{"id":445,"date":"2025-12-09T01:56:28","date_gmt":"2025-12-08T17:56:28","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/43.154.128.27\/?p=445"},"modified":"2025-12-19T21:39:48","modified_gmt":"2025-12-19T13:39:48","slug":"%e3%80%8a%e6%80%a7%e5%88%ab%e4%b9%8b%e7%97%9b%e3%80%8b%e7%ac%ac%e4%b8%89%e7%ab%a0%ef%bc%9a%e7%bb%8f%e5%8e%86%e8%b7%a8%e6%80%a7%e5%88%ab-%e7%9c%9f%e5%ae%9e%e4%bc%a4%e5%ae%b32-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/43.154.128.27\/index.php\/2025\/12\/09\/%e3%80%8a%e6%80%a7%e5%88%ab%e4%b9%8b%e7%97%9b%e3%80%8b%e7%ac%ac%e4%b8%89%e7%ab%a0%ef%bc%9a%e7%bb%8f%e5%8e%86%e8%b7%a8%e6%80%a7%e5%88%ab-%e7%9c%9f%e5%ae%9e%e4%bc%a4%e5%ae%b32-2\/","title":{"rendered":"\u300a\u6027\u522b\u4e4b\u75db\u300b|\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0\uff1a\u7ecf\u5386\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u2014\u2014\u771f\u5b9e\u4f24\u5bb3(2\/2)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div style=\"height:70px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">\u672c\u6587\u5171\u8ba1 11863 \u5b57\uff0c\u9884\u8ba1\u9700\u8981 29 \u5206\u949f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:70px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.5\u624b\u672f\u548c\u81ea\u6211\u4f24\u5bb3<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u90a3\u4e9b\u5bfb\u6c42\u6539\u53d8\u81ea\u5df1\u8eab\u4f53\u7684\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u7fa4\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u65e0\u9700\u4f9d\u8d56\u4f20\u7edf\u533b\u7597\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u6ca1\u6709\u7ecf\u6d4e\u80fd\u529b\u53bb\u770b\u533b\u751f\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u6bd4\u8f83\u6df7\u4e71\uff0c\u975e\u533b\u7597\u5b9e\u8df5\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u6765\u8bf4\u66f4\u719f\u6089\u4e5f\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u83b7\u53d6\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u8f6c\u53d8\u524d\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u975e\u6cd5\u9014\u5f84\u8d2d\u4e70\u7684\u8377\u5c14\u8499\u3001\u5411\u80f8\u90e8\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6ce8\u5c04\u7845\u80f6\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u675f\u80f8\u7b49\u533b\u7597\u76d1\u7ba1\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u6765\u81ea\u6211\u4f24\u5bb3\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u50cf\u5176\u4ed6\u8fdb\u884c\u8eab\u4f53\u6539\u9020\u7684\u5e74\u8f7b\u4eba\u4e00\u6837\u8fdb\u884c\u5207\u5272\u548c\u7a7f\u523a(Jeffreys, 2000;2008)\u3002\u8eab\u4f53\u6539\u9020\u8005\u6709\u7740\u9ad8\u81ea\u6740\u503e\u5411\uff0c\u5e76\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u548c\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8005\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u5065\u5eb7\u95ee\u9898(Jeffreys,2008)\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u8eab\u4f53\u6539\u9020\u8005\u4e0e\u533b\u7597\u4e13\u4e1a\u4eba\u58eb\u8fdb\u884c\u63a5\u89e6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u4f24\u5bb3\u5c31\u4f1a\u83b7\u5f97\u5b98\u65b9\u8ba4\u53ef\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u56fd\u5bb6\u8bb8\u53ef\u7684\u533b\u751f\u6307\u5bfc\u4e0b\u8fdb\u884c\u3002\u533b\u751f\u4e0d\u592a\u53ef\u80fd\u8ba4\u53ef\u4e00\u4e2a\u7537\u4eba\u6e34\u671b\u6210\u4e3a\u5168\u5207\u8005(nullo)\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\uff0c\u5373\u4e00\u79cd\u5207\u9664\u6240\u6709\u5916\u751f\u6b96\u5668\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u6539\u9020\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4ed6\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u627e\u4e13\u4e1a\u7a7f\u523a\u5e08\u548c\u5207\u5272\u5e08\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u8fd9\u9879\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u533b\u751f\u786e\u5b9e\u8ba4\u53ef\