{"id":499,"date":"2025-12-16T15:16:25","date_gmt":"2025-12-16T07:16:25","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/43.154.128.27\/?p=499"},"modified":"2025-12-19T22:21:33","modified_gmt":"2025-12-19T14:21:33","slug":"%e3%80%8a%e6%80%a7%e5%88%ab%e4%b9%8b%e7%97%9b%e3%80%8b%e7%ac%ac%e5%85%ad%e7%ab%a0%ef%bc%9a%e7%a4%be%e4%bc%9a%e6%80%a7%e5%88%ab%e4%bc%98%e7%94%9f%e5%ad%a6-%e5%84%bf%e7%ab%a5%e8%b7%a8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/43.154.128.27\/index.php\/2025\/12\/16\/%e3%80%8a%e6%80%a7%e5%88%ab%e4%b9%8b%e7%97%9b%e3%80%8b%e7%ac%ac%e5%85%ad%e7%ab%a0%ef%bc%9a%e7%a4%be%e4%bc%9a%e6%80%a7%e5%88%ab%e4%bc%98%e7%94%9f%e5%ad%a6-%e5%84%bf%e7%ab%a5%e8%b7%a8\/","title":{"rendered":"\u300a\u6027\u522b\u4e4b\u75db\u300b|\u7b2c\u516d\u7ae0\uff1a\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u2014\u2014\u513f\u7ae5\u8de8\u6027\u522b(1\/2)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div style=\"height:0px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:70px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u672c\u6587\u5171\u8ba1 8994 \u5b57\uff0c\u9884\u8ba1\u9700\u8981 23 \u5206\u949f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:70px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7537\u6027\u4e3b\u5bfc\u7684\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e3b\u6d41\u5316\u4e2d\u6700\u4ee4\u4eba\u4e0d\u5b89\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5371\u5bb3\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5bf9\u513f\u7ae5\u5b9e\u65bd\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u79cd\u505a\u6cd5\u5728\u58a8\u5c14\u672c\u548c\u591a\u4f26\u591a\u7b49\u5927\u57ce\u5e02\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u5bf9\u513f\u7ae5\u5b9e\u65bd\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u7684\u6c1b\u56f4\u4e0b\u65e5\u76ca\u5e38\u6001\u5316\uff0c\u4f46\u5a92\u4f53\u548c\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u5bf9\u5176\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6279\u8bc4\u3002\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u7406\u89e3\u8be5\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u7684\u6700\u597d\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5c06\u5176\u548c\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u5b9e\u8df5\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\uff0c\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u5b9e\u8df5\u91c7\u7528\u6027\u5916\u79d1\u624b\u672f(Largent,2008)\u548c\u836f\u7269\u6cbb\u7597\u6765\u7ea0\u6b63\u300c\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u751f\u80b2\u8005\u300d\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u5728\u4e0a\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u53f6\u91c7\u7528\u5bb6\u5ead\u54a8\u8be2(Stern,2005)\u6765\u89c4\u8303\u60a3\u8005\u7684\u751f\u7406\u6027\u522b(sex)\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b(gender)\u3002\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u5728\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\uff0c\u5e74\u4ec5\u5341\u5c81\u7684\u513f\u7ae5\u56e0\u88ab\u8bca\u65ad\u4e3a\u300c\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u8ba4\u540c\u969c\u788d\u300d\u5728\u5bb6\u5ead\u6cd5\u5ead\u7684\u9ed8\u8bb8\u4e0b\u88ab\u8981\u6c42\u670d\u7528\u9752\u6625\u671f\u5ef6\u8fdf\u836f\u7269\uff0c\u9884\u8ba1\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c06\u5728\u5341\u516d\u5c81\u4f7f\u7528\u5f02\u6027\u8377\u5c14\u8499\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5341\u516b\u5c81\u65f6\u63a5\u53d7\u624b\u672f\u5207\u9664\u6027\u5f81(Jeffreys,2006;Owens,2011)\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u4f4d\u4e8e\u8be5\u5b9e\u8df5\u524d\u6cbf\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e5f\u5728\u8fce\u5934\u8ffd\u8d76\u30022009\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u5fb7\u56fd\uff0c\u4e00\u540d\u5341\u516d\u5c81\u7537\u5b69\u88ab\u5207\u9664\u751f\u6b96\u5668\u6765\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u300c\u5973\u5b69\u300d(The Telegraph,2009)\uff1b2011\u5e744\u6708\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u540c\u610f\u542f\u52a8\u5bf9\u5341\u4e8c\u5c81\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u4f7f\u7528\u9752\u6625\u671f\u5ef6\u8fdf\u836f\u7269\u7684\u8bd5\u9a8c(Alleyne,2011)\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u505a\u6cd5\u4f1a\u4f7f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u513f\u7ae5\u7edd\u80b2\u3002\u4ee4\u4eba\u60ca\u8bb6\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u513f\u7ae5\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6279\u5224\u6027\u5973\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u6587\u732e\uff0c\u672c\u7ae0\u65e8\u5728\u5f25\u8865\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e0d\u8db3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u6027\u5916\u79d1\u624b\u672f\u548c\u836f\u7269\u6cbb\u7597\u4e0e\u73b0\u5728\u5bf9\u513f\u7ae5\u5b9e\u65bd\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u76f8\u4f3c\u4e4b\u5904\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u5bf9\u5176\u9010\u4e00\u8003\u5bdf\u3002\u6700\u663e\u8457\u76f8\u4f3c\u4e4b\u5904\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u4e24\u79cd\u5b9e\u8df5\u80cc\u540e\u90fd\u9690\u85cf\u7740\u793e\u4f1a\u5de5\u7a0b\u9879\u76ee\u3002\u4e24\u79cd\u5b9e\u8df5\u90fd\u57fa\u4e8e\u540c\u4e00\u7406\u5ff5\uff0c\u5373\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u884c\u4e3a\u5177\u5907\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6539\u53d8\u548c\u5f71\u54cd\u6027\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u6cbb\u7597\u6765\u300c\u6cbb\u6108\u300d\u3002\u5728\u4e0a\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e0a\u534a\u53f6\uff0c\u5317\u7f8e\u548c\u6b27\u6d32\u66fe\u63a8\u884c\u793e\u4f1a\u5de5\u7a0b\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u901a\u8fc7\u7edd\u80b2\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u63a7\u5236\u6216\u6d88\u9664\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5e95\u5c42\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u2014\u2014\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u5356\u6deb\u5973\u3001\u7f6a\u72af\u3001\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u300c\u5409\u666e\u8d5b\u4eba\u300d\u7684\u4eba\u3001\u9053\u5fb7\u7f3a\u9677\u8005\u3001\u5973\u540c\u6027\u604b\u8005\u548c\u7537\u540c\u6027\u604b\u8005\u2014\u2014\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u300c\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u751f\u80b2\u300d\u7684\u4eba\u7fa4(Dowbiggin,1997;Lucassen,2010)\u3002\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u9488\u5bf9\u513f\u7ae5\u548c\u6210\u4eba\u65bd\u884c\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5de9\u56fa\u6b63\u786e\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u5316\u4e14\u5f02\u6027\u604b\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u516c\u6c11\u6765\u6d88\u9664\u4e0d\u9075\u4ece\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u4e24\u79cd\u5b9e\u8df5\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u4e4b\u5904\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u5176\u6cbb\u7597\u7406\u5ff5\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u90fd\u6765\u81ea\u6027\u5b66\u5bb6\u6216\u6027\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u5185\u5206\u6ccc\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f8\u4f3c\u4e4b\u5904\u5728\u4e8e\u6027\u5916\u79d1\u624b\u672f\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u7fa4\u4f53\uff0c\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u5bb6\u66fe\u5c06\u5973\u540c\u6027\u604b\u8005\u548c\u7537\u540c\u6027\u604b\u8005\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6cbb\u7597\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u800c\u5982\u4eca\u6709\u540c\u6027\u6027\u53d6\u5411\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u5728\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u6210\u4e3a\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u5916\u79d1\u624b\u672f\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b9e\u8df5\u7684\u5173\u8054\u6027