\u5e94\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u732e\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u8fd0\u52a8\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd(Largent,2008;Reilly,1991)\u548c\u6b27\u6d32(Lucassen,2010)\u53d1\u5c55\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u7edd\u80b2\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5b9e\u8df5\u6838\u5fc3\u3002\u90e8\u5206\u6587\u732e\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u79cd\u505a\u6cd5\u5728\u4e0a\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e03\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u88ab\u53eb\u505c\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u65e7\u9634\u9b42\u4e0d\u6563\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u88ab\u7528\u5728\u90a3\u4e9b\u56e0\u6613\u53d7\u6027\u4fb5\u5bb3\u800c\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u6709\u6000\u5b55\u98ce\u9669\u7684\u5c11\u5973\u8eab\u4e0a(Largent,2008)\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5bf9\u513f\u7ae5\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u548c\u5bf9\u4e0d\u9002\u5b9c\u751f\u80b2\u8005\u7edd\u80b2\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u90fd\u7531\u6027\u5b66\u4e13\u5bb6\u4ee5\u793e\u4f1a\u5de5\u7a0b\u76ee\u7684\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u732e\u5f88\u5c11\u5c06\u5b83\u4e0e\u5f53\u4ee3\u5bf9\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u5b9e\u8df5\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u57fa\u7840\u6765\u81ea\u67e5\u5c14\u65af\u00b7\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u7684\u8868\u5f1f\u5f17\u6717\u897f\u65af\u00b7\u9ad8\u5c14\u987f\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c(Largent,2008)\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u601d\u60f3\u540e\u6765\u88ab\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u5de6\u503e\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u6027\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u5b66\u5bb6\u6240\u91c7\u7eb3\u548c\u63a8\u5e7f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u82f1\u56fd\u7684J\u00b7B\u00b7S\u00b7\u54c8\u5c14\u4e39\u548c\u4ea8\u5229\u00b7\u54c8\u7ef4\u6d1b\u514b\u00b7\u57c3\u5229\u65af\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u745e\u58eb\u7684\u5965\u53e4\u65af\u7279\u00b7\u798f\u96f7\u5c14(Lucassen,2010)\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u90fd\u5c06\u81ea\u5df1\u89c6\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u4e8c\u5341\u4e00\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u5bf9\u7537\u4eba\u3001\u5973\u4eba\u548c\u513f\u7ae5\u8fdb\u884c\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u4ee5\u5de6\u7ffc\u7406\u8bba\u5bb6\u6731\u8fea\u65af\u00b7\u5df4\u7279\u52d2\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\u4eba\u58eb\u5f53\u4f5c\u4e00\u9879\u79ef\u6781\u7684\u4eba\u6743\u8bae\u9898\u91c7\u7eb3\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4fb5\u72af\u6743\u5229\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5(Butler,2004)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u5230\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u7684\u5de6\u7ffc\u4eba\u58eb\u666e\u904d\u652f\u6301\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u82f1\u56fd\u8d39\u8fb9\u793e\u4f1a<sup data-fn=\"ed017899-cfc0-47df-a187-5e3fda06d4dd\" class=\"fn\"><a href=\"#ed017899-cfc0-47df-a187-5e3fda06d4dd\" id=\"ed017899-cfc0-47df-a187-5e3fda06d4dd-link\">1<\/a><\/sup>\u6210\u5458\u6089\u5c3c\u00b7\u97e6\u4f2f\u548c\u6bd4\u963f\u7279\u4e3d\u65af\u00b7\u97e6\u4f2f\u592b\u5987(Lucassen,2010)\u3002\u5728\u745e\u5178\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u751f\u80b2\u8005\u7edd\u80b2\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u793e\u4f1a\u5de5\u7a0b\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u53d7\u5230\u7c73\u5c14\u8fbe\u5c14\u592b\u5987\u7684\u70ed\u60c5\u91c7\u7eb3\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u745e\u5178\u798f\u5229\u56fd\u5bb6\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u652f\u6301\u8005\u548c\u63a8\u52a8\u8005\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u745e\u5178\u5728\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u5bf9\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u751f\u80b2\u8005\u7edd\u80b2\u7684\u6cd5\u6848\uff0c\u4ece\u90a3\u65f6\u8d77\u5230\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e03\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u5171\u6709 63,000 \u4eba\u88ab\u7edd\u80b2\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d 90% \u662f\u5973\u6027\u3002\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u88ab\u5de6\u7ffc\u4eba\u58eb\u89c6\u4e3a\u521b\u9020\u66f4\u4f18\u826f\u300c\u79cd\u65cf\u300d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u800c\u79cd\u65cf\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u8bed\u5883\u4e0b\u6307\u7684\u662f\u300c\u56fd\u5bb6\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u524d\u8bb8\u591a\u5973\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u91c7\u7eb3\u4e86\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5bf9\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u751f\u80b2\u8005\u7edd\u80b2\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u8282\u80b2\u5021\u5bfc\u8005\u739b\u683c\u4e3d\u7279\u00b7\u6851\u683c\u5c31\u662f\u5176\u4e2d\u4e4b\u4e00\u30021932\u5e74\uff0c\u5979\u5c1d\u8bd5\u89e3\u91ca\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u5982\u4f55\u80fd\u591f\u901a\u8fc7\u9884\u9632\u4eba\u53e3\u8fc7\u5269\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5979\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5bfc\u81f4\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u751f\u80b2\u8005\u7684\u8fc7\u5269\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8fbe\u5230\u7ec8\u6b62\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u76ee\u7684(Sanger,1932)\u3002\u8fd9\u7c7b\u63aa\u65bd\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u5b9e\u884c\u7981\u6b62\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u751f\u80b2\u8005\u5165\u5883\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u653f\u7b56\u3001\u5bf9\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u751f\u80b2\u8005\u8fdb\u884c\u9694\u79bb\u6765\u4f7f\u5176\u65e0\u6cd5\u751f\u6b96\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u7edd\u80b2\u3002\u5979\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u79fb\u6c11\u7ba1\u7406\u5c40\u5e94\u7981\u6b62\u300c\u667a\u529b\u4f4e\u4e0b\u8005\u3001\u767d\u75f4\u3001\u5f31\u667a\u3001\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u60a3\u8005\u3001\u6885\u6bd2\u60a3\u8005\u3001\u766b\u75eb\u60a3\u8005\u3001\u72af\u7f6a\u5206\u5b50\u3001\u804c\u4e1a\u5993\u5973\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u300d\u5165\u5883\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u90a3\u4e9b\u53ef\u80fd\u62e5\u6709\u300c\u88ab\u73b7\u6c61\u7684\u540e\u4ee3\u300d\u7684\u4eba\u91c7\u53d6\u300c\u4e25\u683c\u4e14\u5f3a\u786c\u7684\u9694\u79bb\u548c\u7edd\u80b2\u653f\u7b56\u300d\u3002\u5979\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5e94\u88ab\u8d4b\u4e88\u9009\u62e9\u88ab\u9694\u79bb\u6216\u88ab\u7edd\u80b2\u7684\u6743\u5229\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u8282\u80b2\u5021\u5bfc\u8005\u739b\u4e3d\u00b7\u65af\u6258\u666e\u65af\u540c\u6837\u53d7\u5230\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u542f\u53d1\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f20\u9650\u5236\u90a3\u4e9b\u300c\u8d28\u91cf\u300d\u4e0d\u8db3\u7684\u4eba\u751f\u80b2\u3002\u5979\u5728 