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u5e76\u8ba9\u60a3\u8005\u63a5\u53d7\u4f1a\u6c38\u4e45\u6539\u53d8\u5176\u8eab\u4f53\u7684\u6cbb\u7597\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5e76\u6307\u5bfc\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fdb\u884c\u5207\u9664\u6b21\u7ea7\u6027\u5f81\u7684\u624b\u672f\u3002\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u884c\u4e3a\u90fd\u5bf9\u8eab\u4f53\u9020\u6210\u4f24\u5bb3\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7559\u4e0b\u75a4\u75d5\u3001\u5931\u53bb\u77e5\u89c9\u3001\u7edd\u80b2\u3001\u4f53\u91cd\u589e\u52a0\u3001\u75e4\u75ae\u3001\u611f\u67d3\u3001\u7ec4\u7ec7\u574f\u6b7b\u7b49\u8bb8\u591a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u9ebb\u9189\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5c06\u533b\u7597\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u90a3\u4e9b\u81ea\u6b8b\u8005\u79c1\u4e0b\u81ea\u5df1\u5b9e\u65bd\u6216\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eba\u5bf9\u5176\u5b9e\u65bd\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u505a\u51fa\u533a\u5206\u5e76\u975e\u6613\u4e8b\u3002\u79c1\u4e0b\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u4f24\u5bb3\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5e74\u8f7b\u5973\u6027\u5c24\u5176\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u5bb6\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e0e\u300c\u4ee3\u7406\u6027\u81ea\u6b8b\u300d\u4e4b\u95f4\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u5173\u8054\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u6307\u5973\u6027\u548c\u7537\u6027\u4e3b\u52a8\u5bfb\u6c42\u4ed6\u4eba\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u65bd\u52a0\u5371\u9669\u7684\u7269\u7406\u4f24\u5bb3(Jeffreys,2000)\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5207\u5272\u548c\u7a7f\u523a\u884c\u4e1a\u7684\u4e13\u4e1a\u4eba\u58eb\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7ed9\u76ae\u80a4\u70d9\u5370\u6216\u5207\u5272\u51fa\u56fe\u6848\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u6b64\u6536\u53d6\u62a5\u916c\uff1b\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u8650\u604b\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0a\u4f4d\u8005\uff0c\u5207\u5272\u3001\u70d9\u5370\u548c\u7a7f\u523a\u662f\u8650\u604b\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u505a\u6cd5\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fd8\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u63d0\u4f9b\u6709\u507f\u670d\u52a1\u5c06\u81ea\u6b8b\u5408\u6cd5\u5316\u7684\u533b\u751f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4e3a\u5973\u6027\u8fdb\u884c\u9686\u80f8\u548c\u9762\u90e8\u63d0\u62c9\u624b\u672f\u7684\u6574\u5f62\u5916\u79d1\u533b\u751f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8fdb\u884c\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u624b\u672f\u7684\u533b\u751f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6e34\u671b\u8f6c\u53d8\u7684\u5973\u6027\u8eab\u4f53\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8005\uff0c\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u533b\u7597\u76d1\u7763\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6781\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u91c7\u53d6\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\u81ea\u6b8b\u884c\u4e3a\u5c31\u662f\u675f\u80f8\u3002\u675f\u80f8\u4e0d\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u65b0\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c\u65e9\u5728\u4e0a\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e94\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u5c31\u88ab\u7f8e\u56fd\u548c\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u7537\u6027\u5316\u5973\u540c\u6027\u604b\u8005\u91c7\u7528\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u6765\u8ba9\u81ea\u5df1\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u66f4\u6709\u7537\u6027\u7279\u8d28\