\u8fd8\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u66fe\u5f97\u5230\u63a8\u8fdb\u5176\u4ed6\u8fdb\u6b65\u8bae\u7a0b\u7684\u4eba\u58eb\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u7684\u6027\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u90e8\u5206\u5973\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u3002\u5bf9\u5f53\u4e0b\u7684\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u5b9e\u8df5\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u60c5\u51b5\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5b83\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u5de6\u7ffc\u4eba\u58eb\u548c\u5973\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7fa4\u4f53\u8fc4\u4eca\u4e3a\u6b62\u5bf9\u513f\u7ae5\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u95ee\u9898\u5c1a\u672a\u7ed9\u4e88\u5145\u5206\u5173\u6ce8\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u672c\u7ae0\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u5c06\u9996\u5148\u63cf\u8ff0\u5f53\u524d\u5bf9\u513f\u7ae5\u5b9e\u65bd\u53d8\u6027\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u5bb6\u5ead\u6cd5\u9662\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u8fdb\u884c\u8f85\u52a9\u8bf4\u660e\u3002\u968f\u540e\u5c06\u5bf9\u4f20\u7edf\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u4e0e\u513f\u7ae5\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u65b0\u578b\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:70px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6.1\u513f\u7ae5\u8de8\u6027\u522b<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u513f\u7ae5\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u5b9e\u8df5\u662f\u6210\u4eba\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u5b9e\u8df5\u65e5\u76ca\u5e38\u6001\u5316\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u5229\u76ca\u7fa4\u4f53\u5728\u63a8\u52a8\u513f\u7ae5\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8fd0\u52a8\uff1a\u5b8c\u6210\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u7684\u6210\u5e74\u7537\u6027\uff0c\u548c\u90e8\u5206\u6027\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5185\u5206\u6ccc\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002\u8981\u6c42\u5bf9\u88ab\u8ba4\u5b9a\u4e3a\u300c\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u300d\u7684\u513f\u7ae5\u8fdb\u884c\u65e9\u671f\u5e72\u9884\u548c\u6cbb\u7597\u7684\u547c\u58f0\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u7531\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8005\u6743\u76ca\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7275\u5934\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u82f1\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u8ba4\u540c\u7814\u7a76\u4e0e\u6559\u80b2\u534f\u4f1a(GIRES)\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u7684\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u535a\u5ba2\u4f5c\u8005\u517c\u6d3b\u52a8\u4eba\u58eb\uff0c\u5982\u535a\u5ba2\u52b3\u62c9\u6e38\u4e50\u573a(Laura&#8217;s Playground)\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u52b3\u62c9(Laura,n.d.)\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7537\u6027\u8eab\u4f53\u7684\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u6d3b\u52a8\u4eba\u58eb\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u4eba\u751f\u540e\u671f\uff0c\u5373\u56db\u5341\u5c81\u4e4b\u540e\u624d\u8fdb\u884c\u8f6c\u53d8\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6210\u5e74\u7537\u6027\u7684\u9aa8\u9abc\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u8eab\u9ad8\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f88\u96be\u4ee5\u5973\u6027\u8eab\u4efd\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u65e9\u671f\u5e72\u9884\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u80fd\u9884\u9632\u4ed6\u4eec\u773c\u4e2d\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u300c\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u300d\u513f\u7ae5\u7ecf\u5386\u9752\u6625\u671f\u548c\u968f\u4e4b\u800c\u6765\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u5316\u4f1a\u4f7f\u65e5\u540e\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u66f4\u52a0\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6602\u8d35\u4e14\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u624b\u672f\u624d\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u53ef\u4fe1\u4e14\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u5f02\u6027\u62df\u50cf\u3002\u8fd9\u9879\u6e38\u8bf4\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\uff0cGIRES \u4e0e\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8005\u652f\u6301\u7ec4\u7ec7 Mermaids \u57282005\u5e74\u8054\u5408\u4e3e\u529e\u4e00\u573a\u300c\u56fd\u9645\u4e13\u9898\u7814\u8ba8\u4f1a\u300d\uff0c\u4ee5\u5e94\u5bf9\u533b\u5b66\u754c\u5185\u90e8\u5bf9\u6cbb\u7597\u513f\u7ae5\u8fd9\u4e00\u7406\u5ff5\u7684\u5f3a\u70c8\u62b5\u5236\u3002\u8be5\u7814\u8ba8\u4f1a\u9762\u5411\u300c\u4e3a\u7ecf\u5386\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u504f\u5dee(gender variance)\u7684\u513f\u7ae5\u548c\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u63d0\u4f9b\u62a4\u7406\u7684\u533b\u751f\u300d\uff0cGIRES \u548c Mermaids\u300c\u4e0e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e13\u4e1a\u4eba\u58eb\u4fdd\u6301\u5bc6\u5207\u8054\u7cfb\u300d(Department of Health,2008)\u3002\u65e9\u5728\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u57c3\u91cc\u514b\u68ee\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u5c31\u66fe\u4ee3\u8868\u6210\u5e74\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8005\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u5b8c\u5168\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u6e38\u8bf4\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u4e89\u53d6\u533b\u5b66\u754c\u7684\u652f\u6301(Billings and Urban,1982)\u3002\u7531 GIRES \u7275\u5934\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u8fd0\u52a8\u57282009\u5e74\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u4e00\u9879\u91cd\u5927\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u5185\u5206\u6ccc\u5b66\u4f1a\u53d1\u5e03\u4e00\u4efd\u6307\u5bfc\u8349\u6848\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u5bf9\u4e8e\u88ab\u8ba4\u5b9a\u4e3a\u300c\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u300d\u7684\u513f\u7ae5\uff0c\u6700\u665a\u5e94\u4ece\u5341\u4e8c\u5c81\u8d77\u63a5\u53d7\u836f\u7269\u6cbb\u7597\u6765\u63a8\u8fdf\u9752\u6625\u671f(Endocrine Society,2009)\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5efa\u8bae\u4e3b\u8981\u57fa\u4e8e\u8377\u5170\u4e00\u95f4\u8bca\u6240\u7684\u6cbb\u7597\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u8be5\u8bca\u6240\u957f\u671f\u4e3a\u5341\u516d\u5c81\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u4eba\u7fa4\u5f00\u5177\u9752\u6625\u671f\u963b\u65ad\u5242\u3002\u8be5\u6307\u5357\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u300c\u7b26\u5408\u6027\u522b\u91cd\u7f6e\u8d44\u683c\u548c\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\uff0c\u5e94\u9996\u5148\u63a5\u53d7\u6cbb\u7597\u6765\u6291\u5236\u9752\u6625\u671f\u53d1\u80b2\u300d\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fd8\u300c\u5efa\u8bae\u300d\uff0c\u5728\u5341\u516d\u5c81\u5de6\u53f3\u901a\u8fc7\u9010\u6b65\u589e\u52a0\u5f02\u6027\u7c7b\u56fa\u9187\u5242\u91cf\uff0c\u6765\u5f00\u542f\u4e2a\u4f53\u671f\u671b\u7684\u3001\u5f02\u6027\u9752\u6625\u671f\u53d1\u80b2(Endocrine