1957 \u5e74\u63a5\u53d7 BBC \u91c7\u8bbf\u65f6\u5c31\u66fe\u8868\u793a\u300c\u6211\u4eec\u6b63\u5728\u5b55\u80b2\u5783\u573e\u300d(quoted in Garrett,2007:xlii)\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u4e8c\u6218\u524d\u82f1\u56fd\u5973\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u5728\u591a\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u91c7\u7eb3\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\uff0c\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e2d\u4ecd\u662f\u4e89\u8bae\u6027\u8bdd\u9898\u3002\u4f46\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u666e\u904d\u5171\u8bc6\u662f\uff0c\u5973\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u503e\u5411\u5728\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u672f\u8bed\uff0c\u4ee5\u589e\u5f3a\u5176\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u8bf4\u670d\u529b\u548c\u6613\u7406\u89e3\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u5979\u4eec\u7a76\u7adf\u591a\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u63a5\u53d7\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u89c2\u5ff5\u5c31\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u56de\u4e8b\u4e86(Bland,1995; Makepeace,2009)\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u81ea\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u8fdb\u6b65\u4eba\u58eb\u751a\u81f3\u5973\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5bf9\u6210\u4eba\u548c\u513f\u7ae5\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u5b9e\u8df5\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6279\u8bc4\u6216\u79ef\u6781\u652f\u6301\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0d\u8db3\u4e3a\u5947\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u65e9\u671f\uff0c\u5bf9\u7c7b\u4f3c\u9879\u76ee\u8fdb\u884c\u652f\u6301\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u662f\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:70px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6.6\u6027\u5916\u79d1\u624b\u672f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u5b9e\u8df5\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u662f\u5bf9\u90a3\u4e9b\u88ab\u5224\u65ad\u4e3a\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u751f\u80b2\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u8fdb\u884c\u6027\u5916\u79d1\u624b\u672f\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bf9\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u751f\u80b2\u7684\u4eba\u7fa4\u8fdb\u884c\u7edd\u80b2\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u5c55\u73b0\u51fa\u8be5\u5b9e\u8df5\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u548c\u53ef\u63a5\u53d7\u5ea6\u30021907 \u5e74\u81f3 1937 \u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u6709\u4e09\u5206\u4e4b\u4e8c\u7684\u5dde\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u5f3a\u5236\u7edd\u80b2\u6cd5(Largent,2008:65)\u3002\u7edd\u80b2\u4e0d\u4ec5\u7528\u4e8e\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u5373\u9632\u6b62\u6709\u7f3a\u9677\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u751f\u80b2\uff0c\u8fd8\u7528\u4e8e\u60e9\u7f5a\u548c\u77eb\u6b63\u4e0d\u53ef\u63a5\u53d7\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u3002\u5bf9\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u751f\u80b2\u8005\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u6027\u5916\u79d1\u624b\u672f\u5305\u62ec\u5207\u9664\u777e\u4e38\u7684\u5f7b\u5e95\u9609\u5272\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8f93\u7cbe\u7ba1\u5207\u9664\u672f\u8fd9\u79cd\u4fb5\u5165\u6027\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u3002\u62c9\u91d1\u7279\u89e3\u91ca\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u5207\u9664\u777e\u4e38\u548c\u9634\u56ca\u4ece\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u5230\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e00\u76f4\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u300c\u6cbb\u7597\u3001\u60e9\u7f5a\u548c\u63a7\u5236\u6570\u767e\u540d\u5f3a\u5978\u72af\u3001\u513f\u7ae5\u6027\u4fb5\u8005\u548c\u4ece\u4e8b\u540c\u6027\u604b\u76f8\u5173\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u7537\u6027\u300d(Largent,2008:5)\u3002\u62c9\u91d1\u7279\u5c06\u8fd9\u79cd\u505a\u6cd5\u79f0\u4e3a\u300c\u80a2\u4f53\u6b8b\u5bb3\u300d\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u5728\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u9662\u548c\u76d1\u72f1\u7684\u7537\u6027\u8eab\u4e0a\u3002\u4ed6\u89e3\u91ca\u8bf4\uff0c\u80a2\u4f53\u6b8b\u5bb3\u7684\u7406\u7531\u968f\u65f6\u95f4\u63a8\u79fb\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u4ece\u300c\u60e9\u7f5a\u6027\u548c\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u6027\u300d\u53d8\u4e3a\u300c\u6cbb\u7597\u6027\u548c\u9884\u9632\u6027\u300d\u3002\u53c2\u4e0e\u6027\u5916\u79d1\u624b\u672f\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u533b\u751f\u7ecf\u5e38\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u7528\u4f5c\u300c\u6cbb\u6108\u300d\u5973\u6027\u4e0d\u53ef\u63a5\u53d7\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u5728\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u671f\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0cG\u00b7\u5965\u5c14\u5fb7\u5c14\u00b7\u5e03\u9c81\u9ed8\u5efa\u8bae\u5bf9\u5973\u6027\u60a3\u8005\u8fdb\u884c\u300c\u5987\u79d1\u624b\u672f\u300d(Dowbiggin,1997:89)\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u300c\u7cbe\u795e\u9519\u4e71\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u751f\u6b96\u5668\u53cd\u5c04\u300d<sup data-fn=\"0d5d73a2-038b-4da1-a29b-8222f559732b\" class=\"fn\"><a href=\"#0d5d73a2-038b-4da1-a29b-8222f559732b\" id=\"0d5d73a2-038b-4da1-a29b-8222f559732b-link\">2<\/a><\/sup>\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c2\u70b9\u5728 1850 \u81f3 1900 \u5e74\u95f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u6d41\u4f20\uff0c\u5e76\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e0d\u5c11\u5973\u6027\u7684\u5b50\u5bab\u548c\u5375\u5de2\u88ab\u5207\u9664\u3002\u4ed6\u7279\u522b\u5efa\u8bae\u5bf9\u90a3\u4e9b\u5927\u55d3\u95e8\u548c\u8a00\u8f9e\u7c97\u4fd7\u7684\u5973\u6027\u8fdb\u884c\u8fd9\u79cd\u624b\u672f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u9f0e\u76db\u65f6\u671f\u548c\u5f53\u4ee3\u5bf9\u513f\u7ae5\u8fdb\u884c\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u5173\u8054\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u5973\u540c\u6027\u604b\u8005\u548c\u7537\u540c\u6027\u604b\u8005\u662f\u4e24\u79cd\u5b9e\u8df5\u5171\u540c\u9488\u5bf9\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u6027\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5bf9\u5973\u540c\u6027\u604b\u8005\u548c\u7537\u540c\u6027\u604b\u8005\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u548c\u60e9\u7f5a\u8d2f\u7a7f\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u4e54\u7eb3\u68ee\u00b7\u5361\u8328\u5728\u4ed6\u65e9\u671f\u53d7\u540c\u6027\u604b\u89e3\u653e\u542f\u53d1\u5e76\u64b0\u5199\u7684\u5973\u540c\u6027\u604b\u548c\u7537\u540c\u6027\u604b\u53f2\u300a\u7f8e\u56fd\u540c\u6027\u604b\u53f2(Gay