uff0c\u6216\u4e3a\u7f13\u89e3\u5728\u90a3\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u7981\u5fcc\u7684\u5e74\u4ee3\u5728\u660e\u663e\u7684\u5973\u6027\u8eab\u4f53\u4e2d\u7231\u7740\u5973\u6027\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u7126\u8651\u60c5\u7eea(Jeffreys,1989)\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4e0a\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e03\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u5973\u540c\u6027\u604b\u5973\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fd0\u52a8\u4f7f\u5973\u540c\u6027\u604b\u7fa4\u4f53\u80fd\u4ee5\u7231\u5973\u6027\u4e3a\u8363\uff0c\u800c\u65e0\u9700\u6a21\u4eff\u7537\u6027\u6216\u5426\u8ba4\u5973\u6027\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u4f46\u5973\u6027\u5316\/\u7537\u6027\u5316\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u626e\u6f14\u590d\u5174\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u91cc\uff0c\u675f\u80f8\u5728\u5973\u540c\u6027\u604b\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e2d\u518d\u6b21\u76db\u884c\u3002\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u675f\u80f8\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u90fd\u662f\u548c\u7f20\u8db3\u76f8\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u4e60\u4fd7(Chin,2012)\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e60\u4fd7\u88ab\u5f3a\u52a0\u4e8e\u5973\u6027\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u9690\u85cf\u5979\u4eec\u7684\u6027\u5f81\u5e76\u7b26\u5408\u8d1e\u64cd\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u4e73\u623f\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u5bf9\u7537\u6027\u8fc7\u4e8e\u9732\u9aa8\u548c\u523a\u6fc0\u7684\u6027\u6697\u793a\u4e14\u6613\u5f15\u53d1\u6b32\u671b\uff0c\u5982\u4eca\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u53f0\u6e7e\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u6e34\u671b\u9690\u85cf\u5973\u6027\u6027\u5f81\u7684\u5973\u6027\u8eab\u4f53\u7684\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8005\u83b7\u53d6\u675f\u80f8\u7528\u54c1\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u539f\u4ea7\u5730(see for example,T-Kingdom,accessed 20 February 2013)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u5973\u6027\u8eab\u4f53\u7684\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8005\u4e2d\uff0c\u6d88\u9664\u4e73\u623f\u7684\u613f\u671b\u5341\u5206\u5f3a\u70c8\uff0c\u5979\u4eec\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u624b\u672f\u5207\u9664\u4e73\u623f\u524d\u4f7f\u7528\u675f\u80f8\u4f5c\u4e3a\u9690\u85cf\u4e73\u623f\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u675f\u80f8\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u8bf8\u591a\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u540d\u4e3a Transguys \u7684\u7f51\u7ad9\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5173\u4e8e\u300c\u80f8\u90e8\u675f\u7f1a(chest binding)\u300d\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u90a3\u4e9b\u5426\u8ba4\u62e5\u6709\u5973\u6027\u8eab\u4f53\u90e8\u4f4d\u7684\u5973\u6027\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6216\u8bb8\u662f\u4e2a\u66f4\u5177\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u7684\u672f\u8bed (Transguys,2010)\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8b66\u544a\u4e0d\u8981\u4ee5\u9650\u5236\u547c\u5438\u5e76\u5bfc\u81f4\u7f3a\u6c27\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u675f\u7f1a\uff0c\u5e76\u8b66\u544a\u675f\u80f8\u8863\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e0d\u8212\u670d\u3001\u95f7\u70ed\uff0c\u51fa\u6c57\u3001\u76ae\u80a4\u523a\u6fc0\u548c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u5f00\u653e\u6027\u4f24\u53e3\u7684\u6e83\u75a1\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5b58\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5371\u5bb3\uff0cTransguys \u89e3\u91ca\u79f0\uff0c\u300c\u80f8\u90e8\u675f\u7f1a\u300d\u5bf9\u300c\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u7537\u6027\u800c\u8a00\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e26\u6765\u6781\u5927\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u300d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u80fd\u300c\u7f13\u89e3\u7126\u8651\u300d\u3002\u65af\u5766\u798f\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b66\u751f\u5065\u5eb7\u7f51\u7ad9\u63d0\u4f9b\u5173\u4e8e\u300c\u80f8\u90e8\u300d\u675f\u7f1a\u7684\u5b9e\u7528\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u5e76\u8b66\u544a\u79f0\u300c\u5f39\u6027\u7ef7\u5e26\u3001\u4fdd\u9c9c\u819c\u6216\u80f6\u5e26\u300d\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5265\u79bb\u76ae\u80a4\uff0c\u5e76\u6c38\u4e45\u635f\u4f24\u808b\u9aa8(Stanford University,n.d.)\u3002\u808b\u9aa8\u79fb\u4f4d\u662f\u675f\u80f8\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u98ce\u9669\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u6c38\u4e45\u6027\u8eab\u4f53\u635f\u4f24\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u300c\u5065\u5eb7\u300d\u7f51\u7ad9\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u62c5\u5fe7\u6765\u6e90(Ira,2010)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:70px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.6\u9488\u5bf9\u5973\u6027\u8eab\u4f53\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8005\u7684\u624b\u672f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5916\u79d1\u533b\u751f\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u5f53\u4ee3\u81ea\u6211\u6bc1\u4f24\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ee5\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\u8eab\u4efd\u53c2\u4e0e\u5982\u4eca\u4e3b\u6d41\u3001\u5229\u6da6\u4e30\u539a\u4e14\u4e3b\u8981\u9488\u5bf9\u5973\u6027\u5b9e\u65bd\u7684\u624b\u672f\u5b9e\u8df5(Sullivan, Deborah,2001)\uff0c\u5982\u4eca\uff0c\u5bf9\u540c\u4e00\u6279\u5916\u79d1\u533b\u751f\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u751f\u7406\u6027\u522b\u91cd\u7f6e\u624b\u672f\u5df2\u7ecf\u53f8\u7a7a\u89c1\u60ef\uff1a\u90a3\u4e9b\u5207\u9664\u5973\u6027\u9634\u5507\u4f7f\u5176\u66f4\u5177\u793e\u4f1a\u53ef\u63a5\u53d7\u6027\u3001\u4e3a\u5979\u4eec\u4e08\u592b\u7684\u6109\u60a6\u6536\u7d27\u5979\u4eec\u7684\u9634\u9053\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4e5f\u5728\u4e3a\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u300c\u5973\u6027\u300d\u7684\u7537\u6027\u5236\u9020\u9634\u5507\u548c\u9634\u9053(Jeffreys,2005)\u3002\u9488\u5bf9\u5973\u6027\u8eab\u4f53\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8005\u7684\u624b\u672f\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u53cc\u4fa7\u4e73\u623f\u5207\u9664\u672f\u3001\u5b50\u5bab\u5207\u9664\u672f\u548c\u9634\u830e\u6210\u5f62\u672f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u5065\u5eb7\u6311\u6218\u3002\u53cc\u4fa7\u4e73\u623f\u5207\u9664\u672f\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e25\u91cd\u7622\u75d5\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u970d\u5229\u00b7\u5fb7\u6c83\u5c14\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u7c7b\u622a\u80a2\u624b\u672f\u53ef\u80fd\u9020\u6210\u5982\u4e73\u5934\u6c38\u4e45\u5931\u53bb\u77e5\u89c9\u7b49\u4e25\u91cd\u540e\u679c(Devor,1999:480)\u3002\u5728\u5fb7\u6c83\u5c14\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5973\u6027\u8eab\u4f53\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8005\u9009\u62e9\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u9634\u830e\u6210\u5f62\u672f\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u4e2a\u51b3\u5b9a\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u5979\u4eec\u5728\u6027\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u4f53\u9a8c\u5230\u4e0d\u5b8c\u6574\u611f\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5979\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9009\u62e9\u8fdb\u884c\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u7f51\u7ad9\u63a8\u5e7f\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u300c\u8eab\u4f53\u6539\u9020\u300d\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u6765\u589e\u5927\u9634\u8482\u5c3a\u5bf8\u4f7f\u5176\u66f4\u52a0\u7a81\u51fa\u548c\u663e\u773c(Tenpenny