Society,2009:4)\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5efa\u8bae\u5728\u513f\u7ae5\u5b8c\u6210\u4ee5\u7406\u60f3\u751f\u7406\u6027\u522b\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u300c\u771f\u5b9e\u751f\u6d3b\u4f53\u9a8c\u300d\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5176\u8f6c\u4ecb\u624b\u672f\uff0c\u4f46\u300c\u5efa\u8bae\u300d\u624b\u672f\u5e94\u63a8\u8fdf\u5230\u513f\u7ae5\u300c\u81f3\u5c11\u5341\u516b\u5c81\u300d\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><br>\u5bf9\u7528\u836f\u7269\u5ef6\u8fdf\u513f\u7ae5\u9752\u6625\u671f\u7684\u538b\u529b\u540c\u6837\u6765\u81ea\u90e8\u5206\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u8ba4\u540c\u8bca\u6240\u7684\u4e13\u4e1a\u4eba\u58eb\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6ce2\u58eb\u987f\u513f\u7ae5\u533b\u9662\u751f\u7406\u6027\u522b\u5206\u5316\u969c\u788d(DSD)\u8bca\u6240\u7684\u5185\u5206\u6ccc\u5b66\u5bb6\u517c\u8054\u5408\u4e3b\u4efb\u8bfa\u66fc\u00b7\u65af\u5e15\u514b\uff0c\u66fe\u5bf9\u8fdb\u884c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6cbb\u7597\u8868\u8fbe\u51fa\u4e0d\u9002\u5b9c\u7684\u8fc7\u5ea6\u70ed\u60c5\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u6ca1\u9519\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ecd\u5904\u4e8e\u5341\u5b57\u8def\u53e3\uff0c\u5bf9\u5e94\u7528\u8377\u5170\u9752\u6625\u671f\u6291\u5236\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u524d\u666f\u5782\u6d8e\u6b32\u6ef4\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u5373\u6ca1\u6709\u4fdd\u9669\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u8bb8\u53ef\u652f\u4ed8\u6602\u8d35\u836f\u7269\uff0c\u4e5f\u7f3a\u4e4f\u533b\u7597\u548c\u7cbe\u795e\u536b\u751f\u754c\u7684\u538b\u529b\u6765\u8981\u6c42\u8fd9\u4e48\u505a\u3002\u7236\u6bcd\u4eec\u7684\u632b\u8d25\u611f\u6b63\u5728\u4e0a\u5347\uff0c\u800c\u77e5\u9053\u80fd\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5728\u52a0\u5267\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u7eea\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\">\u2014\u2014Spack,2008:xi<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u65af\u5e15\u514b\u5f53\u7136\u77e5\u9053\u80fd\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u4ed6\u5e0c\u671b\u62e5\u6709\u66f4\u5927\u81ea\u7531\u6765\u6309\u7167\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7684\u9002\u5f53\u65b9\u5f0f\u6cbb\u7597\u513f\u7ae5\u3002\u4ed6\u662f2009\u5e74\u5185\u5206\u6ccc\u5b66\u4f1a\u6307\u5357\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u8be5\u6307\u5357\u63a8\u8350\u513f\u7ae5\u8fdb\u884c\u5ef6\u8fdf\u9752\u6625\u671f\u7684\u836f\u7269\u6cbb\u7597\u3002\u65af\u5e15\u514b\u8bca\u6240\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4f4d\u4e13\u5bb6\uff0c\u4e00\u4f4d\u300c\u513f\u79d1\u5185\u5206\u6ccc\u5b66\u5bb6\u300d\uff0c\u4e8e2012\u5e749\u6708\u88ab\u6307\u63a7\u6301\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u513f\u7ae5\u8272\u60c5\u5236\u54c1(Herald Staff,2012)\u3002\u68c0\u5bdf\u5b98\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u8ba1\u5212\u8bc1\u660e\u8be5\u7537\u5b50\u300c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5bf9\u513f\u7ae5\u6709\u957f\u671f\u6027\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u524d\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u786e\u5b9e\u8ba4\u4e3a\u88ab\u544a\u5bf9\u793e\u533a\u5b89\u5168\u6784\u6210\u5de8\u5927\u5a01\u80c1\u300d\u3002\u90a3\u4e9b\u4ece\u4e8b\u513f\u7ae5\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u6cbb\u7597\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5728\u52a8\u673a\u548c\u80fd\u529b\u65b9\u9762\u63a5\u53d7\u66f4\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u76d1\u7ba1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u968f\u7740\u6e38\u8bf4\u56e2\u4f53\u548c\u6027\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u63a8\u52a8\u513f\u7ae5\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8fd0\u52a8\u53d6\u5f97\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5927\u7684\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u300c\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u300d\u513f\u7ae5\u5bb6\u957f\u7684\u5728\u7ebf\u975e\u653f\u5e9c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5f00\u59cb\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u5e76\u51fa\u7248\u76f8\u5173\u6307\u5bfc\u4e66\u7c4d\u3002\u90a3\u4e9b\u4ee5\u8bc6\u522b\u548c\u6cbb\u7597\u300c\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u300d\u513f\u7ae5\u8c0b\u751f\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u6b63\u901a\u8fc7\u64b0\u5199\u4e66\u7c4d\u5c06\u8be5\u5b9e\u8df5\u5e38\u6001\u5316\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u672c\u6765\u81ea\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u300c\u624b\u518c\u300d\u662f\u300a\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u513f\u7ae5(The Transgender Child)\u300b\uff0c\u7531\u65af\u8482\u82ac\u59ae\u00b7\u5e03\u91cc\u5c14\u548c\u745e\u79cb\u00b7\u4f69\u73c0\u5408\u8457\uff0c\u8be5\u4e66\u65e8\u5728\u6307\u5bfc\u7236\u6bcd\u8bc6\u522b\u5b69\u5b50\u662f\u5426\u662f\u300c\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u7684\u300d\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4ed6\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u63a5\u53d7\u4e13\u4e1a\u5e2e\u52a9(Brill and Pepper,2008)\u3002\u65af\u8482\u82ac\u59ae\u00b7\u5e03\u91cc\u5c14\u81ea\u79f0\u662f\u7537\u6027\u5316\u5973\u540c\u6027\u604b\u8005\u548c\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u793e\u533a\u7684\u4e00\u5458(St. John,2010)\uff0c\u5979\u662f\u4e00\u540d\u300c\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u6559\u80b2\u8005\u300d\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u8c31\u7cfb\u6559\u80b2\u4e0e\u57f9\u8bad\u521b\u59cb\u4eba(Gender Spectrum,n.d.)\uff0c\u8be5\u673a\u6784\u4e3a\u300c\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u504f\u5dee\u300d\u7684\u513f\u7ae5\u548c\u7236\u6bcd\u63d0\u4f9b\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u5b66\u6821\u8bbe\u8ba1\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u57f9\u8bad\u8bfe\u7a0b\u3002\u745e\u79cb\u00b7\u4f69\u73c0\u5728\u4e66\u5c01\u4e0a\u88ab\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u4e00\u4f4d\u4e13\u95e8\u4ece\u4e8b\u300c\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u504f\u5dee\u300d\u7684\u6cbb\u7597\u5e08\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e3a\u300c\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u300d\u513f\u7ae5\u5bb6\u5ead\u63d0\u4f9b\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684 Trans Youth Family Allies(TYFA, n.d.)\uff0c\u4e5f\u5728\u5176\u7f51\u7ad9\u4e0a\u4e5f\u63d0\u4f9b\u7c7b\u4f3c\u5efa\u8bae\u3002TYFA \u7684\u4e00\u540d\u8463\u4e8b\u4f1a\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u5b89\u5fb7\u91cc\u4e9a\u00b7\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\uff0c\u66fe\u5728\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u4e0a\u53d1\u5e03\u6027\u5b66\u5bb6\u8fc8\u514b\u5c14\u00b7\u8d1d\u5229\u7684\u5b50\u5973\u7167\u7247\u5e76\u914d\u4e0a\u6deb\u79fd\u6587\u5b57(Dreger,2008)\uff0c\u53ea\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fc8\u514b\u5c14\u00b7\u8d1d\u5229\u66fe\u5bf9\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u6cbb\u7597\u63d0\u51fa\u6279\u8bc4\u3002\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u662f\u5426\u9002\u5408\u5c31\u300c\u5982\u4f55\u5bf9\u5f85\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u672a\u6765\u5065\u5eb7\u548c\u751f\u80b2\u80fd\u529b\u300d\u7b49\u91cd\u8981\u95ee\u9898\u63d0\u4f9b\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u6216\u8bb8\u5e94\u8be5\u6253\u4e2a\u95ee\u53f7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7236\u6bcd\u5e38\u88ab\u5f15\u5bfc\u5c06\u81ea\u5df1\u5e74\u5e7c\u7684\u5b50\u5973\u8ba4\u5b9a\u4e3a\u300c\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u300d\u3002\u5e03\u91cc\u5c14\u548c\u4f69\u73c0\u544a\u8bc9\u7236\u6bcd\uff0c\u65e9\u5728\u5b69\u5b50\u5341\u516b\u4e2a\u6708\u5927\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c31\u80fd\u6d1e\u5bdf\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u503e\u5411\u4e86\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u5f53\u60a8\u5341\u516b\u4e2a\u6708\u5927\u7684\u5973\u513f\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\u662f\u300cme boy (\u6211\u662f\u7537\u5b69)\u300d\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u60a8\u4e24\u5c81\u7684\u513f\u5b50\u575a\u6301\u8bf4\u4ed6\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5973\u5b69\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56de\u7b54\u5728\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u51e0\u5e74\u91cc\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u52a8\u6447\u6216\u6539\u53d8\u65f6\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f8\u5f53\u786e\u5b9a\u60a8\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u513f\u7ae5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\">\u2014\u2014Brill