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style=\"height:70px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.1\u5f02\u88c5\u548c\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u73b0\u8c61<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u51b3\u5b9a\u6539\u53d8\u751f\u7406\u6027\u522b\u7684\u4e08\u592b\u4eec\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u5f02\u88c5\u53f2\u3002\u5982\u4eca\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u7684\u5448\u73b0\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u548c\u4e3b\u6d41\u5a92\u4f53\u4e2d\u53ef\u89c1\u5ea6\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u9ad8\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u4e5f\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u5f3a\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u66fe\u7ecf\u6709\u5973\u6027\u4f34\u4fa3\u3001\u53ea\u662f\u5076\u5c14\u5f02\u88c5\u7684\u7537\u6027\u73b0\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u8f6c\u53d8(Lawrence,2007)\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5f02\u88c5\u548c\u53d8\u6027\u4e24\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e0d\u518d\u6709\u6e05\u6670\u754c\u9650\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u73b0\u5728\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u5f52\u5165\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fd9\u4e00\u4f1e\u72b6\u672f\u8bed\u4e0b\u3002\u5f17\u5409\u5c3c\u4e9a\u00b7\u57c3\u5c14\u54c8\u7279\u5728\u5979\u7f16\u8f91\u7684\u300c\u5f02\u88c5\u8005\u548c\u53d8\u6027\u8005\u300d\u59bb\u5b50\u7684\u53d9\u4e8b\u96c6\u7684\u5f15\u8a00\u4e2d\u6240\u8bc4\u8bba\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65e0\u6cd5\u88ab\u660e\u786e\u533a\u5206\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u300c\u5e76\u975e\u6784\u6210\u72ec\u7acb\u7c7b\u522b\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u8ba4\u540c\u56f0\u5883\u7684\u8fde\u7eed\u4f53\u4e0a\u300d(Erhardt,2007:13)\u3002\u57c3\u5c14\u54c8\u7279\u7684\u53d9\u4e8b\u96c6\u4ee5\u4e08\u592b\u53ea\u662f\u5076\u5c14\u5f02\u88c5\u7684\u59bb\u5b50\u4eec\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u5f00\u7bc7\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e08\u592b\u5b8c\u6210\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8f6c\u53d8\u7684\u59bb\u5b50\u4eec\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u5728\u53d9\u4e8b\u96c6\u6536\u5f55\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6848\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u59bb\u5b50\u548c\u4f34\u4fa3\u4eec\u906d\u53d7\u7684\u4f24\u5bb3\u5177\u6709\u660e\u663e\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u652f\u6301\u672c\u7ae0\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u5373\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d9\u4e8b\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u7c7b\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u5bf9\u7537\u6027\u5f02\u88c5\u8005\u7684\u59bb\u5b50\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b8b\u9177\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff0c\u5979\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u5e26\u7740\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u751f\u6d3b\u2014\u2014\u4f34\u4fa3\u53ef\u80fd\u968f\u65f6\u5f00\u59cb\u4ee5\u5176\u60f3\u8c61\u7684\u300c\u5973\u6027\u300d\u8eab\u4efd\u5168\u5929\u5019\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u4f7f\u5979\u4eec\u9677\u5165\u8fc7\u5ea6\u8b66\u89c9\u548c\u538b\u529b\u7684\u72b6\u6001(Erhardt,2007)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u7ebf\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u793e\u533a\u63a5\u89e6\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u5b9e\u8df5\u7684\u5f02\u88c5\u8005\uff0c\u6bd4\u8d77\u7ef4\u6301\u73b0\u72b6\u66f4\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u66f4\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u6e34\u671b\u3002\u6d77\u4f26\u00b7\u535a\u4f0a\u5fb7\u66fe\u64b0\u5199\u4e24\u672c\u6709\u5173\u5f02\u88c5\u7656\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u5e76\u548c\u5979\u7684\u4e08\u592b\u8d1d\u8482\u4e00\u8d77\u8fdb\u884c\u5de1\u56de\u6f14\u8bb2\uff0c\u89e3\u91ca\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u3002\u5979\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u5979\u7684\u4e66\u300a\u6211\u7684\u4e08\u592b\u8d1d\u8482(My Husband Betty)\u300b\u51fa\u7248\u540e\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u592b\u59bb\u7acb\u523b\u88ab\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8fd0\u52a8\u5f53\u4f5c\u5178\u578b\uff0c\u8d1d\u8482\u5f00\u59cb\u671d\u7740\u8f6c\u53d8\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u53d1\u5c55\uff1a\u300c\u4e8b\u540e\u6211\u4eec\u624d\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u662f\u5979\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u5973\u6027\u7684\u4e00\u9762\u7684\u63a2\u7d22\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u70b9\u50cf\u6f58\u591a\u62c9\u9b54\u76d2\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u6253\u5f00\u4fbf\u65e0\u6cd5\u5173\u95ed \u300d(Boyd,2007:9)\u3002\u535a\u4f0a\u5fb7\u5982\u6b64\u63cf\u8ff0\u5979\u7684\u5904\u5883\uff1a\u300c\u4e0e\u4e00\u4e2a\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u4f3c\u4e4e\u60f3\u8981\u8f6c\u53d8\u4f46\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u8f6c\u53d8\u7684\u4eba\u4e00\u8d77\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u6709\u70b9\u50cf\u60a3\u4e0a\u521b\u4f24\u540e\u5e94\u6fc0\u969c\u788d\uff0c\u611f\u89c9\u4eff\u4f5b\u4f60\u6d51\u8eab\u4e0a\u4e0b\u90fd\u5904\u4e8e\u4e00\u89e6\u5373\u53d1\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u7b49\u5f85\u5ba3\u5e03\uff0c\u7b49\u5f85\u5371\u673a\u5230\u6765\u300d(Boyd,2007:251)\u3002\u5979\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u4e00\u6bb5\u300e\u6bcf\u5929\u90fd\u63d0\u51fa\u300c\u6218\u6597\u8fd8\u662f\u9003\u8dd1\u7684\u300d\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u300f\u7684\u5a5a\u59fb\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u5229\u4e8e\u957f\u671f\u5e78\u798f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:70px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.2\u81ea\u6211\u751f\u547d\u4e2d\u7684\u82f1\u96c4<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5927\u591a\u6570\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u6587\u732e\u628a\u8f6c\u6362\u8fc7\u7a0b\u63cf\u7ed8\u4e3a\u4e2a\u4f53\u52aa\u529b\u5bfb\u627e\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u3001\u4e00\u573a\u53f2\u8bd7\u822c\u5192\u9669(Lev,2004)\u3002\u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8005\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u4ed6\u4eba\u5982\u4f34\u4fa3\u3001\u59bb\u5b50\u548c\u6bcd\u4eb2\u5374\u627f\u53d7\u7740\u8fd9\u573a\u5192\u9669\u7684\u8d1f\u9762\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u7fa4\u4f53\u6216\u8bb8\u662f\u81ea\u6211\u751f\u547d\u4e2d\u7684\u82f1\u96c4\uff0c\u4f46\u88ab\u4ed6\u4eec\u629b\u5728\u8eab\u540e\u7684\u5973\u4eba\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u4f53\u9a8c\u5230\u8fd9\u4efd\u4e50\u89c2\u3002\u514b\u91cc\u65af\u6c40\u00b7\u8d1d\u6587\u52aa\u6258\u5c06\u5979\u4e08\u592b\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u523b\u753b\u4e3a\u4e00\u573a\u82f1\u96c4\u4e3b\u4e49\u6c42\u7d22\uff1a\u300c\u4ed6\u5c06\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4eba\u751f\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u90e8\u7c7b\u4f3c\u903e\u8d8a\u8282\u6545\u4e8b<sup data-fn=\"c1dcafe3-780b-4b6c-b770-b5c9c158e8a2\" class=\"fn\"><a href=\"#c1dcafe3-780b-4b6c-b770-b5c9c158e8a2\" id=\"c1dcafe3-780b-4b6c-b770-b5c9c158e8a2-link\">1<\/a><\/sup>\u7684\u89e3\u653e\u53f2\u8bd7\u300d(Benvenuto,2012a:22)\u3002\u5979\u5173\u4e8e\u548c\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u4e08\u592b\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u56de\u5fc6\u5f55\u300a\u53d8\u6027(Sex