and Cascio,2002)\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6539\u9020\u5305\u62ec\u300c\u6cf5\u5438\u300d\u9634\u8482\uff0c\u5e76\u7528\u7a7f\u5b54\u4f7f\u5176\u5411\u524d\u7a81\u51fa\u3002\u7528\u7a7f\u5b54\u548c\u63d2\u5165\u91d1\u5c5e\u73af\u6765\u95ed\u5408\u9634\u9053\uff0c\u5e76\u5411\u6f5c\u5728\u4f34\u4fa3\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u8be5\u5973\u6027\u90e8\u4f4d\u4ece\u6b64\u7981\u6b62\u89e6\u78b0(ibid.)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u90a3\u4e9b\u60f3\u8981\u83b7\u5f97\u66f4\u63a5\u8fd1\u9634\u830e\u4eff\u771f\u7269\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\uff1a\u9634\u8482\u677e\u89e3\u672f\u548c\u9634\u830e\u6210\u5f62\u672f\u3002\u9634\u8482\u677e\u89e3\u672f\u53ef\u7531\u5916\u79d1\u533b\u751f\u6216\u8eab\u4f53\u6539\u9020\u793e\u7fa4\u7684\u975e\u4e13\u4e1a\u4eba\u5458\u5b9e\u65bd\u3002\u5728\u7531\u5916\u79d1\u533b\u751f\u64cd\u4f5c\u65f6\uff0c\u6b65\u9aa4\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a\u7ecf\u8fc7\u777e\u916e\u66ff\u4ee3\u7597\u6cd5(HRT)\u589e\u5927\u7684\u9634\u8482\u88ab\u4e0a\u79fb\uff0c\u6765\u6784\u9020\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u6709\u611f\u89c9\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u5fae\u578b\u9634\u830e(Female to Male,n.d.)\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u300c\u677e\u89e3\u300d\u60ac\u97e7\u5e26\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u578b\u9634\u830e\u6a21\u62df\u4f53\uff0c\u4f46\u60a3\u8005\u65e0\u6cd5\u7ad9\u7acb\u6392\u5c3f\u3002\u9634\u830e\u6210\u5f62\u672f\u5219\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u4ece\u524d\u81c2\u53d6\u4e00\u5757\u76ae\u74e3\u6765\u6784\u5efa\u9634\u830e\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e2a\u6f2b\u957f\u4e14\u591a\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u624b\u672f\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u6d89\u53ca\u66f4\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u4e24\u79cd\u624b\u672f\u90fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u521b\u9020\u50cf\u771f\u6b63\u9634\u830e\u90a3\u6837\u6709\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u4eba\u9020\u9634\u830e\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u975e\u5e38\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6027\u5feb\u611f\u4e27\u5931\u3002\u4e00\u9879\u6cd5\u56fd\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u572846\u540d\u60a3\u8005\u4e2d\uff0c\u670983%\u5728\u6784\u5efa\u7684\u9634\u830e\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u611f\u89c9\uff0c\u4f46\u300c\u4ec5\u67095\u4eba(9%)\u5728\u89e6\u6478\u5176\u6784\u5efa\u9634\u830e\u65f6\u6709\u660e\u663e\u7684\u6027\u654f\u611f\u5ea6\u300d(Leriche <em>et al<\/em>, 2008)\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u624b\u672f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5b50\u5bab\u5207\u9664\u672f\uff0c\u60a3\u8005\u4f1a\u56e0\u624b\u672f\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u7edd\u80b2\u548c\u4e27\u5931\u751f\u80b2\u80fd\u529b\u800c\u540e\u6094\u3002\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5916\u79d1\u624b\u672f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u9700\u8981\u5207\u9664\u5065\u5eb7\u8eab\u4f53\u90e8\u4f4d\u7684\u624b\u672f\uff0c\u6d89\u53ca\u9ebb\u9189\u56fa\u6709\u98ce\u9669\u4ee5\u53ca\u590d\u6742\u624b\u672f\u7684\u6108\u5408\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:70px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.7\u9488\u5bf9\u7537\u6027\u8eab\u4f53\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8005\u7684\u624b\u672f