American History)\u300b(1976)\u4e2d\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9a87\u4eba\u542c\u95fb\u7684\u6b8b\u9177\u7ec6\u8282\u3002\u5361\u8328\u5199\u9053\uff1a\u300e\u957f\u671f\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u5973\u540c\u6027\u604b\u8005\u548c\u7537\u540c\u6027\u604b\u8005\u4e00\u76f4\u906d\u53d7\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u5b66-\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u4e13\u4e1a\u4eba\u58eb\u65bd\u52a0\u7684\u5404\u5f0f\u5404\u6837\u3001\u9a87\u4eba\u542c\u95fb\u7684\u300c\u6cbb\u7597\u65b9\u6cd5\u300d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6cbb\u7597\u901a\u5e38\u65e8\u5728\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u53bb\u6027\u5316\u6216\u91cd\u65b0\u5bfc\u5411\u5f02\u6027\u604b\u300f(Katz,1976:197)\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e00\u76f4\u6301\u7eed\u5230\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e0b\u534a\u53f6\u7684\u6cbb\u7597\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u777e\u4e38\u5207\u9664\u672f\uff0c\u5b50\u5bab\u5168\u5207\u672f\u548c\u8f93\u7cbe\u7ba1\u5207\u9664\u672f\u7b49\u3002\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u7684\u5973\u6027\u88ab\u8feb\u906d\u53d7\u5207\u9664\u5375\u5de2\u548c\u9634\u8482\u7684\u624b\u672f\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u65e8\u5728\u300c\u6cbb\u6108\u300d\u5305\u62ec\u5973\u540c\u6027\u604b\u5728\u5185\u7684\u3001\u5404\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u5973\u6027\u300c\u949f\u60c5\u5984\u60f3\u75c7\u300d\u7684\u533b\u7597\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u989d\u53f6\u5207\u9664\u672f\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e94\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u4f9d\u65e7\u8fdb\u884c\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u836f\u7269\u6cbb\u7597\u540c\u6837\u88ab\u91c7\u7eb3\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u65bd\u7528\u8377\u5c14\u8499\u3001LSD\u3001\u6027\u5174\u594b\u5242\u548c\u6027\u6291\u5236\u5242\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u50ac\u7720\u3001\u7535\u51fb\u3001\u5316\u5b66\u4f11\u514b\u7597\u6cd5\uff0c\u548c\u538c\u6076\u7597\u6cd5\u7b49\u5176\u4ed6\u6cbb\u7597\u65b9\u6cd5(ibid.)\u3002\u5361\u8328\u8bc4\u8bba\u9053\uff0c\u6027\u5916\u79d1\u624b\u672f\u7684\u540c\u6027\u604b\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u548c\u4eca\u5929\u8bf7\u6c42\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8005\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u5bf9\u6b64\u6301\u300c\u9ed8\u8bb8\u300d\u6001\u5ea6\u5e76\u4e3b\u52a8\u8981\u6c42\u6cbb\u7597\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u975e\u81ea\u613f\u6027\u7edd\u975e\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u5b9e\u8df5\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u5361\u8328\u89e3\u91ca\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u67e5\u9605\u7684\u75c5\u4f8b\u8bb0\u5f55\u8868\u660e\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u75c5\u4f8b\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e2d\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u5145\u6ee1\u5185\u759a\u3001\u81ea\u6211\u538c\u6076\u7684\u540c\u6027\u604b\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c06\u793e\u4f1a\u8c34\u8d23\u5185\u5316\u5f97\u5982\u6b64\u5f7b\u5e95\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u5bfb\u6c42\u6700\u6b8b\u9177\u7684\u6cbb\u7597\u4f5c\u4e3a\u60e9\u7f5a\uff1b\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u73a9\u4e00\u573a\u53d7\u8650\u72c2\u5f0f\u7684\u6e38\u620f\uff0c\u800c\u533b\u751f\u5728\u6e38\u620f\u4e2d\u88ab\u8d4b\u4e88\u5e76\u6b23\u7136\u626e\u6f14\u4e00\u4e2a\u771f\u6b63\u65bd\u8650\u7684(\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u6709\u5229\u53ef\u56fe)\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\">\u2014\u2014Katz,1976:200<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5361\u8328\u5e76\u672a\u628a\u5bf9\u7537\u540c\u6027\u604b\u8005\u548c\u5973\u6027\u540c\u6027\u604b\u8005\u8fdb\u884c\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u7eb3\u5165\u8fd9\u7c7b\u8650\u5f85\u6027\u6cbb\u7597\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f46\u4f2f\u5c3c\u4e1d\u00b7\u8c6a\u65af\u66fc\u5728\u5979\u5bf9\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u5973\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u6279\u8bc4\u4e2d\u505a\u5230\u8fd9\u70b9(Hausman,1995)\u3002\u8c6a\u65af\u66fc\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u53f6\u5bf9\u95f4\u6027\u548c\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8005\u7684\u6cbb\u7597\uff0c\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7531\u964d\u4f4e\u540c\u6027\u604b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u5e76\u521b\u9020\u5f02\u6027\u604b\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u9a71\u4f7f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u548c\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u5b9e\u8df5\u5728\u5bf9\u540c\u6027\u604b\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u4e0a\u5b58\u5728\u76f8\u4f3c\u4e4b\u5904\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u70b9\u5728\u5f53\u4eca\u7684\u793e\u79d1\u6587\u732e\u4e2d\u5374\u9c9c\u5c11\u88ab\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5bfb\u6c42\u8f6c\u53d8\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u7537\u6027\u548c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5973\u6027\u5728\u63a5\u53d7\u6cbb\u7597\u524d\u90fd\u662f\u540c\u6027\u604b\u8005\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u662f\u4e2a\u516c\u5f00\u79d8\u5bc6\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5bfb\u6c42\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u5316\u7684\u7537\u6027\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u5973\u6027\u548c\u90e8\u5206\u7537\u6027\u5438\u5f15\uff0c\u4f46\u516c\u8ba4\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5973\u6027\u5728\u88ab\u8bca\u65ad\u4e3a\u300c\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u300d\u524d\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u5973\u540c\u6027\u604b\u8005\uff1a\u300c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u786e\u8bca\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u8ba4\u540c\u969c\u788d\u7684\u5973\u6027\u90fd\u4f1a\u5f97\u5230\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u8bca\u65ad\u63cf\u8ff0\u2014\u2014\u88ab\u5973\u6027\u6027\u5438\u5f15\u2014\u2014\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4e5f\u6709\u5c11\u6570\u4f8b\u5916\u60c5\u51b5\u6d89\u53ca\u88ab\u7537\u6027\u6027\u5438\u5f15\u7684\u5973\u6027\u300d(Mental Health Today,n.d.)