Changes)\u300b\uff0c\u57282012\u5e74\u906d\u5230\u5979\u524d\u592b\u4e3b\u5bfc\u7684\u8bfd\u8c24\u548c\u5664\u58f0\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u653b\u51fb\u3002\u5979\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u5bf9\u4ed6\u7684\u300c\u5d07\u62dc\u8005\u300d\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u300c\u6b89\u9053\u8005\u3001\u5b88\u62a4\u795e\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u591a\u6837\u6027\u7684\u5723\u6bcd\u3002\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u5c71\u8c37\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u671f\u671b\u7740\u8d5e\u8bb8\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u300d(Benvenuto,2012a:237)\u3002\u5f53\u4ed6\u5728\u5979\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u6559\u5802\u53d1\u8868\u6f14\u8bb2\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u300c\u8bb2\u8ff0\u4e86\u4e00\u6bb5\u82f1\u96c4\u6545\u4e8b\u300d(Benvenuto,2012a:259)\u3002\u59bb\u5b50\u5728\u4e0e\u82f1\u96c4\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u662f\u4f8d\u5973\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u6279\u8bc4\u8005\u6216\u963b\u788d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u65b0\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u4e00\u7c7b\u4e34\u5e8a\u6587\u732e\u5f00\u59cb\u627f\u8ba4\u7537\u6027\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u5b9e\u8df5\u5bf9\u5176\u5973\u6027\u4f34\u4fa3\u9020\u6210\u4e25\u91cd\u6709\u5bb3\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u76f4\u5230\u6700\u8fd1\uff0c\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u6587\u732e\u4ecd\u5c06\u4f34\u4fa3\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\u6392\u65a5\u5728\u5916\uff1b\u6839\u636e\u5bb6\u5ead\u548c\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u6cbb\u7597\u5e08\u5510\u5a1c\u00b7\u67e5\u666e\u66fc\u548c\u672c\u6770\u660e\u00b7\u8003\u5fb7\u5a01\u5c14\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\uff0c\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u6587\u732e\u4e00\u76f4\u4ee5TI(Transgender Identified \u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8ba4\u540c\u8005)\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3(Chapman and Caldwell,2012:37)\u3002\u4f46\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8005\u7684\u4f34\u4fa3\u548c\u5bb6\u5ead\u6210\u5458\u65e0\u6cd5\u907f\u514d\u53d7\u5230\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u300cTI\u4eba\u58eb\u4e0d\u53ea\u5411\u81ea\u5df1\u51fa\u67dc\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u5316\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u8ba4\u77e5\u6210\u4e3a\u73b0\u5b9e\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u5f97\u9690\u85cf\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8eab\u4efd\u300d(Chapman and Caldwell,2012:39)\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5bb6\u5ead\u300c\u522b\u65e0\u9009\u62e9\u300d\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u300c\u65e0\u8bba\u559c\u6b22\u4e0e\u5426\uff0c\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u5e94\u5bf9\uff0c\u800c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e00\u76f4\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e0eTI\u4f34\u4fa3\u7684\u8bc4\u4f30\u548c\u6cbb\u7597\u8fc7\u7a0b\u65e0\u5173\u7d27\u8981\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u88ab\u8fb9\u7f18\u5316\u4e86\u300d(ibid.)\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f02\u88c5\u7537\u6027\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u89c2\u4f17\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u516c\u5f00\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8eab\u4efd\u5c06\u6beb\u65e0\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u800c\u5bb6\u5ead\u6210\u5458\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u8feb\u6210\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u6279\u89c2\u4f17\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u4ed6\u4eec\u591a\u4e48\u4e0d\u60c5\u613f\u3002\u5927\u591a\u6570\u548c\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8005\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u6cbb\u7597\u5e08\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u5df2\u4ece\u8fd9\u7c7b\u6cbb\u7597\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u7279\u5b9a\u5c0f\u4f17\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c\u91c7\u7eb3\u5176\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u5ba2\u6237\u8ba4\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u82f1\u96c4\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u800c\u65e0\u89c6\u5bf9\u4f34\u4fa3\u9020\u6210\u7684\u4f24\u5bb3\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f24\u5bb3\u4f1a\u524a\u5f31\u82f1\u96c4\u6545\u4e8b\u811a\u672c\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u8389\u838e\u00b7\u67e5\u65af\u9610\u8ff0\u7684\uff0c\u533b\u751f\u548c\u4fdd\u9669\u516c\u53f8\u503e\u5411\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8f6c\u53d8\u5bf9\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8005\u5177\u6709\u7597\u6548\uff0c\u800c\u300c\u4f34\u4fa3\u7ad9\u51fa\u6765\u627f\u8ba4\u9700\u8981\u652f\u6301\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u98ce\u9669\u592a\u5927\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5371\u53ca\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8005\u8f6c\u6362\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u300d\uff0c\u6216\u8bb8\u8fd8\u4f1a\u7834\u574f\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u533b\u7597\u4fdd\u9669\u7d22\u8d54(Chase,2011:430)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u963f\u6797\u90a3\u00b7\u83b1\u5f17\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u6301\u300c\u82f1\u96c4\u6c42\u7d22\u300d\u89c2\u70b9\u7684\u6cbb\u7597\u5e08\uff0c\u5979\u5bf9\u9971\u53d7\u75db\u82e6\u7684\u59bb\u5b50\u548c\u5973\u6027\u4f34\u4fa3\u7f3a\u4e4f\u540c\u60c5\u3002\u5979\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8005\u73b0\u8eab(Transgender Emergence)\u300b\u6807\u699c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3a\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u7fa4\u4f53\u53ca\u5176\u5bb6\u4eba\u63d0\u4f9b\u6cbb\u7597\u7684\u6a21\u677f\u3002\u83b1\u5f17\u5bf9\u4f34\u4fa3\u80fd\u4ece\u652f\u6301\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8005\u4e2d\u83b7\u76ca\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u4fdd\u6301\u6beb\u4e0d\u52a8\u6447\u7684\u4e50\u89c2\u6001\u5ea6\u3002\u5979\u89e3\u91ca\u8bf4\uff0c\u4f20\u7edf\u4e0a\uff0c\u6cbb\u7597\u5e08\u671f\u671b\u7537\u65b9\u79bb\u5f00\u59bb\u5b50\uff0c\u300e\u4ece\u672a\u4ece\u5bf9\u65b9\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\u5f85\u5f53\u4e0b\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u95ee\u914d\u5076\u80fd\u5426\u5b9e\u73b0\u8db3\u591f\u5927\u7684\u6210\u957f\u548c\u6539\u53d8\u6765\u652f\u6301\u4e08\u592b\u8de8\u8d8a\u751f\u7406\u6027\u522b\u7684\u300c\u9700\u6c42\u300d\u300f(Lev,2004:16)\u3002\u5973\u6027\u4f34\u4fa3\u7684\u300c\u9700\u6c42\u300d\u5e76\u672a\u5f97\u5230\u627f\u8ba4\u3002\u5979\u9f13\u52b1\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e3a\u4f34\u4fa3\u63d0\u4f9b\u6cbb\u7597\u7684\u540c\u884c\u770b\u5230\u300c\u62e5\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u4f34\u4fa3\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4ee4\u4eba\u7740\u8ff7\u3001\u4ee4\u4eba\u5174\u594b\u6216\u4ee4\u4eba\u5411\u5f80\u7684\u300d(Lev,2004:17)\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u64b0\u5199\u4eb2\u8eab\u7ecf\u5386\u7684\u59bb\u5b50\u548c\u4f34\u4fa3\u4eec\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u8ba4\u540c\u8fd9\u79cd\u79ef\u6781\u89c2\u70b9(Benvenuto,2012;Erhardt,2007)\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5979\u4eec\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u5728\u538b\u529b\u548c\u6240\u73cd\u89c6\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u571f\u5d29\u74e6\u89e3\u4e2d\u8270\u96be\u6c42\u751f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5f17\u5409\u5c3c\u4e9a\u00b7\u57c3\u5c14\u54c8\u7279\uff0c\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u4f4d\u4e13\u957f\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u6cbb\u7597\