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e0d\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e8e\u8377\u5c14\u8499\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7537\u6027\u8eab\u4f53\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8005\u4f1a\u5bfb\u6c42\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u624b\u672f\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u9686\u80f8\u3001\u9634\u830e\u548c\u777e\u4e38\u5207\u9664\u3001\u53ef\u63d2\u5165\u5b54\u9053\u7684\u6784\u5efa\u3001\u9762\u90e8\u6574\u5f62\u3001\u8eab\u4f53\u5851\u5f62\uff0c\u53bb\u9664\u5589\u7ed3\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u624b\u672f\u3002\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u624b\u672f\u8303\u56f4\u5341\u5206\u5e7f\u6cdb\uff0c\u575a\u5b9a\u7684\u610f\u5411\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u6301\u7eed\u591a\u5e74\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u66f4\u591a\u548c\u5404\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u624b\u672f\u3002\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u624b\u672f\u5728\u975e\u533b\u5b66\u8eab\u4f53\u6539\u9020\u9886\u57df\u4e5f\u6709\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u300a\u56fd\u9645\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u671f\u520a(International Journal of Transgenderism)\u300b\uff0c\u7531\u6027\u5b66\u5bb6\u54c8\u91cc\u00b7\u672c\u96c5\u660e\u521b\u529e\u7684\u3001\u4e13\u95e8\u7814\u7a76\u8be5\u9886\u57df\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u5916\u79d1\u533b\u751f\u534f\u4f1a\u7684\u5b98\u65b9\u6742\u5fd7\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u671f\u63cf\u8ff0\u548c\u56fe\u793a\u4e86\u5bf9\u7537\u6027\u8eab\u4f53\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8005\u624b\u672f\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u8be5\u624b\u672f\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u5c55\u793a\u7684\u72c2\u70ed\u8005\u4e3a\u6ee1\u8db3\u6027\u5feb\u611f\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u6539\u9020\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u777e\u4e38\u5207\u9664\u672f(\u5373\u9609\u5272)\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027(Perovic <em>et al.<\/em>,2005)\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8eab\u4f53\u6539\u9020\u7f51\u7ad9Ezine\u520a\u767b\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u6b8b\u9177\u5207\u5272\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u8840\u8165\u9732\u9aa8\u7684\u7167\u7247\uff0c\u5982\u4eba\u4f53\u7a7f\u52fe\u60ac\u540a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7167\u7247\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u5176\u4ed6\u8272\u60c5\u5236\u54c1\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u53ef\u4f9b\u7231\u597d\u8005\u4ed8\u8d39\u4e0b\u8f7d (Jeffreys,2008)\u3002\u8fd9\u7bc7\u671f\u520a\u6587\u7ae0\u5305\u542b\u4e03\u9875\u8bf4\u660e\u5916\u79d1\u533b\u751f\u5982\u4f55\u5207\u5272\u9634\u830e\u7684\u624b\u7ed8\u56fe\uff0c\u8fd8\u7528\u5341\u4e00\u9875\u5168\u5f69\u7167\u7247\u5c55\u793a\u300c\u9634\u830e\u788e\u7247\u300d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7167\u7247\u6781\u5176\u9a87\u4eba\u8840\u8165\uff0c\u9634\u830e\u7684\u8840\u8089\u788e\u7247\u88ab\u533b\u7597\u5668\u68b0\u5939\u4f4f\u4ee5\u4f9b\u8bc4\u4f30\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u89e3\u91ca\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c06\u9634\u830e\u76ae\u80a4\u7ffb\u8f6c\u6765\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u9634\u9053\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u690d\u5165\u300c\u4e8b\u5148\u51c6\u5907\u597d\u7684\u8154\u4f53\u300d\u4e2d\u3002\u63a5\u7740\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7528\u300c\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u9634\u830e\u548c\u9634\u56ca\u76ae\u80a4\u300d\u6784\u5efa\u9634\u5507(Perovic <em>et al.