and Pepper,2008:2<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7236\u6bcd\u8fd8\u88ab\u5efa\u8bae\u7559\u5fc3\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e74\u5e7c\u7684\u5b50\u5973\u662f\u5426\u9009\u62e9\u4e86\u7b26\u5408\u81ea\u5df1\u751f\u7406\u6027\u522b\u7684\u300c\u5185\u88e4\u300d\uff0c\u5373\u7537\u5b69\u4e0d\u8be5\u9009\u5e26\u82b1\u6735\u56fe\u6848\u7684\u5185\u88e4\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u51fa\u7248\u7269\u548c\u5728\u7ebf\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u8bed\u6c14\u666e\u904d\u5e26\u6709\u5f3a\u5236\u6027\uff0c\u5bb6\u957f\u548c\u4e13\u4e1a\u4eba\u58eb\u88ab\u544a\u77e5\uff0c\u5bf9\u513f\u7ae5\u8fdb\u884c\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u6cbb\u7597\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u8d1f\u8d23\u4efb\u3001\u4e14\u516c\u6b63\u7684\u51fa\u8def\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4fdd\u62a4\u5b69\u5b50\u514d\u4e8e\u81ea\u6b8b\u548c\u81ea\u6740\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u9014\u5f84\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u624b\u518c\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u745e\u79cb\u00b7\u4f69\u73c0\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u7f16\u8f91\u4e86\u4e00\u672c\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u513f\u7ae5\u6bcd\u4eb2\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u96c6(Pepper (ed.),2012)\uff0c\u8be5\u4e66\u5c06\u90a3\u4e9b\u5728\u5b69\u5b50\u6781\u5e7c\u9f84\u65f6\u5c31\u8ba4\u5b9a\u5176\u4e3a\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u7684\u6bcd\u4eb2\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u52c7\u6562\u548c\u8fdb\u6b65\u7684\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6848\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u4f4d\u6bcd\u4eb2\u62a5\u544a\u8bf4\uff0c\u5979\u5c06\u513f\u5b50\u8ba4\u5b9a\u4e3a\u5973\u5b69\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u300c\u4e24\u5c81\u65f6\u4ed6\u62d2\u7edd\u73a9\u7537\u5b69\u7684\u73a9\u5177\u300d(Pepper,2012:87)\u3002\u5979\u5728\u513f\u5b50\u516d\u5c81\u65f6\u5e26\u4ed6\u53bb\u4e86\u5854\u7ef4\u65af\u6258\u514b\u8bca\u6240\uff0c\u4ee5\u6c42\u88ab\u544a\u77e5\u513f\u5b50\u60a3\u6709\u300c\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u8ba4\u540c\u969c\u788d\u300d\u3002\u8fd9\u4f4d\u6bcd\u4eb2\u79f0\u5185\u5206\u6ccc\u5b66\u5bb6\u8bfa\u66fc\u00b7\u65af\u5e15\u514b\u662f\u5979\u7684\u300c\u6551\u4e16\u4e3b\u300d\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u4f4d\u6bcd\u4eb2\u5728\u513f\u5b50\u963f\u5229\u514b\u300e\u4e09\u56db\u5c81\u65f6\uff0c\u89c9\u5bdf\u5230\u4ed6\u6709\u4e9b\u300c\u4e0d\u540c\u300d\u3002\u4ed6\u770b\u5230\u6211\u5728\u7f1d\u7eab\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5927\u58f0\u54ed\u558a\u300c\u5988\u5988\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u518d\u505a\u56f4\u88d9\u4e86\uff01\u6c42\u4f60\u4e86\uff01\u300d\u300f(Pepper,2012:109)\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4f4d\u6bcd\u4eb2\u5728\u5973\u513f\u4e00\u5c81\u751f\u65e5\u65f6\u5c31\u8ba4\u5b9a\u5979\u662f\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5979\u7528\u526a\u5200\u526a\u574f\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6d3e\u5bf9\u88d9\u5b50(Pepper,2012:61)\u3002\u8fd9\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u6bcd\u4eb2\u4eec\u6253\u7740\u5141\u8bb8\u5b69\u5b50\u6210\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u771f\u6b63\u300c\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u300d\u7684\u5e4c\u5b50\uff0c\u6781\u5176\u8654\u8bda\u53c8\u51b7\u9177\u5730\u7ed9\u5b69\u5b50\u65bd\u52a0\u751f\u7406\u6027\u522b\u89d2\u8272\u9650\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>GIRES \u5728\u4e89\u53d6\u533b\u7597\u4e13\u4e1a\u754c\u652f\u6301\u5176\u9996\u9009\u6cbb\u7597\u65b9\u6848\u65b9\u9762\u975e\u5e38\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u5b83\u5728\u4e3a\u5bfb\u6c42\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8005\u5236\u5b9a\u533b\u7597\u62a4\u7406\u6307\u5357\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u53d1\u6325\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u8be5\u6307\u5357\u4e8e2008\u5e74\u7531\u82f1\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u533b\u7597\u670d\u52a1\u4f53\u7cfb(NHS)\u4ee5\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u5c0f\u518c\u5b50\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u53d1\u5e03\u3002\u8be5\u7cfb\u5217\u5305\u62ec\u4e00\u672c\u5173\u4e8e\u300c\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u504f\u5dee\u513f\u7ae5\u548c\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u7684\u300d\u7684\u533b\u7597\u62a4\u7406\u6307\u5357(Department of Health,2008)\u3002\u8fd9\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u7528\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\uff0c\u6765\u4e86\u89e3\u5f53\u4e0b\u533b\u7597\u4ece\u4e1a\u8005\u88ab\u5efa\u8bae\u91c7\u7eb3\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u3002NHS \u624b\u518c\u89e3\u91ca\u8bf4\uff0c\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u504f\u5dee\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0b\u9762\u8868\u73b0\u8bc6\u522b\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7537\u5b69\u8bf4\u300c\u4ed6\u4eec\u60f3\u6210\u4e3a\u5973\u5b69\uff0c\u6216\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u5973\u5b69\u300d\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5973\u5b69\u5e0c\u671b\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u3001\u6216\u76f8\u4fe1\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u7537\u5b69(Department of Health,2008:4)\u3002\u624b\u518c\u58f0\u79f0\uff0c\u300c\u4e25\u91cd\u300d\u7684\u300c\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u504f\u5dee\u300d\u7531\u300c\u7531\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5f15\u53d1\u300d\uff0c\u300c\u5a74\u513f\u5927\u8111\u7684\u5c0f\u90e8\u5206\u4f1a\u6cbf\u7740\u4e0e\u5176\u8eab\u4f53\u5176\u4f59\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u751f\u7406\u6027\u522b\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u53d1\u5c55\u300d(Department of Health,2008:5)\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u58f0\u79f0\u548c\u300c\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u300d\u5dee\u5f02\u76f8\u5173\u884c\u4e3a\u5177\u5907\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8bc1\u636e\u975e\u5e38\u8584\u5f31\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6781\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u50cf\u6240\u6709\u65e8\u5728\u8bc1\u660e\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u5dee\u5f02\u662f\u5929\u751f\u800c\u975e\u540e\u5929\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u5927\u8111\u7814\u7a76\u4e00\u6837\u5b58\u5728\u7f3a\u9677(Fine,2010)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6b63\u5982\u7f8e\u56fd\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u513f\u7ae5\u81ea\u8eab\u5229\u76ca\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u5176\u8fdb\u884c\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u7684\u624b\u518c\u548c\u5728\u7ebf\u8d44\u6e90\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u56fd\u6c11\u533b\u7597\u670d\u52a1\u4f53\u7cfb(NHS)\u7684\u5c0f\u518c\u5b50\u4e5f\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u8bf4\u670d\u6027\u63aa\u8f9e\u6566\u4fc3\u533b\u7597\u4ece\u4e1a\u8005\u63a5\u53d7\u8be5\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c\u5e76\u5f3a\u8c03\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u300c\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u300d\u7684\u513f\u7ae5\u4f1a\u5728\u9752\u6625\u671f\u7ecf\u5386\u6781\u5ea6\u75db\u82e6\u3002\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u6cbb\u7597\u88ab\u5408\u7406\u5316\u6210\u4e00\u79cd\u907f\u514d\u60a3\u513f\u6210\u5e74\u540e\u5728\u300c\u5047\u626e\u300d\u5f02\u6027\u65b9\u9762\u9047\u5230\u56f0\u96be\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u300e\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u7ec8\u8eab\u52a3\u52bf\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u5f80\u5f80\u4f7f\u300c\u5047\u626e\u300d\u5f02\u6027\uff0c\u5373\u5728\u5916\u8c8c\u548c\u58f0\u97f3\u4e0a\u5b8c\u5168\u50cf\u5f02\u6027\uff0c\u53d8\u5f97\u56f0\u96be\u751a\u81f3\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u300f(Department