u7684\u6cbb\u7597\u5e08\uff0c\u5979\u5bf9\u59bb\u5b50\u4eec\u7684\u540c\u7406\u5fc3\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e0d\u6bd4\u83b1\u5f17\u591a\u3002\u57c3\u5c14\u54c8\u7279\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u7279\u6574\u7406\u59bb\u5b50\u4eec\u7684\u53d9\u4e8b\u96c6\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5979\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u59bb\u5b50\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u652f\u6301\uff1a\u300c\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u751f\u7406\u5973\u6027\u4f34\u4fa3\u88ab\u8bad\u7ec3\u5f97\u8fc7\u4e8e\u5173\u6ce8\u4e08\u592b\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u2026\u2026\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u5979\u4eec\u5e38\u5e38\u5931\u53bb\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u58f0\u97f3\u300d(Erhardt,2007:2)\u3002\u4f46\u57c3\u5c14\u54c8\u7279\u575a\u5b9a\u62e5\u62a4\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\uff0c\u5373\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e08\u592b\u4eec\u8fd9\u4e48\u505a\u53ea\u662f\u60c5\u4e0d\u81ea\u7981\uff0c\u5979\u8fd8\u6559\u5bfc\u8bf4\uff0c\u7537\u6027\u5f02\u88c5\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e0e\u4e2a\u4eba\u9009\u62e9\u6216\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u65e0\u5173\uff1a\u300e\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5973\u6027\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u7262\u8bb0\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u7ecf\u5386\u7684\u4eba\u662f\u4e0d\u81ea\u4e3b\u7684\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u6211\u542c\u5230\u90a3\u4e9b\u79bb\u5f00\u7684\u5973\u6027\u575a\u6301\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5979\u4eec\u7684\u4f34\u4fa3\u662f\u5728\u8349\u7387\u5730\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u79cd\u300c\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u300d\u300f(Erhardt,2007:6)\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6587\u96c6\u4e2d\u59bb\u5b50\u4eec\u652f\u6301\u5e76\u7559\u4f4f\u4e08\u592b\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4f46\u5979\u4eec\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u4ecd\u662f\u672c\u7ae0\u6709\u7528\u7684\u4e00\u624b\u8d44\u6599\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u8be6\u7ec6\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u5979\u4eec\u7ecf\u5386\u7684\u6781\u5176\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u538b\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u627f\u8ba4\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u5b9e\u8df5\u5bf9\u59bb\u5b50\u9020\u6210\u4f24\u5bb3\u7684\u6781\u5c11\u6570\u6cbb\u7597\u5e08\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u7c7b\u4f24\u5bb3\u975e\u5e38\u4e25\u91cd\u3002\u67e5\u666e\u66fc\u548c\u8003\u5fb7\u5a01\u5c14\u79f0\u8fd9\u79cd\u4f24\u5bb3\u79f0\u4e3a\u300c\u4f9d\u604b\u521b\u4f24\u300d\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u7c7b\u578b\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u6d89\u53ca\u300c\u4fe1\u4efb\u88ab\u4fb5\u72af\u6216\u80cc\u53db\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4f34\u968f\u4f34\u4fa3\u7684\u65e0\u6cd5\u63a5\u8fd1\u300d(Chapman and Caldwell,2012:44)\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u89e3\u91ca\u8bf4\uff0c\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8005\u7684\u4f34\u4fa3\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u300c\u672a\u8ba1\u5212\u4e14\u4e0d\u53ef\u63a7\u300d\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u548c\u8eab\u4efd\u8f6c\u53d8(Chapman and Caldwell,2012:37)\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5979\u4eec\u7684\u4f34\u4fa3\u6b63\u8e0f\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ecf\u8fc7\u957f\u671f\u8ba1\u5212\u548c\u9884\u671f\u7684\u63a2\u7d22\u4e4b\u65c5\u3002\u9762\u5bf9\u8f6c\u53d8\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u88ab\u629b\u4e0b\u7684\u4f34\u4fa3\u53ef\u80fd\u906d\u53d7\u7684\u75db\u82e6\u300c\u7b26\u5408\u521b\u4f24\u5b9a\u4e49\u300d(Chapman and Caldwell,2012:43)\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u89e3\u91ca\u79f0\uff0c\u4f9d\u604b\u521b\u4f24\u300c\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0a\u975e\u5e38\u7c7b\u4f3c\u521b\u4f24\u540e\u5e94\u6fc0\u969c\u788d(PTSD)\u7684\u635f\u4f24\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u4ee5\u521b\u4f24\u6027\u95ea\u56de\u3001\u56de\u907f\u3001\u8fc7\u5ea6\u8b66\u89c9\u548c\u89e3\u79bb\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u91cd\u65b0\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u662f\u538b\u5012\u6027\u7684\u300d(Chapman and Caldwell,2012:45)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:70px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.3\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8005\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e3b\u4e49<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7ed9\u59bb\u5b50\u9020\u6210\u4f24\u5bb3\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u6e90\u5934\u662f\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8005\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002\u59bb\u5b50\u548c\u4f34\u4fa3\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u611f\u5230\u75db\u82e6\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8005\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u53ea\u6709\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u63a2\u7d22\u624d\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u65e2\u4e0d\u8ba4\u771f\u5bf9\u5f85\u7ed9\u4f34\u4fa3\u9020\u6210\u7684\u75db\u82e6\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5bf9\u6b64\u611f\u5230\u56f0\u60d1\u3002\u67e5\u666e\u66fc\u548c\u8003\u5fb7\u5a01\u5c14\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u7fa4\u4f53\u96be\u4ee5\u6b63\u89c6\u4f34\u4fa3\u53d7\u5230\u7684\u4f24\u5bb3\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u300c\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8eab\u4efd\u8ba4\u540c\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u8fc7\u7a0b\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u5e26\u6709\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e3b\u4e49\u503e\u5411\u300d(Chapman and Caldwell,2012:47)\u3002\u6d77\u4f26\u00b7\u535a\u4f0a\u5fb7\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u4e00\u4f4d\u670b\u53cb\u628a\u8fd9\u7c7b\u884c\u4e3a\u79f0\u4f5c\u300c\u7537\u6027\u81ea\u95ed\u75c7\u300d(Boyd,2007:255)\u3002\u57c3\u5c14\u54c8\u7279\u6587\u96c6\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4f4d\u59bb\u5b50\u5bf9\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u4e08\u592b\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e3b\u4e49\u63d0\u51fa\u7c7b\u4f3c\u770b\u6cd5\uff1a\u300c\u4ece\u5f00\u59cb\u8f6c\u53d8\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u523b\u8d77\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u53ea\u5173\u4e4e\u9c8d\u6bd4\u7684\u68a6\u60f3\u3001\u613f\u671b\u548c\u9700\u6c42\u300d(Erhardt,2007:120)\u3002\u7537\u6027\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u73b0\u8c61\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u7537\u6027\u7279\u6743\uff0c\u4e0d\u5e94\u88ab\u65e0\u5173\u987e\u8651\u7684\u675f\u7f1a\u3002\u6709\u5173\u7537\u6027\u5728\u5176\u5b83\u60c5\u5883\u5bf9\u5973\u6027\u4f34\u4fa3\u65bd\u8650\u7684\u6587\u732e\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u540c\u60c5\u5fc3\u7f3a\u5931(Harne,2011)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7537\u6027\u8eab\u4f53\u7684\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8005\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u540c\u60c5\u5fc3\uff0c\u8868\u73b0\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u9009\u62e9\u5411\u59bb\u5b50\u300c\u51fa\u67dc\u300d\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0a\u3002\u57c3\u5c14\u54c8\u7279\u91c7\u8bbf\u7684\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5973\u6027\u5728\u7ed3\u5a5a\u65f6\u5bf9\u4f34\u4fa3\u5f02\u88c5\u6beb\u4e0d\u77e5\u60c5\u3002\