\u3002\u53c2\u4e0e\u6cbb\u7597\u513f\u7ae5\u671f\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u8ba4\u540c\u969c\u788d\u6cbb\u7597\u7684\u4e13\u4e1a\u4eba\u58eb\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5728\u88ab\u7236\u6bcd\u8f6c\u4ecb\u8fdb\u884c\u8bca\u65ad\u7684\u7537\u5b69\u4e2d\uff0c\u56db\u5206\u4e4b\u4e09\u5728\u6210\u5e74\u540e\u4f1a\u6210\u4e3a\u540c\u6027\u604b\u8005\u6216\u53cc\u6027\u604b\u8005(ibid.)\u3002\u5f8b\u5e08\u517c\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u6743\u5229\u6d3b\u52a8\u4eba\u58eb\u9999\u519c\u00b7\u660e\u7279\uff0c\u5bf9\u6027\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u90a3\u4e9b\u53c2\u4e0e\u521b\u5efa\u5e76\u5b9e\u65bd\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u8ba4\u540c\u7684\u4e13\u4e1a\u4eba\u58eb\u7684\u63f4\u5f15\u8fdb\u884c\u6c47\u7f16\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u63ed\u793a\u4ed6\u4eec\u60f3\u8981\u963b\u6b62\u540c\u6027\u604b\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u610f\u56fe(Minter,1999)\u3002\u660e\u7279\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff1a\u300e\u5982\u679c\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u8ba4\u540c\u969c\u788d\u4e0e\u6210\u5e74\u671f\u7684\u540c\u6027\u604b\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u5f3a\u5173\u8054\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u513f\u7ae5\u8de8\u8d8a\u751f\u7406\u6027\u522b\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u8ba4\u5b9a\u4e3a\u7cbe\u795e\u969c\u788d\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6210\u4e3a\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u2026\u2026\u300c\u7ea0\u6b63\u300d\u8de8\u8d8a\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u3001\u6574\u4e2a\u4e34\u5e8a\u9886\u57df\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7126\u70b9\u300f(Minter,1999:27)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u5bb6\u5bf9\u63a7\u5236\u548c\u60e9\u7f5a\u540c\u6027\u604b\u7684\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u521b\u5efa\u9002\u5f53\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u5316\u548c\u751f\u7406\u6027\u522b\u5316\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u548c\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u8fd0\u52a8\u5728\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u4e0e\u5f53\u4eca\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u513f\u7ae5\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u5b9e\u8df5\u6709\u7740\u660e\u786e\u5173\u8054\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u7f8e\u56fd\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e9a\u5386\u5c71\u5fb7\u62c9\u00b7\u65af\u7279\u6069\uff0c\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u8fd0\u52a8\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u4e8c\u6218\u540e\u5c06\u7126\u70b9\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u4f7f\u5bb6\u5ead\u6210\u5458\u670d\u4ece\u5176\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u89d2\u8272\u4e0a\u7684(Stern,2005)\u3002\u65af\u7279\u6069\u89e3\u91ca\u9053\uff0c\u5728\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e94\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u4e3a\u4eba\u719f\u77e5\u7684\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c\u5982\u7edd\u80b2\uff0c\u56e0\u548c\u7eb3\u7cb9\u4e3b\u4e49\u76f8\u5173\u800c\u88ab\u6c61\u540d\u5316\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u5b83\u7684\u70ed\u60c5\u5927\u5e45\u4e0b\u6ed1\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u6b63\u5982\u5979\u6307\u51fa\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b9e\u8df5\u8fdc\u672a\u753b\u4e0a\u53e5\u53f7\uff0c\u76f8\u5173\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4ecd\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u5bb6\u8f6c\u5411\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u300c\u79ef\u6781\u300d\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\uff0c\u4e13\u6ce8\u4eba\u53e3\u89c4\u6a21\u63a7\u5236\u5e76\u300c\u5f80\u5f80\u5f00\u59cb\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u5206\u5316\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4e0d\u662f\u79cd\u65cf\u5dee\u5f02\u2026\u2026\u800c\u662f\u751f\u7406\u6027\u522b\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u300d\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bfc\u81f4\u300c\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u88ab\u91cd\u65b0\u9610\u8ff0\u4e3a\u4e94\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684(\u751f\u7406)\u6027\u522b\u6b67\u89c6\u300d(Stern,2005:154)\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bb6\u5ead\u5173\u7cfb\u7814\u7a76\u6240(AIFR)\u662f\u4e0a\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e94\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u4eba\u53e3\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u63a8\u5e7f\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u4e3b\u4efb\u4fdd\u7f57\u00b7\u6ce2\u666e\u8bfa\u63d0\u5021\u4e00\u79cd\u300c\u4ee5\u5bb6\u5ead\u4e3a\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u3001\u63a8\u5d07\u751f\u7406\u6027\u522b\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u300d\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u300c\u7537\u6027\/\u5973\u6027\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u4eba\u7c7b\u95f4\u80fd\u591f\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5dee\u5f02\u300d\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\u3002\u8fd9\u5957\u7406\u5ff5\u57fa\u4e8e\u8fdb\u5316\u3001\u81ea\u7136\u548c\u9057\u4f20\u5b66(Stern,2005:155)\u3002\u5f53\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bb6\u5ead\u5173\u7cfb\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u5bf9\u6765\u8bbf\u8005\u8fdb\u884c\u8bc4\u4f30\u65f6\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u662f\u300c\u8861\u91cf\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u8ba4\u540c\u548c\u4e3e\u6b62\u662f\u5426\u4e0e\u5176\u89e3\u5256\u5b66\u7684\u751f\u7406\u6027\u522b\u4e00\u81f4\u300d(Stern,2005:167)\u3002\u968f\u540e\u6839\u636e\u5f53\u65f6\u7531\u300c\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u5b66\u3001\u5fc3\u7406\u6d4b\u91cf\u5b66\u3001\u5185\u5206\u6ccc\u5b66\u548c\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u300d\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u5bf9\u6765\u8bbf\u8005\u8fdb\u884c\u6cbb\u7597(Stern,2005:180)\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u5b9e\u8df5\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u6027\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u300c\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u300d\u548c\u300c\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u8ba4\u540c\u300d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u7528\u4e8e\u88ab\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u5b9a\u4e3a\u95f4\u6027\u513f\u7ae5\u4ee5\u53ca\