<\/em>,2005:43)\u3002\u5c24\u5176\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7537\u6027\u5168\u5207\u8005\u548c\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u7684\u7537\u6027\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5bf9\u6bc1\u4f24\u9634\u830e\u7684\u516c\u5f00\u5c55\u793a\u548c\u5728Ezine\u4e0a\u7531\u7537\u6027\u8eab\u4f53\u6539\u9020\u8005\u5c55\u793a\u7684\u9634\u830e\u5206\u89e3\u5e76\u65e0\u660e\u663e\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u4e3a\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u6ee1\u8db3\u611f\u3002\u4f46\u524d\u8005\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u5916\u8863\u4e0b\u5448\u73b0\uff0c\u8fd9\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u6b63\u5f53\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u7c7b\u6b8b\u5272\u5b9e\u8df5\u5df2\u88ab\u5e38\u6001\u5316\u4e3a\u5e94\u5bf9\u300c\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u300d\u6240\u81f4\u5fc3\u7406\u56f0\u6270\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u300c\u7597\u6cd5\u300d\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u5176\u4e2d\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u5371\u5bb3\u5f88\u5c11\u88ab\u63d0\u53ca\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u300a\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u671f\u520a\u300b\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\uff0c\u95ee\u9898\u786e\u5b9e\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u4ee4\u4eba\u4e0d\u6ee1\u7684\u6e7f\u5ea6\uff0c\u300c\u56e0\u672f\u4e2d\u76f4\u80a0\u635f\u4f24\u5bfc\u81f4\u76f4\u80a0-\u9634\u9053\u7618\u300d\uff0c\u300c\u4e24\u540d\u60a3\u8005\u9634\u9053\u840e\u7f29\u300d\uff0c\u300c\u9634\u9053\u53e3\u72ed\u7a84\u300d\uff0c\u300c\u4e00\u540d\u60a3\u8005\u56e0\u6027\u4ea4\u671f\u635f\u4f24\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u5c3f\u9053\u53e3\u665a\u671f\u72ed\u7a84\u300d\uff0c\u300c\u5c3f\u9053\u8131\u5782\u300d\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u300c\u6027\u4ea4\u65f6\u9634\u9053\u540e\u58c1\u7834\u88c2\u300d(Perovic <em>et al<\/em>.,2005:64)\u3002\u90a3\u4e9b\u7528\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u9634\u830e\u76ae\u80a4\u5851\u9020\u65b0\u5b54\u9053\u7684\u60a3\u8005\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5728\u591c\u95f4\u5c06\u4e00\u79cd\u540d\u4e3a\u300c\u652f\u67b6\u300d\u7684\u7269\u4f53\u7f6e\u5165\u624b\u672f\u6784\u5efa\u7684\u9634\u9053\u4e2d\u4ee5\u4fdd\u6301\u5176\u5f00\u653e\uff0c\u300c\u76f4\u5230\u80fd\u5b9a\u671f\u8fdb\u884c\u6027\u4ea4\u300d(Perovic <em>et al.<\/em>,2005:64)\u3002\u90a3\u4e9b\u300c\u9634\u830e\u76ae\u80a4\u4e0d\u8db3\u300d\u7684\u60a3\u8005\u88ab\u5efa\u8bae\u300c\u8fde\u7eed\u663c\u591c\u4f7f\u7528\u652f\u67b6\u4e00\u5e74\uff0c\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u6e38\u79bb\u7684\u9634\u830e\u76ae\u80a4\u79fb\u690d\u7247\u5728\u7ee7\u53d1\u4e0a\u76ae\u5316\u540e\u53d1\u751f\u631b\u7f29\u300d(ibid.)\u3002\u60a3\u8005\u88ab\u5efa\u8bae\u5c3d\u65e9\u7528\u624b\u672f\u6784\u5efa\u7684\u9634\u9053\u8fdb\u884c\u6027\u4ea4\uff0c\u300c\u5373\u4fbf\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u51fa\u8840\u300d\u3002\u6587\u7ae0\u6ca1\u6709\u63d0\u53ca\u75bc\u75db\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e5f\u672a\u8bf4\u660e\u6539\u53d8\u4e3b\u610f\u7684\u60a3\u8005\u5728\u4fee\u590d\u624b\u672f\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u9047\u5230\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7528\u9634\u56ca\u76ae\u80a4\u6784\u5efa\u9634\u9053\uff0c\u5219\u9700\u7528\u7535\u89e3\u53bb\u9664\u9634\u6bdb\u3002\u5728\u300a\u536b\u62a5\u300b\u7684\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6848\u4f8b(Batty,2004)\uff0c\u514b\u52b3\u8fea\u5a05\u5728\u6784\u5efa\u9634\u9053\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u9634\u56ca\u76ae\u80a4\u5e76\u672a\u8fdb\u884c\u7535\u89e3\u8131\u6bdb\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u6bdb\u53d1\u7ee7\u7eed\u5728\u4eba\u5de5\u9634\u9053\u5185\u751f\u957f\uff1a\u300c\u6709\u4e00\u5929\u6211\u6b63\u5728\u505a\u7231\u65f6\u611f\u89c9\u4e0d\u592a\u5bf9\u52b2\u3002\u6211\u7684\u9634\u9053\u91cc\u6709\u4e00\u56e2\u50cf\u94a2\u4e1d\u7403\u4e00\u6837\u6bdb\u53d1\u300d\u3002\u4e00\u4f4d\u5916\u79d1\u533b\u751f\u5e2e\u4ed6\u53d6\u51fa\u6bdb\u53d1\uff0c\u4f46\u8b66\u544a\u8bf4\u5b83\u4f1a\u4e0d\u65ad\u957f\u56de\u6765(ibid.)