u5979\u4eec\u90fd\u5728\u5a5a\u540e\u624d\u53d1\u89c9\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u5728\u7ed3\u5a5a\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u6216\u66f4\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u540e\u624d\u77e5\u9053\u3002\u5728\u90e8\u5206\u6848\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u514b\u91cc\u65af\u6c40\u00b7\u8d1d\u6587\u52aa\u6258\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\uff0c\u4e08\u592b\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u5a5a\u540e\u65e9\u671f\u5076\u5c14\u63d0\u5230\u5f02\u88c5\uff0c\u4f46\u59bb\u5b50\u5f80\u5f80\u5e76\u672a\u5f53\u771f(Benvenuto,2012a)\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u8d1d\u6587\u52aa\u6258\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\uff0c\u5979\u600e\u4e48\u4e5f\u60f3\u4e0d\u5230\u5f02\u88c5\u6307\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u65e5\u540e\u4f1a\u5347\u7ea7\u5e76\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5076\u5c14\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u7231\u597d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u4e08\u592b\u4eec\u5728\u51b3\u5b9a\u516c\u5f00\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u55dc\u597d\u65f6\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u987e\u53ca\u59bb\u5b50\u4eec\u7684\u611f\u53d7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4ece\u591a\u4f4d\u59bb\u5b50\u7684\u53d9\u8ff0\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u4e08\u592b\u7a81\u7136\u4ee5\u300c\u6253\u626e\u300d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u6beb\u65e0\u9632\u5907\u4e14\u6781\u5ea6\u9707\u60ca\u7684\u4f34\u4fa3\u9762\u524d\u51fa\u67dc\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u4f3c\u4e4e\u76f8\u5f53\u5e38\u89c1\u3002\u8fd9\u6b63\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u7ad9\u521b\u59cb\u4eba\u7684\u4eb2\u8eab\u7ecf\u5386\uff0c\u8be5\u7f51\u7ad9\u4e13\u95e8\u652f\u6301\u90a3\u4e9b\u56e0\u4e08\u592b\u5f02\u88c5\u300c\u6323\u624e\u300d\u7684\u5973\u6027\uff0c\u5979\u6df1\u5207\u8bc9\u8bf4\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u7684\u75db\u82e6(Crossdresserswives.com,n.d.a)\u3002\u5979\u5f53\u65f6\u6b63\u51c6\u5907\u4eab\u7528\u672c\u5e94\u6d6a\u6f2b\u7684\u9664\u5915\u591c\u665a\u9910\uff0c\u5979\u7684\u4e08\u592b\u8bf4\u4ed6\u6709\u4ef6\u4e8b\u8981\u544a\u8bc9\u5979\uff0c\u4f46\u9700\u8981\u5148\u4e0a\u697c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5c55\u793a\u6bd4\u53e3\u8ff0\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u3002\u5341\u5206\u949f\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u4ee5\u5f02\u88c5\u5f62\u8c61\u73b0\u8eab\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u6700\u7ec8\uff0c\u4ed6\u8d70\u4e0b\u90a3\u534e\u4e3d\u3001\u5bbd\u655e\u7684\u697c\u68af\uff0c\u7a7f\u7740\u4ed6\u90a3\u4ef6\u957f\u7684\u3001\u7ea2\u8272\u7684\u3001\u4e1d\u7ef8\u7684\u3001\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\u5e76\u65e0\u5176\u4ed6\u5f20\u626c\u4e4b\u5904\u7684\u957f\u888d\u3002\u4ed6\u5750\u5728\u6211\u8eab\u8fb9\uff0c\u9ed8\u9ed8\u89e3\u5f00\u888d\u5b50\u3002\u6211\u7acb\u523b\u505c\u6b62\u4e86\u547c\u5438\u2014\u2014\u65e2\u5438\u4e0d\u8fdb\u4e5f\u547c\u4e0d\u51fa\u3002\u6211\u50f5\u4f4f\u4e86\u3002\u4ed6\u773c\u4e2d\u7684\u67d0\u79cd\u4e1c\u897f\u8ba9\u6211\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u8fd9\u4e0d\u662f\u73a9\u7b11\u3002\u4ed6\u662f\u65e0\u6bd4\u8ba4\u771f\u7684\u3002\u90a3\u65f6\u4ed6\u7a7f\u7740\u672c\u8be5\u662f\u6211\u7684\u9ed1\u8272\u4e1d\u889c\u548c\u914d\u5957\u7684\u9ed1\u8272\u857e\u4e1d\u540a\u889c\u5e26\u2014\u2014\u4ed6\u66fe\u6781\u529b\u575a\u6301\u6211\u9700\u8981\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7269\u54c1\u2014\u2014\u5728\u6211\u52aa\u529b\u7528\u540c\u60c5\u53bb\u7406\u89e3\u6240\u7231\u7684\u4eba\u5410\u9732\u51fa\u957f\u671f\u4ee5\u6765\u7a7f\u5973\u6027\u5185\u8863\u7684\u6e34\u671b\u65f6\u3002\u7136\u540e\u4ed6\u60f3\u8981\u548c\u6211\u53d1\u751f\u6027\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\">\u2014\u2014Crossdresserswives.com<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5979\u5141\u8bb8\u81ea\u5df1\u53e3\u4e2d\u7684\u300c\u6027\u6e38\u620f\u300d\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5979\u300c\u7231\u4ed6\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u613f\u610f\u5e2e\u4ed6\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u79cd\u602a\u5f02\u7684\u6027\u604b\u7269\u7656\u300d\uff0c\u4f46\u5979\u53d1\u73b0\u8fd9\u6bb5\u7ecf\u5386\u662f\u300c\u4ee4\u4eba\u9707\u60ca\u3001\u4e0d\u5b89\u3001\u8f9b\u9178\u3001\u6beb\u65e0\u5feb\u4e50\u548c\u6cae\u4e27\u7684\u300d\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4ed6\u8bf4\u8fd9\u662f\u300c\u4ed6\u6709\u8fc7\u7684\u6700\u597d\u7684\u6027\u7ecf\u5386\u300d\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u5bf9\u5979\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u300c\u8fc4\u4eca\u4e3a\u6b62\u6700\u7cdf\u7cd5\u3001\u6700\u52a0\u5267\u6050\u60e7\u7684\u6027\u7ecf\u5386\u300d\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8ba9\u5979\u60f3\u8d77\u81ea\u5df1\u5341\u516b\u5c81\u65f6\u88ab\u7ea6\u4f1a\u5f3a\u5978\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\uff0c\u90a3\u662f\u300c\u6211\u552f\u4e00\u4e00\u6b21\u611f\u5230\u5982\u6b64\u65e0\u529b\u300d\u3002\u5979\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u4e24\u6b21\u300c\u4e0d\u60c5\u613f\u7684\u6027\u884c\u4e3a\u300d\u5bf9\u5979\u9020\u6210\u5fc3\u7406\u521b\u4f24\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u300c\u53ef\u618e\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3001\u662f\u80cc\u53db\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u611f\u5230\u65e0\u5c3d\u7684(\u5c3d\u7ba1\u662f\u6c89\u9ed8\u7684)\u6050\u60e7\u3001\u88ab\u4fb5\u72af\u548c\u6c61\u79fd\u300d(Crossdresserswives.com,n.d.a)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8005\u7684\u59bb\u5b50\u5728\u53d1\u73b0\u4e08\u592b\u5f02\u88c5\u65f6\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u7ecf\u5386\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u60c5\u7eea\u4f53\u9a8c\u3002\u6700\u521d\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u4ece\u832b\u7136\u3001\u96be\u4ee5\u7f6e\u4fe1\u5230\u9707\u60ca\uff0c\u518d\u5230\u5bb3\u6015\u88ab\u4ed6\u4eba\u53d1\u73b0\u800c\u611f\u5230\u5c34\u5c2c(Erhardt,2007)\u3002\u5728\u57c3\u5c14\u54c8\u7279\u7684\u6587\u96c6\u4e2d\uff0c\u5973\u6027\u4eec\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u88ab\u4fb5\u72af\u548c\u5f3a\u70c8\u618e\u6076\u7684\u611f\u53d7(ibid.)\u3002\u4e00\u4f4d\u59bb\u5b50\u5bf9\u4e08\u592b\u5254\u5149\u4f53\u6bdb\u611f\u5230\u538c\u6076\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u63a5\u53d7\u4ed6\u8fd9\u79cd\u65e0\u6bdb\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4f4d\u59bb\u5b50\u8bf4\u5979\u611f\u5230\u751f\u7406\u4e0d\u9002\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u53cd\u5e94\u5305\u62ec\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u5b64\u72ec\u611f\u3001\u611f\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u4e0d\u591f\u597d\u3001\u5931\u7720\u548c\u9891\u7e41\u54ed\u6ce3\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u56e0\u6027\u62d2\u7edd\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u6027\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u4e0d\u8db3\u7684\u611f\u53d7(Buxton,2006)\u3002\u5728\u57c3\u5c14\u54c8\u7279\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u4f4d\u5973\u6027\u5728\u5f7b\u591c\u672a\u7720\u540e\u51b3\u5b9a\u81ea\u6740\uff0c\u4f46\u6700\u7ec8\u6ca1\u8fd9\u4e48\u505a\u3002\u5bf9\u90a3\u4e9b\u5728\u7ed3\u5a5a\u65f6\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u4e08\u592b\u5f02\u88c5\u7684\u5973\u6027\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u666e\u904d\u4e14\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u662f\u56e0\u6b3a\u9a97\u800c\u611f\u5230\u80cc\u53db\u548c\u4fe1\u4efb\u4e27\u5931(ibid.)