of Health,2008:13)\u3002\u5b8c\u6210\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u7684\u6210\u5e74\u7537\u6027\u7684\u7126\u8651\u5728\u624b\u518c\u91cc\u5c55\u9732\u65e0\u9057\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u6ca1\u5728\u513f\u7ae5\u65f6\u671f\u8fdb\u884c\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u7684\u4eba\u300e\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u8857\u4e0a\u300c\u88ab\u8bc6\u7834\u300d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u906d\u53d7\u504f\u89c1\u3001\u9a9a\u6270\u3001\u7f9e\u8fb1\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u66b4\u529b\u300f(Department of Health,2008:13)\u3002\u300c\u88ab\u8bc6\u7834\u300d\u662f\u5f02\u88c5\u7656\u7537\u6027\u5708\u5b50\u4e2d\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u884c\u8bdd\uff0c\u800c\u5b83\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u6709\u7740\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u7ecf\u9a8c\u548c\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u6210\u5e74\u7537\u6027\u6b63\u5c06\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u62c5\u5fe7\u6295\u5c04\u5230\u513f\u7ae5\u8eab\u4e0a\uff0c\u800c\u5bf9\u513f\u7ae5\u6765\u8bf4\u53ef\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u5408\u9002\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:70px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6.2\u8ba4\u5b9a\u300c\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u300d\u513f\u7ae5<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u513f\u7ae5\u88ab\u8bca\u65ad\u60a3\u6709\u300c\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u8ba4\u540c\u300d\u969c\u788d\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0d\u53ef\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u548c\u513f\u7ae5\u751f\u7406\u6027\u522b\u4e0d\u7b26\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5bf9\u513f\u7ae5\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u5e94\u88ab\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u5de5\u7a0b\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0e\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u65e9\u671f\u5bf9\u90a3\u4e9b\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u4ece\u4e8b\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0d\u53ef\u63a5\u53d7\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u4eba\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u6027\u5916\u79d1\u624b\u672f\u6709\u7740\u5f02\u66f2\u540c\u5de5\u4e4b\u5904\u3002\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u884c\u4e3a\u5305\u62ec\u957f\u671f\u8d2b\u56f0\u3001\u540c\u6027\u604b\u548c\u72af\u7f6a\u7b49\u3002\u5728\u672c\u8282\uff0c\u6211\u5c06\u9610\u8ff0\u5bfc\u81f4\u513f\u7ae5\u786e\u8bca\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u8ba4\u540c\u969c\u788d\u7684\u3001\u4e0d\u88ab\u793e\u4f1a\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u300c\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u300d\u5b9e\u8df5\u3002\u5185\u79d1\u533b\u751f\u4eec\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u56f0\u96be\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u533a\u5206\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u300c\u771f\u6b63\u300d\u9700\u8981\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u5904\u7406\u7684\u513f\u7ae5\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u90a3\u4e9b\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e50\u4e8e\u627f\u8ba4\u7684\u3001\u53ef\u80fd\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u6709\u62c5\u5fe7\u4f46\u4e0d\u5e0c\u671b\u5728\u6210\u5e74\u540e\u8fdb\u884c\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u7684\u513f\u7ae5(Department of Health,2008)\u3002NHS \u624b\u518c\u672a\u80fd\u7ed9\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u533a\u5206\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6811\u7acb\u5145\u8db3\u4fe1\u5fc3\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u968f\u7740\u9752\u6625\u671f\u4e34\u8fd1\uff0c\u8bca\u6240\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bc4\u4f30\u54ea\u4e9b\u513f\u7ae5\u51e0\u4e4e\u80af\u5b9a\u4f1a\u53d1\u5c55\u6210\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u6210\u4eba\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u54ea\u4e9b\u4e0d\u592a\u53ef\u80fd\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u6ca1\u6709\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u7269\u7406\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6765\u68c0\u6d4b\u6216\u8861\u91cf\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u5c55\u4e3a\u6210\u4eba\u7126\u8651\u548c\u53d8\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u504f\u5dee\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e34\u5e8a\u533b\u751f\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u4f9d\u8d56\u5e74\u8f7b\u4eba\u5bf9\u81ea\u8eab\u611f\u53d7\u7684\u9648\u8ff0\u3001\u6216\u7236\u6bcd\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u6709\u5173\u5b69\u5b50\u8a00\u884c\u4e3e\u6b62\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5fc3\u7406\u6d4b\u8bd5\u8fdb\u884c\u5224\u65ad\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\">\u2014\u2014Department of Health,2008:17<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u533b\u751f\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6307\u6807\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u513f\u7ae5\u5bf9\u9752\u6625\u671f\u65e9\u671f\u8eab\u4f53\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u4eca\u513f\u7ae5\u4eec\u7684\u9752\u6625\u671f\u6765\u5f97\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u65e9\u3002\u6ce2\u58eb\u987f\u513f\u7ae5\u533b\u9662\u5728\u6cbb\u7597\u300c\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u300d\u513f\u7ae5\u65f6\u5c06\u6027\u65e9\u719f\u5e74\u9f84\u754c\u5b9a\u4e3a\uff1a\u5973\u5b69\u5728\u516b\u5c81\u524d\uff0c\u7537\u5b69\u5728\u4e5d\u5c81\u524d(Stafford,2011)\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u63a5\u53d7\u513f\u7ae5\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u7684\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u513f\u7ae5\u53ef\u80fd\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5e74\u9f84\u524d\u5c31\u88ab\u8bc6\u522b\u5e76\u5f00\u59cb\u836f\u7269\u6cbb\u7597\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u624b\u518c\u5efa\u8bae\u5e94\u5c3d\u65e9\u5e72\u9884\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5728\u8eab\u4f53\u53d8\u5316\u5f00\u59cb\u524d\u5c06\u5176\u963b\u65ad\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2013\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u300a\u7cbe\u795e\u969c\u788d\u8bca\u65ad\u4e0e\u7edf\u8ba1\u624b\u518c(DSM)\u300b\u5728\u65b0\u53d1\u5e03\u7684\u7b2c\u4e94\u7248\u4e2d\u5217\u4e3e\u513f\u7ae5\u300c\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u7126\u8651\u300d\u7684\u8bca\u65ad\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u6b64\u524d\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u300c\u513f\u7ae5\u671f\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u8ba4\u540c\u969c\u788d\u300d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6807\u51c6\u4ee5\u4f20\u7edf\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61\u7684\u6784\u5efa\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u7ea6\u675f\u548c\u9650\u5236\u5973\u5b69\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u4e3a\u5979\u4eec\u7684\u4ece\u5c5e\u5730\u4f4d\u63d0\u4f9b\u6b63\u5f53\u5316\u7406\u7531\u3002\u4e0e\u4e4b\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u7537\u5b69\u4eec\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u6784\u5efa\u5219\u7528\u6765\u5408\u7406\u5316\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4f18\u8d8a\