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u6cbb\u7597\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u505a\u6cd5\u4e00\u76f4\u6301\u7eed\u5230\u4eca\u5929(Hausman,1995;Meyerowitz,2002)\u3002\u9884\u9632\u540c\u6027\u604b\u5e76\u6784\u5efa\u7a33\u56fa\u7684\u5f02\u6027\u604b\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u5316\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u3001\u513f\u7ae5\u548c\u6210\u4eba\u662f\u90a3\u65f6\u671f\u6027\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u52a8\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e00\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u5206\u652f\u7684\u5ef6\u7eed\u4e0d\u7981\u4ee4\u4eba\u4eec\u4ea7\u751f\u7591\u95ee\uff0c\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u8fd0\u52a8\u662f\u5426\u771f\u7684\u9000\u51fa\u5386\u53f2\u5e37\u5e55\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u300c\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u751f\u80b2\u300d\u7fa4\u4f53\u7edd\u80b2\u7684\u63a5\u53d7\u5ea6\u5df2\u7ecf\u964d\u4f4e\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u88ab\u8ba4\u5b9a\u4e3a\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u7684\u513f\u7ae5\u8fdb\u884c\u7edd\u80b2\u548c\u6027\u5916\u79d1\u624b\u672f\u7684\u63a5\u53d7\u5ea6\u5374\u65e5\u76ca\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u672c\u7ae0\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5c55\u793a\u7684\u3002\u62c9\u91d1\u7279(2008)\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u8fd0\u52a8\u6700\u7ec8\u6d88\u4ea1\u4e8e\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u516b\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u3002\u4ed6\u89e3\u91ca\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ece\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u8d77\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u82b1\u4e86\u6570\u5341\u5e74\u65f6\u95f4\u6765\u7ec8\u7ed3\u8fd9\u573a\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002\u5bf9\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u751f\u80b2\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u7edd\u80b2\u7684\u53cd\u5bf9\u58f0\u97f3\u6765\u81ea\u6c11\u6743\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u300c\u5173\u6ce8\u79cd\u65cf\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u3001\u6027\u53d6\u5411\u3001\u9636\u7ea7\u3001\u8eab\u4f53\u548c\u7cbe\u795e\u6b8b\u75be\u300d\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u5021\u5bfc\u56da\u72af\u548c\u7cbe\u795e\u5065\u5eb7\u60a3\u8005\u6743\u5229\u7684\u4eba\u4eec(Largent,2008:140)\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u5305\u62ec\u7f8e\u56fd\u5728\u5185\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u5bf9\u667a\u529b\u969c\u788d\u513f\u7ae5\u7edd\u80b2\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u4ecd\u5728\u7ee7\u7eed\u3002\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5728 1992 \u81f3 1997 \u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u533b\u9662\u6bcf\u5e74\u7ea6\u8fdb\u884c 200 \u4f8b\u5bf9\u5e74\u8f7b\u5973\u5b69\u7684\u7edd\u80b2\u624b\u672f(Brady and Grover,1997)\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u505a\u6cd5\u906d\u5230\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u6b8b\u969c\u5987\u5973\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5728\u5185\u7684\u6b8b\u969c\u6743\u5229\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u5f3a\u70c8\u53cd\u5bf9(WWDA,2007)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e00\u8f6e\u53cd\u5bf9\u5f3a\u8feb\u5973\u6027\u7edd\u80b2\u3001\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5176\u4fb5\u72af\u5987\u5973\u751f\u6b96\u6743\u5229\u7684\u4eba\u6743\u8fd0\u52a8\u6d6a\u6f6e\u6b63\u5728\u5174\u8d77\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u8fd0\u7528\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\u4e5f\u80fd\u7528\u4e8e\u53cd\u5bf9\u7ed9\u88ab\u8ba4\u5b9a\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u7684\u513f\u7ae5\u7edd\u80b2\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7ebd\u7ea6\u751f\u6b96\u6743\u5229\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5f3a\u5236\u7edd\u80b2\uff0c\u5373\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u5145\u5206\u548c\u975e\u53d7\u538b\u8feb\u540c\u610f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u7edd\u80b2\uff0c\u5e94\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u300c\u6b8b\u9177\u3001\u4e0d\u4eba\u9053\u6216\u4eba\u683c\u4fae\u8fb1\u7684\u5f85\u9047\u6216\u60e9\u7f5a\u300d(Center for Reproductive Rights,2010)\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e3b\u5f20\uff0c\u300c\u4e13\u5bb6\u4eec\u786e\u8ba4\uff0c\u672a\u7ecf\u77e5\u60c5\u540c\u610f\u6c38\u4e45\u5265\u593a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u6b96\u80fd\u529b\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5305\u62ec\u4e25\u91cd\u60b2\u75db\u548c\u6291\u90c1\u5728\u5185\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u521b\u4f24\u300d(Center for Reproductive Rights,2010:20)\u3002\u8be5\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u4eba\u6743\u7406\u4e8b\u4f1a\u66fe\u58f0\u660e\uff0c\u5f3a\u5236\u7edd\u80b2\u4fb5\u72af\u4e86\u300a\u56fd\u9645\u516c\u6c11\u53ca\u653f\u6cbb\u6743\u5229\u516c\u7ea6(ICCPR)\u300b\u6240\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u514d\u53d7\u300c\u9177\u5211\u548c\u6b8b\u5fcd\u3001\u4e0d\u4eba\u9053\u6216\u6709\u8fb1\u4eba\u683c\u7684\u5f85\u9047(CIDT)\u300d\u7684\u6743\u5229(Center for Reproductive Rights,2010:20)\u3002\u8be5\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8fd8\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u300a\u6d88\u9664\u5bf9\u5987\u5973\u4e00\u5207\u5f62\u5f0f\u6b67\u89c6\u516c\u7ea6(CEDAW)\u300b\u7684\u76d1\u7763\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u627f\u8ba4\uff0c\u5f3a\u5236\u7edd\u80b2\u4fb5\u72af\u4e86\u300c\u4eba\u7c7b\u5c0a\u4e25\u4ee5\u53ca\u8eab\u5fc3\u5065\u5168\u7684\u6743\u5229\u300d(Center for Reproductive Rights,2010:20)\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u968f\u4e4b\u6d6e\u73b0\uff1a\u5bf9\u8fdb\u884c\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u7684\u513f\u7ae5\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5f53\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7236\u6bcd\u3001\u533b\u7597\u4e13\u4e1a\u4eba\u5458\u548c\u6cd5\u9662\u90fd\u5728\u5021\u5bfc\u8fd9\u79cd\u6cbb\u7597\uff0c\u5e76\u544a\u8bc9\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fd9\u80fd\u51cf\u8f7b\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u75db\u82e6\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u591a\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u80fd\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u662f\u975e\u53d7\u80c1\u8feb\u7684\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:70px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6.7\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u513f\u7ae5\u7edd\u80b2\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u957f\u671f\u4e0d\u826f\u5065\u5eb7\u5f71\u54cd<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