\u3002\u672c\u7ae0\u91c7\u8bbf\u7684\u4e00\u4f4d\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8005\u7684\u4f34\u4fa3\u8bb2\u8ff0\u4e86\u5979\u7684\u4e08\u592b\u5bf9\u5979\u906d\u53d7\u7684\u75db\u82e6\u662f\u591a\u4e48\u6f20\u89c6\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u611f\u89c9\u5c31\u50cf\u6211\u6389\u8fdb\u5154\u5b50\u6d1e\u3002\u4ed6\u7528\u300c\u563f\uff0c\u653e\u8f7b\u677e\uff0c\u4f60\u603b\u662f\u628a\u6bcf\u4ef6\u4e8b\u90fd\u770b\u5f97\u592a\u91cd\u8981\u2014\u2014\u6ca1\u4eba\u80fd\u9884\u77e5\u672a\u6765\u300d\u6765\u6577\u884d\u6211\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u90a3\u4e00\u523b\u6211\u611f\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6050\u60e7\u548c\u75db\u82e6\u88ab\u8d2c\u4f4e\u548c\u65e0\u89c6\u4e86\u3002\u6211\u611f\u5230\u5b8c\u5168\u5b64\u7acb\u65e0\u63f4\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:70px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.4\u4fe1\u4efb\u95ee\u9898<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e00\u4e9b\u53d9\u8ff0\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u59bb\u5b50\u548c\u4f34\u4fa3\u6240\u7ecf\u5386\u7684\u75db\u82e6\u5f3a\u5ea6\u4f1a\u56e0\u62ab\u9732\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u8282\u70b9\u800c\u52a0\u5267\u3002\u90a3\u4e9b\u5728\u5a5a\u524d\u6216\u5a5a\u540e\u4e0d\u4e45\u5c31\u77e5\u9053\u4e08\u592b\u5f02\u88c5\u7684\u5973\u6027\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u63a5\u53d7\u5f02\u88c5\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4f46\u5f53\u5f02\u88c5\u53d1\u5c55\u5230\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7537\u6027\u5f00\u59cb\u8d28\u7591\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u751f\u7406\u6027\u522b\u5e76\u8ba4\u540c\u4e3a\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8005\u800c\u975e\u5f02\u88c5\u8005\u7684\u9636\u6bb5\u65f6\uff0c\u5979\u4eec\u4f1a\u5bf9\u6b64\u611f\u5230\u9707\u60ca(Erhardt,2007)\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u4e08\u592b\u5728\u54ea\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u516c\u5f00\u5176\u5f02\u88c5\u884c\u4e3a\u5e76\u4e0d\u91cd\u8981\uff1b\u4f34\u4fa3\u4eec\u4ecd\u7136\u611f\u5230\u88ab\u6b3a\u9a97\u3001\u4fe1\u4efb\u7834\u88c2\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u65e2\u65e0\u6cd5\u76f8\u4fe1\u4f34\u4fa3\u7684\u8bdd\u6216\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5224\u65ad(Buxton,2006)\u3002\u90a3\u4e9b\u5a5a\u524d\u88ab\u8499\u5728\u9f13\u91cc\u7684\u59bb\u5b50\u62d2\u7edd\u63a5\u53d7\u4e08\u592b\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u62d2\u7edd\u63a5\u53d7\u4e08\u592b\u4ee5\u5bb3\u6015\u6c42\u5a5a\u88ab\u62d2\u4e3a\u7531\u800c\u4e0d\u900f\u9732\u300c\u79d8\u5bc6\u300d\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u5979\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u6bb5\u5a5a\u59fb\u662f\u300c\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u6b3a\u9a97\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b11\u8bdd\u300d(Erhardt,2007:34)\u3002\u4e00\u4f4d\u5973\u6027\u575a\u79f0\u5979\u6709\u6743\u51b3\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u60f3\u8981\u5ac1\u7ed9\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f02\u88c5\u8005\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u300c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e0d\u80fd\u7531\u4ed6\u66ff\u6211\u505a\u300d(Erhardt,2007:51)\u3002\u514b\u91cc\u65af\u6c40\u00b7\u8d1d\u6587\u52aa\u6258\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u5979\u7ecf\u5386\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u4e27\u5931\u611f\u3002\u5979\u548c\u4e08\u592b\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u5728\u77ac\u95f4\u53d8\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u8c0e\u8a00\uff0c\u5979\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\u5931\u53bb\u90a3\u4e9b\u5171\u540c\u56de\u5fc6\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote 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class=\"has-text-align-right\">\u2014\u2014Benvenuto,2012a:84<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5979\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u7279\u857e\u897f\u544a\u8bc9\u5979\uff0c\u300c\u6211\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e8c\u5341\u591a\u5e74\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5e76\u672a\u53d1\u751f\u300d(Benvenuto,2012a:88)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u79cd\u4fe1\u4efb\u80cc\u53db\u8fd8\u4f1a\u5ef6\u4f38\u5230\u4e08\u592b\u5bf9\u5f85\u5b50\u5973\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0a\u3002\u8d1d\u6587\u52aa\u6258\u89e3\u91ca\u8bf4\uff0c\u5979\u7684\u4e08\u592b\u628a\u5979\u5e74\u5e7c\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u4eec\u5f53\u4f5c\u8868\u6f14\u4e2d\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u5e76\u8bd5\u56fe\u5411\u5979\u9690\u7792\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u5b69\u5b50\u4eec\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u7279\u857e\u897f\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u548c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5a5a\u59fb\u7834\u88c2\uff0c\u6beb\u65e0\u7591\u95ee\u662f\u6574\u4e2a\u6545\u4e8b\u4e2d\u6700\u4e11\u964b\u548c\u75db\u82e6\u7684\u4e00\u9762\u300d(Benvenuto,2012a:119)\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u5e74\u5e7c\u7684\u5c0f\u5973\u513f\u9762\u524d\u300c\u88c5\u626e\u300d\uff0c\u5728\u5973\u513f\u5c06\u6b64\u4e8b\u544a\u8bc9\u6bcd\u4eb2\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bf4\u6ca1\u6599\u5230\u5c0f\u5973\u513f\u80fd\u7528\u8bed\u8a00\u63cf\u8ff0\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b(Benvenuto,2012a:80)\u3002\u5f53\u4ed6\u516b\u5c81\u7684\u5973\u513f\u53bb\u63a2\u671b\u7236\u4eb2\u65f6\uff0c\u5979\u548c\u6bcd\u4eb2\u8bf4\uff0c\u7236\u4eb2\u8ba9\u5979\u4e00\u540c\u8fdb\u884c\u5f02\u88c5\uff0c\u300c\u6bcf\u6b21\u6211\u53bb\u7238\u7238\u90a3\u91cc\uff0c\u4ed6\u4f1a\u628a\u4ed6\u7684\u978b\u5b50\u548c\u9996\u9970\u7ed9\u6211\u8bd5\u7a7f\u3002\u6211\u7ed9\u4ed6\u505a\u5934\u53d1\u3002\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u4e00\u8d77\u5316\u5986\u300d(Benvenuto,2012a:142)\u3002\u6700\u7ec8\uff0c\u5973\u513f\u62d2\u7edd\u63a2\u671b\u7236\u4eb2\uff0c\u62d2\u7edd\u548c\u4ed6\u5355\u72ec\u76f8\u5904\uff0c\u5e76\u8868\u793a\u81ea\u5df1\u5bb3\u6015\u4ed6\u3002\u5973\u513f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5979\u62d2\u7edd\u73a9\u626e\u88c5\u6e38\u620f\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u4f1a\u52c3\u7136\u5927\u6012\uff1a\u300c\u4ed6\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\uff0c\u6211\u5fc5\u987b\u5411\u4ed6\u5c55\u793a\u5982\u4f55\u505a\u4e2a\u5973\u5b69\uff01\u2026\u2026\u4ed6\u8bf4\u81ea\u5df1\u4ece\u6765\u6ca1\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5973\u5b69\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u60f3\u901a\u8fc7\u6211\u6765\u4f53\u9a8c\u8fd9\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u611f\u89c9\uff01\u300d(Benvenuto,2012a:150)\u3002\u6839\u636e\u8d1d\u6587\u52aa\u6258\u7684\u53d9\u8ff0\uff0c\u663e\u7136\u5979\u7684\u4e08\u592b\u5c06\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5174\u81f4\u7f6e\u4e8e\u5b50\u5973\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u4e4b\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:70px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.5\u7cbe\u795e\u66b4\u529b<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u4e08\u592b\u4eec\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u8d85\u8d8a\u5bf9\u4f34\u4fa3\u75db\u82e6\u7f3a\u4e4f\u540c\u7406\u5fc3\u7684\u8303\u7574\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u5177\u8650\u5f85\u6027\u3002\u5728\u514b\u91cc\u65af\u6c40\u00b7\u8d1d\u6587\u52aa\u6258\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u8650\u5f85\u5f62\u5f0f\u662f\u6307\u8d23\u5979\u7cbe\u795e\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\uff1a\u300e\u300c\u4f60\u6709\u75c5\u300d\uff0c\u6bcf\u5f53\u6211\u5bf9\u4ed6\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u63d0\u51fa\u53cd\u5bf9\u65f6\uff0c\u7279\u96f7\u897f\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fd9\u4e48\u8bf4\u6