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u60a3\u6709\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u7126\u8651\u7684\u513f\u7ae5\u5fc5\u987b\u300c\u5f3a\u70c8\u6e34\u671b\u6210\u4e3a\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\uff0c\u6216\u575a\u6301\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u300d\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c5e\u4e8e\u300c\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u300d\u7684\u6307\u6807\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7537\u5b69\uff0c\u5f3a\u70c8\u504f\u597d\u5f02\u88c5\u6216\u6a21\u4eff\u5973\u6027\u7684\u7740\u88c5\uff1b\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5973\u5b69\uff0c\u5f3a\u70c8\u504f\u597d\u7a7f\u7740\u5178\u578b\u7537\u6027\u7279\u8d28\u7684\u670d\u88c5\uff0c\u5e76\u5f3a\u70c8\u62b5\u89e6\u7a7f\u7740\u5178\u578b\u5973\u6027\u7279\u8d28\u7684\u670d\u88c5\uff1b\u5728\u5047\u626e\u548c\u5e7b\u60f3\u6e38\u620f\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f3a\u70c8\u504f\u597d\u8de8\u8d8a\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u89d2\u8272\uff1b\u5f3a\u70c8\u504f\u597d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u53e6\u4e00\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u7684\u5178\u578b\u73a9\u5177\u3001\u6e38\u620f\u6216\u6d3b\u52a8\uff1b\u5f3a\u70c8\u504f\u597d\u53e6\u4e00\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u7684\u73a9\u4f34\uff1b\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7537\u5b69\uff0c\u575a\u51b3\u62d2\u7edd\u5178\u578b\u7537\u6027\u7279\u8d28\u7684\u73a9\u5177\u3001\u6e38\u620f\u548c\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u6781\u529b\u56de\u907f\u7c97\u66b4\u5b09\u95f9\u5f0f\u6e38\u620f\uff1b\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5973\u5b69\uff0c\u575a\u51b3\u62d2\u7edd\u5178\u578b\u5973\u6027\u7279\u8d28\u7684\u73a9\u5177\u3001\u6e38\u620f\u548c\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\">\u2014\u2014Winters,2011<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u513f\u7ae5\u8fd8\u5e94\u300c\u5728\u793e\u4ea4\u3001\u804c\u4e1a\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u529f\u80fd\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u4e34\u5e8a\u4e0a\u7684\u663e\u8457\u75db\u82e6\u6216\u529f\u80fd\u635f\u5bb3\u300d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bca\u65ad\u6807\u51c6\u5728\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u65b9\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u5bb6\u5ead\u6cd5\u5ead\u5728\u6279\u51c6\u513f\u7ae5\u4f7f\u7528\u63a8\u8fdf\u9752\u6625\u671f\u836f\u7269\u7684\u6848\u4ef6\u5224\u51b3\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e2d\u5f97\u77e5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:70px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6.3\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u7684\u6848\u4f8b<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u8d70\u5728\u5bf9\u513f\u7ae5\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u7684\u524d\u6cbf\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u7531\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u7236\u6bcd\u6216\u76d1\u62a4\u4eba\u63d0\u51fa\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u518d\u7531\u5bb6\u5ead\u6cd5\u5ead\u88c1\u5b9a\u6267\u884c\u30022004\u5e74\uff0c\u5f53\u5bb6\u5ead\u6cd5\u9662\u88c1\u5b9a\u4e00\u4f4d\u540d\u53eb\u300c\u4e9a\u5386\u514b\u65af\u300d\u7684\u5341\u4e09\u5c81\u5973\u5b69\u80fd\u5f00\u59cb\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u65f6\uff0c\u8ddd\u79bb\u5185\u5206\u6ccc\u5b66\u4f1a\u53d1\u5e03\u5173\u4e8e\u76f8\u5173\u64cd\u4f5c\u6307\u5357\u8fd8\u6709\u4e94\u5e74(Family Court of Australia,2004; Jeffreys,2006)\u3002\u6b64\u540e\uff0c\u6cd5\u5ead\u5f00\u59cb\u4e0b\u8c03\u6388\u6743\u8fd9\u7c7b\u5b9e\u8df5\u7684\u5e74\u9f84\u30022008\u5e74\uff0c\u4e00\u4f4d\u5341\u4e8c\u5c81\u7684\u5973\u5b69\u300c\u5e03\u9c81\u8fea\u300d\u88ab\u5141\u8bb8\u8de8\u6027\u522b(Family Court,2008)\u3002\u52302011\u5e744\u6708\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u6388\u6743\u7684\u5e74\u9f84\u6700\u5c0f\u7684\u513f\u7ae5\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u540d\u53eb\u300c\u6d01\u7c73\u300d\u7684\u5341\u5c81\u7537\u5b69\uff0c\u636e\u79f0\u4ed6\u5df2\u7ecf\u4ee5\u5973\u5b69\u8eab\u4efd\u751f\u6d3b\u4e86\u4e09\u5e74(Family Court of Australia,2011)\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6cd5\u5ead\u6848\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u6cd5\u5ead\u91c7\u7eb3\u4e86\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u5185\u5206\u6ccc\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u548c\u7236\u6bcd\u7684\u8bc1\u8bcd\uff0c\u6765\u8bca\u65ad\u513f\u7ae5\u60a3\u6709\u8be5\u969c\u788d\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u51c6\u8bb8\u5176\u5f00\u59cb\u6cbb\u7597\u3002\u300c\u6d01\u7c73\u300d\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u4e8e\u8fd9\u79cd\u505a\u6cd5\u5982\u4f55\u8fd0\u4f5c\u7684\u6709\u7528\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u6d01\u7c73\u5f53\u65f6\u662f\u4e00\u5bf9\u5341\u5c81\u96f6\u5341\u4e2a\u6708\u5927\u53cc\u80de\u80ce\u7537\u5b69\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u3002\u6cd5\u5ead\u5bf9\u51c6\u8bb8\u6d01\u7c73\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u7684\u88c1\u5b9a\u5341\u5206\u987a\u5229\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u88ab\u8ba4\u5b9a\u4e3a\u300c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u91d1\u8272\u957f\u53d1\u7684\u3001\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u7684\u5c0f\u5973\u5b69\u300d\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7b26\u5408\u5973\u5b69\u5e94\u8be5\u957f\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u6587\u5316\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61(Family Court of Australia,2011,Reasons for Judgement,2)\u3002\u6d01\u7c73\u7684\u7236\u6bcd\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5fc5\u8981\u8bc1\u636e\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u513f\u5b50\u60a3\u6709\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u8ba4\u77e5\u540c\u969c\u788d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8bf4\u4ed6\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u5927\u7ea6\u5728\u4e24\u5c81\u534a\u5230\u4e09\u5c81\u534a\u65f6\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u8ba4\u540c\u4e3a\u5973\u6027\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b(\u5ead\u5ba1\u8bb0\u5f55\u7528\u4e86\u5973\u6027\u4eba\u79f0\u4ee3\u8bcd)\u3002\u5979\u9009\u62e9\u5973\u5b69\u7684\u73a9\u5177\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u8ba4\u540c\u7535\u89c6\u6216\u7535\u5f71\u4e2d\u7684\u5973\u6027\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u5e76\u544a\u8bc9\u5979\u7684\u6bcd\u4eb2\uff1a\u300c\u5988\u5988\uff0c\u6211\u4e0d\u60f3\u8981\u5c0f\u9e21\u9e21(willy)\uff0c\u6211\u8981\u9634\u9053\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\">\u2014\u2014Family Court of Australia,2011,Reasons for Judgement,12<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4ed6\u8fd8\u300c\u5bfb\u6c42\u5973\u5b69\u95f4\u7684\u53cb\u8c0a\u300d(Family Court of Australia,2011,Reasons for Judgement,14)\u3002\u6839\u636e\u4ed6\u6bcd\u4eb2\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u300c\u8f6c\u6298\u70b9\u300d\u662f\u6d01\u7c73\u60f3\u5728\u5168\u5bb6\u5916\u51fa\u770b\u300a\u6b4c\u5267\u9b45\u5f71\u300b\u65f6\u7a7f\u4e00\u4ef6\u300c\u821e\u4f1a\u793c\u88d9\u300d(Family Court of Australia,2011,Reasons for Judgement,17)\u3002\u6d01\u7c73\u57282007\u5e7410\u6708\u88ab\u5e26\u53bb\u770b\u7cbe\u795e\u79d1\u533b\u751f\uff0c\u5e76\u4e8e\u540c\u5e7412\u6708\u786e\u8bca\u60a3\u6709\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u8ba4\u540c\u969c\u788d\uff0c\u90a3\u65f6\u4ed6\u5e74\u4ec5\u4e03\u5c81\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6cd5\u9662\u4e13\u5bb6\u88c1\u5b9a\u4ed6\u4eec\u5ba1\u7406\u6848\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u513f\u7ae5\u662f\u5426\u4ee5\u6070\u5f53\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5c55\u73b0\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8bc1\u660e\u6d01\u7c73\u7684\u5973\u6027\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u6e90\u4e8e\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff1a\u4ed6\u300e\u7acb\u5fd7\u6210\u4e3a\u300c\u4e00\u4f4d\u6d41\u884c\u5973\u6b4c\u661f\u300d\u300f\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u300c\u975e\u5e38\u5973\u6027\u5316\u548c\u521b\u610f\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u300d\u5728\u7537\u6027\u7cbe\u795e\u79d1\u533b\u751f\u9762\u524d\u8fdb\u884c\u8868\u6f14(Family