6784\u6210\u513f\u7ae5\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u5b9e\u8df5\u7684\u836f\u7269\u6cbb\u7597\u548c\u6027\u5916\u79d1\u624b\u672f\u9020\u6210\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u635f\u5bb3\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u751f\u6b96\u6743\u5229\u3001\u8eab\u4f53\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u548c\u672a\u6765\u5065\u5eb7\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u6781\u5176\u6709\u5bb3\u7684\u513f\u7ae5\u8650\u5f85\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u4eca\u5929\u513f\u7ae5\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u7684\u7edd\u80b2\u548c\u65e9\u671f\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u6027\u5916\u79d1\u624b\u672f\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u6027\u5916\u79d1\u624b\u672f\u901a\u5e38\u4ee5\u7edd\u80b2\u4e3a\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u5c06\u7edd\u80b2\u4f5c\u4e3a\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u9884\u9632\u624b\u6deb\u6216\u72af\u7f6a\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u548c\u5982\u4eca\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u4e3b\u4e49\u6d88\u9664\u4e0d\u53ef\u63a5\u53d7\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u7279\u6307\u4e0d\u9075\u5b88\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u65e9\u671f\uff0c\u7edd\u80b2\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u975e\u81ea\u613f\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4eca\u5929\u4f5c\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u8ba4\u540c\u969c\u788d\u6cbb\u7597\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u7edd\u80b2\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u89c6\u4f5c\u4e00\u4e2a\u60a3\u8005\u671f\u76fc\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u4e0d\u5e78\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u4f46\u5e94\u5f53\u8bb0\u4f4f\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u540c\u6027\u604b\u7537\u6027\uff0c\u786e\u5b9e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u52a8\u5bfb\u6c42\u6784\u6210\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u6027\u5916\u79d1\u624b\u672f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6b63\u5982\u5e03\u91cc\u5c14\u548c\u4f69\u73c0\u5173\u4e8e\u300c\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u300d\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u624b\u518c(2008)\u6240\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5728\u5ef6\u8fdf\u9752\u6625\u671f\u7684\u836f\u7269\u6cbb\u7597\u540e\uff0c\u5728\u5341\u516d\u5c81\u5f00\u59cb\u4f7f\u7528\u5f02\u6027\u8377\u5c14\u8499\uff0c\u5c06\u5bfc\u81f4\u7edd\u80b2\uff1a\u300c\u4e14\u672a\u5b8c\u5168\u7ecf\u5386\u7537\u6027\u9752\u6625\u671f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u4ece\u4fc3\u6027\u817a\u6fc0\u7d20\u91ca\u653e\u6fc0\u7d20\u6291\u5236\u5242(GnRH)\u8fc7\u6e21\u5230\u96cc\u6fc0\u7d20\u6cbb\u7597\uff0c\u5e94\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u653e\u5f03\u751f\u80b2\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u5bb6\u5ead\u548c\u513f\u7ae5\u5e94\u636e\u6b64\u63a5\u53d7\u54a8\u8be2\u8f85\u5bfc\u300d(Brill and Pepper,2008:216)\u3002\u5bf9\u5973\u5b69\u4eec\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u8377\u5c14\u8499\u6cbb\u7597\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4e5f\u662f\u7edd\u80b2\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u300c\u5375\u5b50\u76f4\u5230\u8eab\u4f53\u7ecf\u5386\u9752\u6625\u671f\u540e\u624d\u4f1a\u6210\u719f\u300d(ibid.)\u3002\u624b\u518c\u58f0\u79f0\uff0c\u751f\u80b2\u80fd\u529b\u95ee\u9898\u6bd4\u8d77\u300c\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u300d\u66f4\u4ee4\u7236\u6bcd\u56f0\u6270\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u524d\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u53ea\u7740\u773c\u4e8e\u77ed\u671f\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u601d\u8003\u9664\u5f53\u4e0b\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u66f4\u591a\u4e8b\u7269(Brill and Pepper,2008:220)\u3002\u624b\u518c\u8fd8\u5217\u4e3e\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u6cbb\u7597\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u4e25\u91cd\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u300c\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u7537\u6027(\u5973\u6027\u8eab\u4f53\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8005)\u5728\u6000\u5b55\u524d\u670d\u7528\u777e\u916e\u300d\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u5a74\u513f\u7684\u51fa\u751f\u7f3a\u9677(Brill and Pepper,2008:219)\u3002\u624b\u518c\u8fd8\u8b66\u544a\uff0c\u751f\u6b96\u5668\u624b\u672f\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e27\u5931\u6027\u611f\u53d7\uff0c\u5e76\u79f0\u5e74\u8f7b\u4eba\u6216\u8bb8\u65e0\u6cd5\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027 (Brill and Pepper,2008:220)\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u624b\u518c\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u300c\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u300d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4efb\u610f\u5e74\u9f84\u8fdb\u884c\u5305\u62ec\u5207\u9664\u777e\u4e38\u6216\u5207\u9664\u53cc\u4fa7\u4e73\u623f\u5728\u5185\u7684\u6027\u5916\u79d1\u624b\u672f\uff0c\u4e0d\u5fc5\u7b49\u5230\u5341\u516b\u5c81\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7236\u6bcd\u548c\u5916\u79d1\u533b\u751f\u7684\u540c\u610f\u5373\u53ef(ibid.)\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5efa\u8bae\u4f3c\u4e4e\u548c\u5bf9\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u96be\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u624b\u672f\u5bf9\u751f\u80b2\u548c\u6027\u6109\u60a6\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u8b66\u544a\u76f8\u77db\u76fe\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u5bb6\u4e8b\u6cd5\u5ead\u5728\u300c\u4e9a\u5386\u514b\u65af\u300d\u3001\u300c\u5e03\u9c81\u8fea\u300d\u548c\u300c\u6d01\u7c73\u300d\u7684\u6cbb\u7597\u6848\u4ef6\u4e2d\u90fd\u5c31\u7edd\u80b2\u95ee\u9898\u5c55\u5f00\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6848\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u6cd5\u5ead\u90fd\u6697\u793a\u513f\u7ae5\u6709\u5145\u8db3\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u529b\u6765\u505a\u51fa\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u7edd\u80b2\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\uff1b\u800c\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b8c\u5168\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7236\u6bcd\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u505a\u51fa\u6b64\u7c7b\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u5341\u5c81\u300c\u6d01\u7c73\u300d\u7684\u6848\u4ef6\u5224\u51b3\u89e3\u91ca\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6(\u6d01\u7c73)\u660e\u767d\u81ea\u5df1\u5c06\u53d8\u5f97\u4e0d\u80b2\uff0c\u4f46\u5224\u51b3\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee3\u8bcd\u548c\u751f\u7406\u6027\u522b\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u5341\u5206\u6709\u8da3\uff1a\u300c\u6d01\u7c73\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u5728\u5979\u957f\u5927\u540e\uff0c\u540e\u7eed\u7684\u5973\u6027\u8377\u5c14\u8499\u6cbb\u7597\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5979\u7684\u7cbe\u5b50\u751f\u6210\u80fd\u529b\u300d(Family