211\u3002\u300c\u4f60\u7cbe\u795e\u6709\u6bdb\u75c5\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6ca1\u4eba\u50cf\u4f60\u8fd9\u4e48\u60f3\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u90fd\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6211\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u5f88\u68d2\u300d\u300f(Benvenuto,2012a:85)\u3002\u5979\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u8fd8\u91c7\u53d6\u5176\u4ed6\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u9738\u51cc\u548c\u5a01\u80c1\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u300c\u7279\u857e\u897f\u300d\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u300c\u5a01\u80c1\u3001\u6050\u5413\u3001\u5236\u5b9a\u89c4\u5219\u5e76\u8981\u6c42\u6211\u9075\u5b88\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8bf4\u7279\u857e\u897f\u6b63\u5728\u53d8\u6210\u5973\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u5374\u4ece\u672a\u8868\u73b0\u5f97\u5982\u6b64\u7537\u6027\u5316\u2014\u2014\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5a5a\u59fb\u4e2d\u4ece\u672a\u6709\u8fc7\u7684\u66b4\u8650\u548c\u6076\u9738\u300d(Benvenuto,2012a:70)\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ba9\u5979\u670d\u4ece\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u53d1\u51fa\u5a01\u80c1\u5305\u62ec\u58f0\u79f0\u5982\u679c\u5979\u80c6\u6562\u79bb\u5f00\u4ed6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4f1a\u5e26\u8d70\u4e09\u4e2a\u5b69\u5b50\u3002\u57c3\u5c14\u54c8\u7279\u6587\u96c6\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4f4d\u59bb\u5b50\uff0c\u5728\u4e08\u592b\u60c5\u7eea\u5d29\u6e83\u5e76\u4e24\u6b21\u4f4f\u9662\u540e\uff0c\u5c06\u4ed6\u63a5\u56de\u5bb6\u4e00\u8d77\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u4ed6(\u5728\u8fd9\u6bb5\u53d9\u8ff0\u4e2d\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u300c\u5979\u300d)\u5f00\u59cb\u901a\u8fc7\u4eba\u8eab\u4fae\u8fb1\u5bf9\u5979\u65bd\u52a0\u7cbe\u795e\u66b4\u529b\uff1a\u300c\u4e94\u6708\uff0c\u5979\u5f00\u59cb\u63a7\u8bc9\u6211\u505a\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4f24\u5bb3\u5979\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u5979\u8fd8\u8bf4\u6211\u95fb\u8d77\u6765\u5f88\u81ed\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u521a\u6d17\u5b8c\u6fa1\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6211\u78b0\u5979\u4ee4\u5979\u611f\u5230\u4e0d\u9002\u300d (Erhardt,2007:120)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u90e8\u5206\u6848\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e08\u592b\u53ef\u80fd\u5e76\u975e\u6545\u610f\u9020\u6210\u4f24\u5bb3\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4ecd\u7136\u9020\u6210\u4e25\u91cd\u56f0\u6270\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5f02\u88c5\u8005\u7684\u59bb\u5b50\u4eec\u90fd\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff0c\u5f53\u5979\u4eec\u7684\u4e08\u592b\u51fa\u4ee5\u300c\u5973\u6027\u300d\u8eab\u4efd\u51fa\u67dc\u65f6\uff0c\u5979\u4eec\u88ab\u8981\u6c42\u300c\u8fdb\u5165\u67dc\u5b50<sup data-fn=\"fff630a7-ace8-4af8-8f94-3774faab6f9a\" class=\"fn\"><a href=\"#fff630a7-ace8-4af8-8f94-3774faab6f9a\" id=\"fff630a7-ace8-4af8-8f94-3774faab6f9a-link\">2<\/a><\/sup>\u300d\u3002\u57c3\u5c14\u54c8\u7279\u7684\u6587\u96c6\u4e2d\u6709\u51e0\u4f4d\u59bb\u5b50\u7528\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9690\u55bb\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4f4d\u59bb\u5b50\u8c08\u53ca\u81ea\u5df1\u548c\u5973\u513f\u65f6\u8bf4\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u6700\u6028\u6068\u7684\u662f\u4ed6\u628a\u6211\u4eec\u5173\u8fdb\u67dc\u5b50\u91cc\u300d(Erhardt,2007:126)\u3002\u5979\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u81ea\u5df1\u65e0\u6cd5\u83b7\u5f97\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5979\u4eec\u88ab\u671f\u671b\u548c\u540c\u4e08\u592b\u4e00\u540c\u300c\u4ee5\u5973\u6027\u8eab\u4efd\u300d\u5916\u51fa\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u5f97\u5411\u670b\u53cb\u548c\u5bb6\u4eba\u900f\u9732\u5b9e\u60c5\u3002\u56f0\u6270\u59bb\u5b50\u4eec\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff0c\u5979\u4eec\u611f\u89c9\u4e08\u592b\u4eec\u60f3\u4ee5\u5bc4\u751f\u65b9\u5f0f\u53d6\u4ee3\u5979\u4eec\uff0c\u63a5\u7ba1\u5979\u4eec\u4eba\u683c\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u4e00\u4f4d\u59bb\u5b50\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\uff0c\u300c\u6709\u65f6\u611f\u89c9\u7b80\u60f3\u548c\u6211\u878d\u4e3a\u4e00\u4f53\uff0c\u6211\u4eff\u4f5b\u88ab\u541e\u566c\u4e86\u300d(Erhardt,2007:165)\u3002\u8d1d\u6587\u52aa\u6258\u7528\u7c7b\u4f3c\u65b9\u5f0f\u63cf\u8ff0\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u300c\u4ed6\u5e76\u4e0d\u60f3\u548c\u6211\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u4ed6\u60f3\u6210\u4e3a\u6211\u300d\uff08Benvenuto, 2012a\uff09\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u4f4d\u59bb\u5b50\u89e3\u91ca\u9053\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u8fd9\u91cc\u6d89\u53ca\u300c\u9886\u5730\u300d\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u4ed6\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8981\u5206\u4eab\u6211\u7684\u8863\u670d\u548c\u300c\u6211\u7684\u300d\u53a8\u623f\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8fd8\u6709\u6211\u540d\u5b57\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u3002\u6211\u82b1\u4e86\u4e00\u5e74\u591a\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u624d\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\uff0c\u6234\u5b89\u5c06\u6211\u89c6\u4e3a\u5973\u6027\u699c\u6837\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5c06\u6211\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u878d\u5165\u5979\u7684\u540d\u5b57\uff1a\u8fea\u514b(Dick) + \u5b89\u59ae(Anne) =\u6234\u5b89(Diane)\uff0c\u662f\u591a\u4e48\u6d53\u60c5\u871c\u610f\u7684\u4e3e\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\">\u2014\u2014Erhardt,2007:197<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u79cd\u5bc4\u751f\u53ef\u80fd\u9020\u6210\u6781\u5927\u75db\u82e6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u4e3a\u672c\u7ae0\u91c7\u8bbf\u7684\u4e00\u4f4d\u5973\u6027\u4f34\u4fa3\uff0c\u5c06\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8005\u5728\u59bb\u5b50\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u5e76\u53cd\u5bf9\u5176\u95ee\u9898\u884c\u4e3a\u65f6\uff0c\u6307\u63a7\u59bb\u5b50\u5728\u53d1\u75af\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u79f0\u4e3a\u300c\u7164\u6c14\u706f\u64cd\u7eb5\u300d \u3002\u5979\u8bf4\uff1a\u300e\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6301\u7eed\u4e0d\u65ad\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u9a9a\u6270\u3001\u8c0e\u8a00\u3001\u79d8\u5bc6\u548c\u7164\u6c14\u706f\u64cd\u7eb5(\u300c\u4f60\u75af\u4e86\u300d\u3001\u300c\u90fd\u662f\u4f60\u7684\u80e1\u601d\u4e71\u60f3\u300d\u3001\u300c\u662f\u4f60\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u300d\uff09\u90fd\u662f\u7cbe\u795e\u66b4\u529b\u3002\u5979\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u5728\u300c\u7b2c\u56db\u6216\u7b2c\u4e94\u4e2a\u8c0e\u8a00\u88ab\u63ed\u7a7f\u540e\uff0c\u968f\u4e4b\u800c\u6765\u7684\u662f\u66f4\u591a\u8c0e\u8a00\u3001\u66f4\u9891\u7e41\u7684\u7164\u6c14\u706f\u64cd\u7eb5\uff0c\u548c\u53c8\u4e00\u8f6e\u8c0e\u8a00\u7684\u5faa\u73af\u300d\u540e\uff0c\u5979\u5f7b\u5e95\u5d29\u6e83\u4e86\u3002\u5979\u5f00\u59cb\u89c9\u5f97\u4e08\u592b\u300c\u5728\u8eab\u4f53\u548c\u60c5\u611f\u4e0a\u90fd\u4ee4\u4eba\u538c\u6076\u300d\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u300c\u5728\u6211\u5468\u56f4\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u5c42\u5916\u58f3\u6765\u751f\u5b58\u300d\u3002\u5979\u8bf4\uff0c\u300c\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u300d\u5979\u8ba4\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u300e\u5904\u4e8e\u300c\u666e\u901a\u300d\u8650\u5f85\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u5973\u6027\u300f\uff0c\u5e76\u76f8\u4fe1\u81ea\u5df1\u60a3\u6709\u521b\u4f24\u540e\u5e94\u6fc0\u969c\u788d\uff1a\u300c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u793e\u4ea4\u573a\u5408\u5bf9\u6211\u800c\u8a00\u662f\u75db\u82e6\u4e0d\u582a\u7684\u3002\u6211\u73b0\u5728\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u4ec0\u4e48\u670b\u53cb\u3002\u300d \u5728\u906d\u53d7\u6781\u7aef\u793e\u4ea4\u5b64\u7acb\u548c\u7126\u8651\u540e\uff0c\u662f\u5973\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u8d4b\u4e88\u5979\u91cd\u65b0\u627e\u56de\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u5728\u901a\u8fc7\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u8bc6\u7684\u5973\u6027\uff08\u5728\u300c\u73b0\u5b9e\u751f\u6d3b\u300d\u4e2d\u4e5f\u6709\u51e0\u4f4d\uff09\u7684\u63a8\u8350\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u9605\u8bfb\u4e86\u6fc0\u8fdb\u5973\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u535a\u5ba2\u548c\u4e66\u7c4d\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u5973\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002\u77e5\u9053\u81ea\u5df1\u6ca1\u6709\u300c\u75af\u300d\uff0c\u771f\u662f\u5982\u91ca\u91cd\u8d1f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5979\u5f88\u9ad8\u5174\u73b0\u5728\u6709\u4e86\u63cf\u8ff0\u5979\u6240\u7ecf\u5386\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u7684\u8bcd\u6c47\u2014\u2014\u300c\u7cbe\u795e\u66b4\u529b\u300d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8fd9\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u300c\u538b\u8feb\u300d\u5df2\u88ab\u547d\u540d\u3002\u5973\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5b89\u6170\u548c\u652f\u6301\u90a3\u4e9b\u7ecf\u5386\u8fc7\u6b64\u7c7b\u8650\u5f85\u7684\u5973\u6027\u3002\u90a3\u4e9b\u516c\u5f00\u652f\u6301\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5973\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u89c6\u4f5c\u9057\u5f03\u8fd9\u4e9b\u88ab\u7f6e\u4e8e\u56f0\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u59bb\u5b50\u4eec\u3002\u5973\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u5e94\u5f53\u662f\u652f\u6301\u88ab\u7537\u6027\u8650\u5f85\u7684\u5973\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u652f\u6301\u65bd\u8650\u7684\u7537\u6027\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u7537\u6027\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u884c\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u5973\u6027\u548c\u5973\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u5f7c\u6b64\u5206\u88c2\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:70px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.6\u52ab\u6301\u5973\u6027\u751f\u6d3b<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5f53\u7537\u6027\u4ee5\u5f02\u88c5\u6216\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8eab\u4efd\u51fa\u67dc\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u59bb\u5b50\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u300c\u52ab\u6301\u300d\u3002\u4e0d\u8bba\u5979\u4eec\u66fe\u7ecf\u8bbe\u60f3\u5982\u4f55\u5ea6\u8fc7\u4e00\u751f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5979\u4eec\u8bd5\u56fe\u7ee7\u7eed\u548c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7537\u6027\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u4fbf\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u7531\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7537\u6027\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u6027\u5174\u8da3\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u300c\u4f18\u5148\u4e8b\u9879\u300d\u5c06\u5360\u636e\u5979\u4eec\u5927\u91cf\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u7cbe\u529b\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u5f02\u88c5\u7537\u6027\u7684\u59bb\u5b50\u4eec\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u90a3\u4e9b\u8fdb\u884c\u66f4\u6c38\u4e45\u7684\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8f6c\u53d8\u7684\u7537\u6027\u7684\u59bb\u5b50\uff0c\u90fd\u4f1a\u548c\u4e08\u592b\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u7d27\u5bc6\u6346\u7ed1\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u4e00\u4f4d\u5f02\u88c5\u8005\u7684\u59bb\u5b50\u8bc4\u8bba\u9053\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u771f\u7684\u4e0d\u5e0c\u671b\u5f02\u88c5\u5360\u636e\u6211\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5df2\u7ecf\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u4e86\u2014\u2014\u5b83\u53d8\u5f97\u6bd4\u6211\u60f3\u8c61\u7684\u66f4\u5360\u636e\u6838\u5fc3\u4f4d\u7f6e\u300d(Erhardt,2007:55)\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u4f4d\u59bb\u5b50\u8bf4\uff0c\u5979\u7ecf\u5e38\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u60f3\u73a9\u5f02\u88c5\u6e38\u620f\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u611f\u5230\u538b\u529b\uff1a\u300e\u5373\u4f7f\u4eca\u5929\u6211\u611f\u5230\u75b2\u60eb\u3001\u9965\u997f\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u60c5\u7eea\u8017\u7aed\uff0c\u800c\u9732\u897f\u60f3\u8981\u51fa\u73b0\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u662f\u300c\u4e0d\u300d\u300f(Erhardt,2007:59)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e08\u592b\u4eec\u7ecf\u5e38\u628a\u59bb\u5b50\u5f53\u4f5c\u699c\u6837\uff0c\u800c\u59bb\u5b50\u5219\u83b7\u5f97\u4e00\u9879\u65b0\u578b\u5bb6\u52a1\uff0c\u5373\u534f\u52a9\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e08\u592b\u7684\u300c\u5973\u6027\u8eab\u4efd\u300d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7537\u6027\u901a\u5e38\u7a7f\u7740\u59bb\u5b50\u7684\u8863\u670d\uff0c\u5e76\u8981\u6c42\u59bb\u5b50\u4eec\u5c06\u81ea\u5df1\u6253\u626e\u6210\u5973\u6027\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4f4d\u59bb\u5b50\u89e3\u91ca\u9053\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u6211\u8bd5\u56fe\u6559\u6c64\u7c73\u81ea\u5df1\u5316\u5986\uff0c\u4f46\u65e0\u6d4e\u4e8e\u4e8b\u3002\u4ed6\u603b\u628a\u5316\u773c\u5986\u753b\u5f97\u592a\u9ed1\uff0c\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u50cf\u6cd5\u56fd\u4eba\u3002\u6211\u51b3\u5b9a\u5e72\u8106\u7531\u6211\u6765\u505a\u6240\u6709\u7684\u753b\u5986\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u6211\u8fd8\u8bd5\u56fe\u6559\u6c64\u7c73\u5982\u4f55\u4ee5\u4e00\u79cd\u66f4\u5973\u6027\u5316\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8d70\u8def\uff0c\u4f46\u6ca1\u7528\uff1b\u4ed6\u8d70\u8d77\u8def\u6765\u4f9d\u65e7\u50cf\u4e2a\u7537\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\">\u2014\u2014Erhardt,2007:74<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u4e08\u592b\u8bf4\u670d\u59bb\u5b50\u4e00\u540c\u5916\u51fa\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5de5\u4f5c\u5c31\u5c24\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u5bf9\u5973\u6027\u7684\u6a21\u4eff\u5f88\u7cdf\u7cd5\uff0c\u5bf9\u59bb\u5b50\u6765\u8bf4\u4f1a\u66f4\u96be\u582a\u3002\u8d2d\u7269\u65f6\u53e6\u4e00\u9879\u7e41\u91cd\u5bb6\u52a1\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u8d77\u8d2d\u7269\u3002\u6211\u5e2e\u4ed6\u5316\u5986\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u6211\u9762\u524d\u88c5\u626e\u3002\u6211\u63a5\u53d7\u3001\u652f\u6301\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u9f13\u52b1\u4ed6\u300d(Erhardt,2007:90)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u59bb\u5b50\u4eec\u53c2\u4e0e\u4e08\u592b\u52a0\u5165\u7684\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u652f\u6301\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5979\u4eec\u5c06\u83b7\u5f97\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u548c\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u4e00\u4f4d\u59bb\u5b50\u89e3\u91ca\u8bf4\uff0c\u5979\u548c\u4e08\u592b\u300c\u5728\u652f\u6301\u56e2\u4f53\u4e2d\u5341\u5206\u6d3b\u8dc3\u3002\u9edb\u5b89\u5a1c\u540e\u6765\u6210\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u5728\u5730\u533a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u652f\u6301\u5c0f\u7ec4\u7684\u521b\u59cb\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u6211\u5219\u6210\u4e3a\u4f34\u4fa3\u6743\u76ca\u7684\u5021\u5bfc\u8005\u300d(Erhardt,2007:66)\u3002\u5979\u8fd8\u8bf4\uff0c\u300c\u