Court of Australia,2011: 42)\u3002\u4e00\u4f4d\u4e13\u5bb6\u89e3\u91ca\u8bf4\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u300c\u6d01\u7c73\u6709\u7740\u5178\u578b\u7684\u7537\u6027\u751f\u6b96\u5668\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u9634\u830e\u548c\u777e\u4e38\u3002\u5979\u7684\u67d3\u8272\u4f53\u662f\u5178\u578b\u7537\u6027\u300d\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u300c\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u5728\u5404\u65b9\u9762\u90fd\u4ee4\u4eba\u4fe1\u670d\u5730\u50cf\u4e2a\u5973\u6027\u300d(Family Court of Australia,2011:50)\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4ece GIRES \u770b\u5230\u7684\u7528\u4e8e\u63a8\u52a8\u513f\u7ae5\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u538b\u529b\u8bba\u70b9\uff0c\u4e5f\u5728\u6cd5\u5ead\u4e0a\u88ab\u63d0\u51fa\u3002C\u533b\u751f\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e3a\u300c\u9632\u6b62\u6d01\u7c73\u5728\u7537\u6027\u9752\u6625\u671f\u53d1\u5c55\u65f6\u7ecf\u5386\u5fc3\u7406\u75db\u82e6\u300d\uff0c\u63a8\u8fdf\u6d01\u7c73\u7684\u9752\u6625\u671f\u523b\u4e0d\u5bb9\u7f13(Family Court of Australia,2011:54)\u3002C\u533b\u751f\u8bf4\uff0c\u6d01\u7c73\u300c\u60a3\u6709\u4e25\u91cd\u7cbe\u795e\u969c\u788d\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u56f0\u96be\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u5728\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u4e25\u91cd\u6291\u90c1\u3001\u7126\u8651\u969c\u788d\u548c\u81ea\u6211\u4f24\u5bb3\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u300d(Family Court of Australia,2011:63)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u5bb6\u4e8b\u6cd5\u5ead\u542c\u8bc1\u5973\u5b69\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u7684\u6848\u4ef6\u65f6\uff0c\u8bca\u65ad\u6807\u51c6\u4f1a\u968f\u4e4b\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u4ee5\u53cd\u6620\u5bf9\u7537\u5b69\u5e94\u5f53\u5982\u4f55\u8868\u73b0\u7684\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61\u3002\u4ee5\u5341\u4e8c\u5c81\u7684\u300c\u5e03\u9c81\u8fea\u300d\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5979\u6bcd\u4eb2\u5f62\u5bb9\u5979\u603b\u662f\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u6211\u4f1a\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u50cf\u7537\u5b69\u7684\u6837\u5b50\uff0c\u5979\u559c\u6b22\u7a7f\u5f97\u50cf\u4e2a\u7537\u5b69\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u53bb\u4e70\u8863\u670d\u65f6\uff0c(\u5e03\u9c81\u8fea)\u603b\u4f1a\u4ece\u5546\u5e97\u7684\u7537\u88c5\u533a\u6311\u9009\u8863\u670d&#8230;&#8230;\u5979\u4ece\u5927\u7ea6\u516d\u5c81\u5f00\u59cb\u7a7f\u7537\u5b69\u5185\u88e4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\">\u2014\u2014Family Court of Australia,2008:55<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5185\u88e4\u9009\u62e9\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u591a\u4e2a\u63d0\u4f9b\u8bc6\u522b\u5e94\u8be5\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u7684\u513f\u7ae5\u5efa\u8bae\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u6e90\u4e2d\u90fd\u63d0\u53ca\u5185\u88e4\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u5728\u5e03\u9c81\u8fea\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u548c2004\u5e74\u63a5\u53d7\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u624b\u672f\u7684\u300c\u4e9a\u5386\u514b\u65af\u300d\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u52a0\u901f\u6cbb\u7597\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5973\u5b69\u975e\u5e38\u6124\u6012(Jeffreys,2006)\u3002\u5e03\u9c81\u8fea\u8868\u73b0\u5f97\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u653b\u51fb\u6027\uff0c\u8fd8\u7ecf\u5e38\u6b3a\u8d1f\u5e74\u5e7c\u7684\u59b9\u59b9\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u666e\u904d\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u6cbb\u7597\u80fd\u7f13\u89e3\u513f\u7ae5\u6700\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u6781\u7aef\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u5bb6\u4e8b\u6cd5\u5ead\u6848\u4ef6\u4e2d\u513f\u7ae5\u6124\u6012\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u672a\u88ab\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u7a76\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5bf9\u513f\u7ae5\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u513f\u7ae5\u884c\u4e3a\u7ba1\u7406\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u552f\u4e00\u4e00\u95f4\u6cbb\u7597\u300c\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u300d\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u8bca\u6240\u4f4d\u4e8e\u58a8\u5c14\u672c\u7687\u5bb6\u513f\u7ae5\u533b\u9662\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6848\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u513f\u7ae5\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5728\u90a3\u63a5\u53d7\u6cbb\u7597\u7684\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u9879\u5173\u4e8e\u6cbb\u7597\u6709\u6548\u6027\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u8be5\u8bca\u6240\u5ba3\u5e03\uff0c\u81ea 2003 \u5e74\u6210\u7acb\u5230 2011 \u5e74\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u524d\u6765\u5c31\u8bca\u7684\u513f\u7ae5\u6570\u91cf\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u300c\u516b\u500d\u300d\uff0c\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6bcf\u5e74\u4ece\u4e00\u540d\u513f\u7ae5\u589e\u52a0\u5230\u516b\u540d\u513f\u7ae5(Hewitt <em>et al.<\/em>,2012)\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u589e\u957f\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u6e90\u4e8e\u5bf9\u6cbb\u7597\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u63d0\u5347\u2014\u2014\u300c\u5bf9\u60a3\u6709 GID (\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u8ba4\u540c\u969c\u788d)\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u533b\u7597\u670d\u52a1\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u6539\u5584\u300d\u2014\u2014\u800c\u975e\u8be5\u95ee\u9898\u53d1\u751f\u7387\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u589e\u957f\u786e\u5b9e\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u7531\u5bf9\u8be5\u73b0\u8c61\u53ca\u5176\u6cbb\u7597\u7684\u63a8\u5e7f\u5ba3\u4f20\u6240\u81f4\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e0e\u5176\u8bf4\u8fd9\u8ba9\u66f4\u591a\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u5b58\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u672c\u8d28\u6027\u4e14\u59cb\u7ec8\u5b58\u5728\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u513f\u7ae5\u7ad9\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u4e0d\u5982\u8bf4\u8fd9\u79cd\u5ba3\u4f20\u901a\u8fc7\u8ba9\u7236\u6bcd\u5c06\u5e7c\u513f\u8eab\u4e0a\u7684\u666e\u901a\u884c\u4e3a\u8ba4\u5b9a\u6210\u8eab\u4efd\u8ba4\u540c\u969c\u788d\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5b69\u5b50\u8eab\u4e0a\u690d\u5165\u8fd9\u79cd\u7406\u89e3\u4ece\u800c\u5236\u9020\u51fa\u300c\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u300d\u513f\u7ae5\u3002\u8be5\u8bca\u6240\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u6240\u6709\u60a3\u8005\u4e2d\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u7126\u8651\u5927\u7ea6\u5728\u4e09\u5c81\u5de6\u53f3\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u513f\u7ae5\u901a\u5e38\u5230\u300c\u5e73\u5747\u5e74\u9f84\u300d\u5341\u5c81\u624d\u524d\u6765\u5c31\u8bca\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6216\u8bb8\u4ee4\u4eba\u60ca\u8bb6\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8003\u8651\u5230\u76ee\u524d\u5bf9\u513f\u7ae5\u548c\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