Court of Australia,2011: 92)\u3002\u7136\u800c\u7531\u4e8e\u6d01\u7c73\u300c\u6ca1\u6709\u6210\u719f\u5230\u8db3\u4ee5\u5bf9\u5982\u6b64\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u8d1f\u8d23\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u300d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7236\u6bcd\u88ab\u7ed9\u4e88\u300c\u548c\u6d01\u7c73\u534f\u5546\u505a\u51fa\u6700\u7ec8\u51b3\u5b9a\u300d\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u513f\u7ae5\u4e5f\u5f88\u96be\u5bf9\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u300c\u6cbb\u7597\u300d\u4e2d\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u6709\u5bb3\u836f\u7269\u4f7f\u7528\u7ed9\u4e88\u77e5\u60c5\u540c\u610f\u3002\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u5ef6\u8fdf\u513f\u7ae5\u9752\u6625\u671f\u7684\u836f\u7269\u662f\u5362\u666e\u9686(Lupron)\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u83b7\u6279\u7528\u4e8e\u6cbb\u7597\u524d\u5217\u817a\u764c\u7684\u836f\u7269\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u4f53\u5916\u6388\u7cbe(IVF)\u548c\u6cbb\u7597\u5973\u6027\u5b50\u5bab\u5185\u819c\u5f02\u4f4d\u75c7\u3002\u5987\u5973\u5065\u5eb7\u6d3b\u52a8\u4eba\u58eb\u5bf9\u8be5\u836f\u7269\u7684\u4e25\u91cd\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\u6108\u53d1\u62c5\u5fe7\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u548c\u513f\u7ae5\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6700\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u9aa8\u5bc6\u5ea6\u4e0b\u964d\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5973\u6027\u5728\u6cbb\u7597\u671f\u95f4\u9aa8\u5bc6\u5ea6\u635f\u5931\u9ad8\u8fbe 7.3%(Flin,2008)\u3002\u8be5\u836f\u7269\u8fd8\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5a74\u513f\u7684\u51fa\u751f\u7f3a\u9677\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u6709\u6000\u5b55\u53ef\u80fd\u65f6\u7981\u7528\u3002\u6570\u5343\u540d\u60a3\u8005\u5411\u7f8e\u56fd\u98df\u54c1\u836f\u54c1\u76d1\u7763\u7ba1\u7406\u5c40(FDA)\u62a5\u544a\u7684\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u523a\u75db\u3001\u7619\u75d2\u3001\u5934\u75db\u548c\u504f\u5934\u75db\u3001\u5934\u6655\u3001\u4e25\u91cd\u5173\u8282\u75bc\u75db\u3001\u547c\u5438\u56f0\u96be\u3001\u80f8\u75db\u3001\u6076\u5fc3\u3001\u6291\u90c1\u3001\u60c5\u7eea\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u3001\u89c6\u529b\u6a21\u7cca\u3001\u6655\u53a5\u3001\u865a\u5f31\u3001\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4e27\u5931\u3001\u9ad8\u8840\u538b\u3001\u808c\u8089\u75bc\u75db\u3001\u9aa8\u75db\u3001\u6076\u5fc3\/\u5455\u5410\u3001\u54ee\u5598\u3001\u8179\u75db\u3001\u5931\u7720\u3001\u6162\u884c\u7532\u72b6\u817a\u80bf\u5927\u3001\u809d\u529f\u80fd\u5f02\u5e38\u3001\u89c6\u529b\u5f02\u5e38\u3001\u7126\u8651\u7b49(Flin,2008)\u3002\u5c06\u6b64\u836f\u7528\u4e8e\u5ef6\u8fdf\u513f\u7ae5\u9752\u6625\u671f\u5c5e\u4e8e\u300c\u672a\u83b7\u6279\u51c6\u7528\u9014\u300d\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5b83\u5c1a\u672a\u83b7\u6279\u7528\u4e8e\u6b64\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5371\u9669\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6027\u505a\u6cd5\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u5177\u6709\u6f5c\u5728\u5371\u5bb3\u7684\u836f\u7269\u6765\u6cbb\u7597\u8eab\u4f53\u5b8c\u5168\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u513f\u7ae5\u5c24\u5176\u6210\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u4ed6\u4eec\u552f\u4e00\u88ab\u8ba4\u5b9a\u7684\u7f3a\u70b9\u662f\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5177\u5907\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0d\u53ef\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5bf9\u513f\u7ae5\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u5316\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6781\u5176\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u540e\u679c\u662f\u5f53\u4ed6\u4eec\u6539\u53d8\u4e3b\u610f\u65f6\u53ef\u80fd\u906d\u53d7\u7684\u75db\u82e6\u3002\u4e00\u540d\u82f1\u56fd\u7537\u5b69\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u540e\u6094\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u7684\u5178\u578b\u4ee3\u8868\uff0c\u5145\u5206\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u8be5\u5b9e\u8df5\u7684\u5371\u5bb3\u30022012\u5e74\uff0c\u5e03\u62c9\u5fb7\u5229\u00b7\u5e93\u73c0\u5728\u5207\u9664\u9634\u830e\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u6708\u524d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7537\u540c\u6027\u604b\u8005\u516c\u5f00\u51fa\u67dc\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u5341\u516d\u5c81\u5f00\u59cb\u8377\u5c14\u8499\u6cbb\u7597\u65f6\uff0c\u66fe\u88ab\u8d5e\u8a89\u4e3a\u82f1\u56fd\u6700\u5e74\u8f7b\u7684\u300c\u53d8\u6027\u60a3\u8005\u300d\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u56fd\u6c11\u533b\u7597\u670d\u52a1\u4f53\u7cfb\u540c\u610f\u5728\u4ed6\u5341\u516b\u5c81\u65f6\u4e3a\u4ed6\u652f\u4ed8\u4e00\u4e07\u82f1\u9551\u7684\u9634\u830e\u5207\u9664\u624b\u672f\u8d39\u7528(Schlesinger,2010)\u3002\u968f\u540e\u5e03\u62c9\u5fb7\u5229\u4ee5\u300c\u745e\u5a05\u300d\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u73b0\u8eab\u67d0\u8bbf\u8c08\u8282\u76ee\u5e76\u6536\u83b7\u4e00\u5b9a\u77e5\u540d\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u5341\u516b\u5c81\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u4e3b\u610f\u3002\u8fd9\u4f4d\u5e74\u8f7b\u7684\u53d1\u578b\u5e08\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u4ed6\u5341\u4e8c\u5c81\u65f6\u5f00\u59cb\u7a7f\u5973\u88c5\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u4ed6\u4f1a\u300c\u501f\u6bcd\u4eb2\u7684\u53e3\u7ea2\uff0c\u7a7f\u4e09\u4e2a\u59d0\u59d0\u7684\u8863\u670d\u300d\u3002\u5728\u5168\u5929\u5019\u4ee5\u5973\u6027\u8eab\u4efd\u751f\u6d3b\u4e0d\u5230\u4e00\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u5e03\u62c9\u5fb7\u5229\u56e0\u4e25\u91cd\u5fc3\u7406\u56f0\u6270\u51b3\u5b9a\u53bb\u8f6c\u53d8\u3002\u4ed6\u53d6\u6d88\u4e86\u751f\u7406\u6027\u522b\u91cd\u7f6e\u624b\u672f(SRS)\u5e76\u53eb\u505c\u8377\u5c14\u8499\u6cbb\u7597\uff0c\u8bf4\u300c\u5979\u53d1\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u5316\u8ba9\u5979\u96be\u4ee5\u627f\u53d7\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8ba9\u5979\u6df1\u611f\u4e0d\u5feb\u4e50\u300d(ibid.)