6709\u65f6\u6211\u611f\u89c9\u8fd9\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u5f71\u54cd\u592a\u5927\uff1b\u4f46\u662f\u9edb\u5b89\u5a1c\u4e00\u76f4\u5f88\u4f53\u8d34\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u63d0\u5230\u8fd9\u70b9\u65f6\uff0c\u5979\u4f1a\u7a0d\u4f5c\u9000\u8ba9\u300d(Erhardt,2007:67)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u59bb\u5b50\u88ab\u671f\u671b\u5206\u4eab\u4e08\u592b\u5bf9\u8fd9\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u7740\u8ff7\u3002\u4e00\u4f4d\u59bb\u5b50\u8c08\u5230\u5979\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u8d70\u5411\u4ee5\u4e08\u592b\u7684\u5f02\u88c5\u5174\u8da3\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u4e86\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u540e\uff0c\u751f\u6d3b\u5c31\u5168\u90fd\u56f4\u7740\u5f02\u88c5\u8f6c\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u82b1\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u65f6\u95f4\u5728\u804a\u5929\u5ba4\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u7ad9\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u7ad9\u641c\u5bfb\u4fe1\u606f\u300d(Erhardt,2007:123)\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u4f4d\u59bb\u5b50\u8bf4\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u4eec\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u6700\u5927\u7684\u538b\u529b\u6e90\u662f\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u7126\u8651\u548c\u8f6c\u53d8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5360\u7528\u6211\u4eec\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u592a\u591a\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u7cbe\u529b\u300d(Erhardt,2007:144)\u3002\u5979\u8bf4\uff0c\u5979\u7ecf\u5e38\u611f\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u300e\u5728\u8fd9\u6bb5\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u89d2\u8272\u5c31\u662f\u652f\u6301\u90a3\u4e2a\u300c\u91cd\u5927\u51b3\u5b9a\u300d\u300f(ibid.)\u3002\u5973\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u5bf9\u59bb\u5b50\u7684\u65e0\u507f\u52b3\u52a8\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u7537\u6027\u7684\u7231\u597d\u548c\u4f11\u95f2\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6d17\u8db3\u7403\u670d\uff0c\u662f\u5bb6\u52a1\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u672a\u88ab\u5145\u5206\u8ba4\u8bc6\u7684\u65b9\u9762(Delphy and Leonard,1992)\u3002\u5728\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6240\u9700\u5bb6\u52a1\u4f1a\u66f4\u4e3a\u5e7f\u6cdb\u3002\u59bb\u5b50\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u4e08\u592b\u5728\u4ee5\u65b0\u5973\u6027\u8eab\u4efd\u51fa\u73b0\u65f6\uff0c\u5206\u6848\u6ca1\u6709\u5e73\u7b49\u5206\u62c5\u5bb6\u52a1\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u4f1a\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u4e00\u79cd\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7b26\u5408\u5973\u6027\u7279\u8d28\u7684\u4e60\u5f97\u6027\u65e0\u52a9\uff0c\u5c06\u66f4\u591a\u8d1f\u62c5\u63a8\u5230\u59bb\u5b50\u8eab\u4e0a\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u53d7\u8bbf\u8005\u89e3\u91ca\u8bf4\uff0c\u5979\u88ab\u8981\u6c42\u300e\u968f\u65f6\u8bb0\u4f4f\u4ed6\u662f\u300c\u5973\u6027\u300d\uff0c\u5e76\u50cf\u300c\u5bf9\u5f85\u4e00\u4e2a\u5973\u4eba\u300d\u90a3\u6837\u5bf9\u5f85\u4ed6\u300f\uff0c\u4ed6\u751a\u81f3\u300c\u62d2\u7edd\u5728\u8d2d\u7269\u65f6\u642c\u8fd0\u91cd\u7269\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4ed6\u6bd4\u6211\u9ad8\u51fa\u4e00\u82f1\u5c3a\uff0c\u4e0a\u80a2\u529b\u91cf\u4e5f\u5927\u5f97\u591a\u300d\u3002\u5979\u89e3\u91ca\u8bf4\uff0c\u5979\u7684\u4e08\u592b\u300c\u62d2\u7edd\u505a\u4e8b\uff0c\u751f\u6015\u4f1a\u5f04\u65ad\u6307\u7532\u2014\u2014\u6211\u6ca1\u5f00\u73a9\u7b11\u3002\u4ed6\u771f\u8fd9\u4e48\u8bf4\u8fc7\u300d\u3002\u6d77\u4f26\u00b7\u535a\u4f0a\u5fb7\u4e5f\u62a5\u544a\u4e86\u7c7b\u4f3c\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5979\u6307\u51fa\u5f02\u88c5\u8005\u7684\u59bb\u5b50\u4eec\u5e38\u5e38\u611f\u5230\u6124\u6012\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f53\u4e08\u592b\u5f00\u59cb\u6a21\u4eff\u81ea\u5df1\u5fc3\u4e2d\u7684\u5973\u6027\u5f62\u8c61\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f97\u65e0\u52a9\u53c8\u65e0\u80fd\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u5373\u7f9e\u8fb1\u4e86\u5973\u6027\uff0c\u53c8\u7ed9\u59bb\u5b50\u4eec\u989d\u5916\u589e\u6dfb\u8d1f\u62c5\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u62ec\u300c\u4f60\u66fe\u7ecf\u7684\u4e08\u592b\u73b0\u5728\u544a\u8bc9\u4f60\uff0c\u5979\u4e0d\u80fd\u7ec4\u88c5\u4e66\u67b6\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5f04\u65ad\u6307\u7532\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u5047\u8bbe\u662f\uff0c\u8ba9\u4ee5\u5973\u6027\u8eab\u4efd\u957f\u5927\u7684\u4f60\u7ec4\u88c5\u4e66\u67b6\u662f\u7406\u6240\u5e94\u5f53\u7684\u300d(Boyd,2007:255)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-footnotes\"><li id=\"c1dcafe3-780b-4b6c-b770-b5c9c158e8a2\">\u903e\u8d8a\u8282\u6545\u4e8b\u8bb2\u8ff0\u4e86\u6469\u897f\u88ab\u4e0a\u5e1d\u9009\u4e2d\u9886\u5bfc\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u6c11\u8131\u79bb\u57c3\u53ca\u7684\u5974\u5f79\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6d3e\u9063\u5341\u707e\u964d\u4e34\u57c3\u53ca\uff0c\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u5728\u6469\u897f\u5e26\u9886\u4e0b\u6e21\u8fc7\u7ea2\u6d77\u6700\u7ec8\u83b7\u5f97\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u903e\u8d8a\u8282\u56e0\u6b64\u6210\u4e3a\u72b9\u592a\u6559\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8282\u65e5\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u8c61\u5f81\u81ea\u7531\u3001\u89e3\u653e\u548c\u91cd\u751f\u3002 <a href=\"#c1dcafe3-780b-4b6c-b770-b5c9c158e8a2-link\" aria-label=\"\u8df3\u8f6c\u5230\u811a\u6ce8\u5f15\u7528 1\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li><li id=\"fff630a7-ace8-4af8-8f94-3774faab6f9a\">\u00a0\u539f\u6587\u662f go into the close\uff0c\u548c\u51fa\u67dc(come out)\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u6307\u4fdd\u6301\u79d8\u5bc6\u3001\u4e0d\u516c\u5f00\u67d0\u4ef6\u4e8b\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u6307\u5728\u4e08\u592b\u516c\u5f00\u51fa\u67dc\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8eab\u4efd\u540e\uff0c\u59bb\u5b50\u88ab\u8feb\u9690\u7792\u4e8b\u5b9e\u7ecf\u8fc7\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f97\u900f\u9732\u81ea\u5df1\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u6765\u652f\u6301\u4e08\u592b\u7684\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u884c\u4e3a\u3002 <a href=\"#fff630a7-ace8-4af8-8f94-3774faab6f9a-link\" aria-label=\"\u8df3\u8f6c\u5230\u811a\u6ce8\u5f15\u7528 2\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u672c\u6587\u5171\u8ba1 9115 \u5b57\uff0c\u9884\u8ba1\u9700\u8981 23 \u5206\u949f\u3002 \u672c\u7ae0\u4e0e\u6d1b\u7433\u00b7\u6208\u7279\u6c99\u5c14\u514b\u5171\u540c\u64b0\u5199 \u8de8\u6027\u522b\u73b0\u8c61\u7c7b\u4f5c\u54c1\u901a\u5e38\u5c06\u90a3\u4e9b\u8f6c\u53d8 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"[{\"content\":\"\u903e\u8d8a\u8282\u6545\u4e8b\u8bb2\u8ff0\u4e86\u6469\u897f\u88ab\u4e0a\u5e1d\u9009\u4e2d\u9886\u5bfc\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u6c11\u8131\u79bb\u57c3\u53ca\u7684\u5974\u5f79\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6d3e\u9063\u5341\u707e\u964d\u4e34\u57c3\u53ca\uff0c\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u5728\u6469\u897f\u5e26\u9886\u4e0b\u6e21\u8fc7\u7ea2\u6d77\u6700\u7ec8\u83b7\u5f97\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u903e\u8d8a\u8282\u56e0\u6b64\u6210\u4e3a\u72b9\u592a\u6559\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8282\u65e5\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u8c61\u5f81\u81ea\u7531\u3001\u89e3\u653e\u548c\u91cd\u751f\u3002\",\"id\":\"c1dcafe3-780b-4b6c-b770-b5c9c158e8a2\"},{\"content\":\"\u00a0\u539f\u6587\u662f go into the close\uff0c\u548c\u51fa\u67dc(come 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