u8fdb\u884c\u76f8\u5f53\u6781\u7aef\u7684\u8377\u5c14\u8499\u548c\u624b\u672f\u6cbb\u7597\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u6587\u732e\u4ee5\u53ca\u5973\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u5b66\u8005\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bf9\u513f\u7ae5\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6279\u5224\u3002\u8fd9\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bf9\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u5b9e\u8df5\u7684\u6279\u5224\u6027\u5206\u6790\u5df2\u7ecf\u8870\u9000\u5230\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e0d\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:70px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6.4\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u4e3b\u4e49\u6279\u5224\u6587\u732e\u7f3a\u5931<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u7684\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u5b9e\u8df5\u4ee5\u793e\u4f1a\u63a7\u5236\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u5de5\u7a0b\u4e3a\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u751f\u80b2\u7fa4\u4f53\u8fdb\u884c\u6027\u5916\u79d1\u624b\u672f\u548c\u7edd\u80b2\uff0c\u548c\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u5230\u672c\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u5bf9\u6210\u4eba\u548c\u513f\u7ae5\u8fdb\u884c\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u91cd\u8981\u5173\u8054\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u5b66\u672f\u6587\u732e\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b9e\u8df5\u5e76\u672a\u88ab\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5f53\u4eca\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u5173\u4e8e\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u6279\u5224\u6027\u6587\u732e\u3002\u6279\u5224\u513f\u7ae5\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u7684\u793e\u79d1\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u9664\u5c11\u6570\u4f8b\u5916(Gottschalk,2003;Jeffreys,2006)\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u5b8c\u5168\u7f3a\u5931\u3002\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u5173\u4e8e\u300c\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u300d\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u6587\u732e\u6570\u91cf\u6b63\u5728\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u732e\u65e2\u4e0d\u5177\u5907\u6279\u5224\u6027\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0d\u5177\u5907\u5206\u6790\u6027\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u4e3a\u793e\u5de5\u3001\u7236\u6bcd(Brill and Pepper,2008;Mallon,2009)\u548c\u6559\u5e08\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u6307\u5bfc\u624b\u518c\u3002\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u732e\u90fd\u5728\u8c08\u8bba\u300c\u786e\u8ba4\u300d\u300c\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u300d\u513f\u7ae5\uff0c\u4ece\u4e0b\u9762\u4e24\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u7684\u6807\u9898\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u6001\u5ea6\uff1a\u300c\u4e0e\u9752\u6625\u671f\u524d\u671f\u7684\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u513f\u7ae5\u53ca\u5176\u540c\u5b66\u5171\u5904\uff1a\u53ea\u9700\u652f\u6301\u300d(Luecke,2011)\uff0c \u4ee5\u53ca\u300c\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u53cb\u597d\u7684\u5b66\u524d\u6559\u80b2\u300d(Dykstra,2005)\u3002\u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u548c\u513f\u7ae5\u76f8\u5904\u7684\u4e13\u4e1a\u4eba\u58eb\u548c\u7236\u6bcd\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u504f\u5dee\u7531\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u51b3\u5b9a\u800c\u975e\u793e\u4f1a\u6784\u5efa\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5c3d\u7ba1\u793e\u79d1\u6587\u732e\u4e2d\u7f3a\u4e4f\u9488\u5bf9\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u5b9e\u8df5\u7684\u6279\u5224\u6027\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f46\u4e34\u5e8a\u6587\u732e\u4e2d\u6b63\u5f00\u59cb\u51fa\u73b0\u6279\u5224\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u82cf\u73ca\u00b7\u6717\u683c\u548c\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u00b7\u9a6c\u4e01\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u7ae5\u5e74\u671f\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u8ba4\u540c\u969c\u788d\u7684\u8bca\u65ad\u300c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4e3a\u63a8\u8fdb\u653f\u6cbb\u6216\u793e\u4f1a\u8bae\u7a0b\u670d\u52a1\u300d (Langer and Martin,2004:19)\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u300c\u5fc3\u7406\u5065\u5eb7\u754c\u300d\u5e94\u8be5\u300c\u5bf9\u5c06\u7ae5\u5e74\u671f\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u8ba4\u540c\u969c\u788d(GIDC)\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u8ba4\u53ef\u7684\u8bca\u65ad\u7c7b\u522b\u91c7\u53d6\u575a\u51b3\u53cd\u5bf9\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u300d(Langer and Martin,2004:19)\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u5fc3\u7406\u5065\u5eb7\u4e13\u4e1a\u4eba\u58eb\u6b63\u5728\u5bf9\u7ae5\u5e74\u671f\u548c\u6210\u5e74\u671f\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u8ba4\u540c\u969c\u788d\u8bca\u65ad\u8fdb\u884c\u6279\u5224\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5b83\u5982\u4f55\u4fc3\u6210\u5bf9\u540c\u6027\u604b\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u63a7\u5236(Bower,2001;Wilson <em>et al.<\/em>,2002)\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u6279\u5224\u6027\u6587\u732e\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u5f53\u4e0b\u5f00\u59cb\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u5065\u5eb7\u4e13\u4e1a\u4eba\u58eb\u7684\u6279\u5224\u6027\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u90fd\u4e0d\u66fe\u5c06\u4efb\u4f55\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u73b0\u8c61\u4e0e\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u5386\u53f2\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u8282\uff0c\u6211\u5c06\u6307\u51fa\u5bf9\u513f\u7ae5\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u548c\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5173\u8054\uff0c\u6216\u80fd\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u63a8\u52a8\u66f4\u5177\u6279\u5224\u6027\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u6587\u732e\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u672c\u6587\u5171\u8ba1 8994 \u5b57\uff0c\u9884\u8ba1\u9700\u8981 23 \u5206\u949f\u3002 \u7537\u6027\u4e3b\u5bfc\u7684\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e3b\u6d41\u5316\u4e2d\u6700\u4ee4\u4eba\u4e0d\u5b89\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5371\u5bb3\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5bf9\u513f [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[20,18],"class_list":["post-499","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-8","tag-20","tag-18"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/43.154.128.27\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/499","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/43.154.128.27\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/43.154.128.27\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/43.154.128.27\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/43.154.128.27\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=499"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"http:\/\/43.154.128.27\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/499\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":564,"href":"http:\/\/43.154.128.27\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/499\/revisions\/564"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/43.154.128.27\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=499"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/43.154.128.27\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=499"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/43.154.128.27\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=499"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}