\u3002\u5e03\u62c9\u5fb7\u5229\u5728\u5f00\u59cb\u8f6c\u53d8\u524d\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u8bc4\u4f30\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u5e74\u6cbb\u7597\u4e2d\u4ed6\u4e24\u6b21\u8bd5\u56fe\u81ea\u6740\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u81ea\u6740\u5f52\u56e0\u4e8e\u8377\u5c14\u8499\u6cbb\u7597\u5f15\u53d1\u7684\u60c5\u7eea\u6ce2\u52a8\u548c\u300c\u6211\u611f\u5230\u5b64\u72ec\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6211\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u8ba9\u5bb6\u4eba\u758f\u8fdc\u6211\u300d\u7684\u75db\u82e6(Winter,2012)\u3002\u5e03\u62c9\u5fb7\u5229\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u53d8\u5f97\u975e\u5e38\u5b64\u72ec\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4e3a\u4e86\u5bfb\u6c42\u966a\u4f34\u4ece\u4e8b\u5356\u6deb\u3002\u5728\u51b3\u5b9a\u53bb\u8f6c\u53d8\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u5931\u4e1a\u53c8\u65e0\u5bb6\u53ef\u5f52\uff0c\u7761\u5728\u670b\u53cb\u5bb6\u7684\u5730\u677f\u4e0a\u3002\u5e03\u62c9\u5fb7\u5229\u5e0c\u671b\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u540d\u540c\u6027\u604b\u7537\u6027\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u5efa\u7acb\u4eb2\u5bc6\u5173\u7cfb\uff1a\u300e\u5979\u76f8\u4fe1\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u540d\u300c\u65f6\u5c1a\u300d\u7684\u540c\u6027\u604b\u7537\u6027\uff0c\u5979\u7684\u7231\u60c5\u4e4b\u8def\u4f1a\u66f4\u987a\u5229\u300f(ibid.)\u3002\u5e03\u62c9\u5fb7\u5229\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u660e\u786e\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u5b66\u5bb6\u65e0\u6cd5\u786e\u5b9a\u6b63\u5728\u5904\u7406\u7684\u513f\u7ae5\u662f\u5426\u771f\u7684\u662f\u300c\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u300d\uff0c\u800c\u4ed6\u906d\u53d7\u7684\u6781\u5176\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u4f24\u5bb3\u5e94\u5f53\u8ba9\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u300c\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u7126\u8651\u300d\u6574\u4e2a\u7406\u8bba\u4f53\u7cfb\u4ea7\u751f\u6000\u7591\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:70px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6.8\u672c\u7ae0\u7ed3\u8bba<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u4e8c\u5341\u4e00\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u5f53\u51fa\u4e8e\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u3001\u60e9\u7f5a\u548c\u6cbb\u7597\u76ee\u7684\u5bf9\u300c\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u751f\u80b2\u8005\u300d\u5b9e\u65bd\u6027\u5916\u79d1\u624b\u672f\u88ab\u5e9f\u6b62\u7684\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u5374\u9488\u5bf9\u5728\u90a3\u4e9b\u88ab\u8ba4\u5b9a\u4e3a\u5929\u751f\u300c\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u300d\u7684\u513f\u7ae5\u65e5\u76ca\u5c55\u5f00\u2014\u2014\u53ea\u56e0\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fdd\u80cc\u4e86\u6587\u5316\u8ba4\u53ef\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u89d2\u8272\u89c4\u8303\u3002\u4e00\u573a\u5f3a\u5236\u5c06\u513f\u7ae5\u56f0\u5728\u50f5\u5316\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u8303\u7574\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5de5\u7a0b\u6b63\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u5f53\u628a\u6027\u5916\u79d1\u624b\u672f\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u548c\u5f53\u4ee3\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u5b9e\u8df5\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u6765\u66f4\u6279\u5224\u5730\u770b\u5f85\u5982\u4eca\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u3002\u5317\u7f8e\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u4f0a\u6069\u00b7\u9053\u6bd4\u91d1\uff0c\u5728\u8c08\u5230\u533b\u5b66\u754c\u5bf9\u300c\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u751f\u80b2\u8005\u300d\u8fdb\u884c\u7edd\u80b2\u65f6\u91c7\u7eb3\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u80fd\u7528\u5728\u4eca\u5929\u5bf9\u513f\u7ae5\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e0a\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u4e8e\u4eba\u6027\u8106\u5f31\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u8bb2\u8ff0\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u5728\u7167\u987e\u60c5\u611f\u548c\u667a\u529b\u6b8b\u75be\u8005\u7684\u8270\u5de8\u6311\u6218\u9762\u524d\uff0c\u8bc9\u8bf8\u6781\u7aef\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u5b9e\u8df5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7537\u5973\u4e2d\uff0c\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u90fd\u575a\u4fe1\u81ea\u5df1\u7edd\u5bf9\u6b63\u786e\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u4ed6\u4eec\u672c\u8be5\u77e5\u9053\u5f97\u66f4\u591a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\">\u2014\u2014Dowbiggin,1997:x<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u513f\u7ae5\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u5b9e\u8df5\u548c\u65e9\u671f\u6027\u5916\u79d1\u624b\u672f\u5386\u53f2\u76f8\u4f3c\u4e4b\u5904\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u8fdb\u6b65\u4eba\u58eb\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u8bb8\u591a\u5973\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\uff0c\u90fd\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5408\u7406\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5c1a\u672a\u5bf9\u6b64\u5f00\u5c55\u6279\u5224\u3002\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u8981\u6709\u6548\u6311\u6218\u513f\u7ae5\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c\u5973\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u7406\u8bba\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u65b0\u627e\u56de\u6279\u5224\u533b\u5b66\u3001\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u5b66\u4ee5\u53ca\u6027\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5982\u4f55\u5bf9\u5f85\u4e0d\u9075\u4ece\u793e\u4f1a\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr 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Society)\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u56e2\u4f53\u548c\u667a\u56ca\u56e2\u3002\u6210\u7acb\u4e8e1884\u5e74\uff0c\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u8fdb\u6b65\u4e3b\u4e49\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u4ee3\u8868\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u8d39\u8fb9\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u6210\u5458\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u901a\u8fc7\u6e10\u8fdb\u3001\u975e\u66b4\u529b\u65b9\u5f0f\u5b9e\u73b0\u793e\u4f1a\u53d8\u9769\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f20\u653f\u5e9c\u5e72\u9884\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u6765\u6539\u5584\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u548c\u63d0\u9ad8\u7a77\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u6c34\u5e73\u3002\u8be5\u56e2\u4f53\u5f97\u540d\u4e8e\u7f57\u9a6c\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u8d39\u8fb9\u3002\u8d39\u8fb9\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u6210\u5458\u5305\u62ec\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e54\u6cbb\u00b7\u4f2f\u7eb3\u5fb7\u00b7\u8096\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u6885\u7eb3\u5fb7\u00b7\u51ef\u6069\u65af\u7b49\u77e5\u540d\u4eba\u58eb\u3002 <a 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