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u65b0\u6784\u5efa\u7684\u5b54\u9053\u5728\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u4e0d\u662f\u9634\u9053\u3002\u9634\u9053\u4e0e\u5973\u6027\u8eab\u4f53\u751f\u6b96\u7cfb\u7edf\u76f8\u8fde\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5916\u90e8\u8154\u9053\uff0c\u6b64\u5916\u9634\u9053\u8fd8\u6709\u81ea\u6e05\u6d01\u673a\u5236\u3002\u7537\u6027\u8eab\u4f53\u7684\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8005\u65b0\u5f00\u51ff\u7684\u5b54\u9053\u548c\u9634\u9053\u5e76\u4e0d\u76f8\u4f3c\uff1b\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u6816\u606f\u5730\uff0c\u4f1a\u6ecb\u751f\u611f\u67d3\u5e76\u4e3a\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u5e26\u6765\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u5f02\u5473\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6076\u81ed\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u5efa\u8bae\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u8ba8\u8bba\u8bdd\u9898\u3002\u533b\u5b66\u8bc1\u636e\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u786e\u5b9e\u5b58\u5728\u6076\u81ed\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u548c\u90a3\u4e9b\u4ece\u4e8b\u300c\u5f02\u6027\u604b\u300d\u6027\u4ea4\u7684\u7537\u6027\u8eab\u4f53\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8005\u7684\u7caa\u4fbf\u7ec6\u83cc\u6709\u5173\uff1a\u300c\u56db\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684\u5973\u6027\u62a5\u544a\u9891\u7e41\u51fa\u73b0\u6076\u81ed\u5206\u6ccc\u7269\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u533b\u751f\u5728\u5987\u79d1\u68c0\u67e5\u65f6\u66f4\u9891\u7e41\u5730\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u6076\u81ed\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u548c\u5b58\u5728\u7caa\u4fbf\u7ec6\u83cc\u6027\u9634\u9053\u75c5\u6837\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u7fa4\u843d\u6709\u5173\u300d(Weyers, <em>et al.<\/em>,2009)\u3002\u4eba\u9020\u9634\u9053\u7f3a\u4e4f\u4e0e\u5973\u6027\u9634\u9053\u5065\u5eb7\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4e73\u9178\u6746\u83cc\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:70px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.8\u9762\u90e8\u5973\u6027\u5316\u624b\u672f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7537\u6027\u8eab\u4f53\u7684\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8005\u5e76\u4e0d\u5fc5\u7136\u6b62\u6b65\u4e8e\u5207\u9664\u751f\u6b96\u5668\u3001\u6784\u5efa\u5047\u9634\u9053\u548c\u9686\u80f8\u624b\u672f\u3002\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u5341\u5e74\u4e2d\uff0c\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u624b\u672f\u884c\u4e1a\u5df2\u5927\u5e45\u591a\u6837\u5316\uff0c\u73b0\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u5404\u5f0f\u5404\u6837\u7684\u9762\u90e8\u5973\u6027\u5316\u624b\u672f(FFS)\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u624b\u672f\u636e\u79f0\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u6210\u5e74\u7537\u6027\u9762\u90e8\u7279\u5f81\u8fc7\u4e8e\u7537\u6027\u5316\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6839\u636e\u884c\u4e1a\u7f51\u7ad9facialfeminizationsurgery.info\u7684\u8c03\u67e5\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u300c\u6700\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\u300d\u7684\u9762\u90e8\u624b\u672f\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u63d0\u7709\uff1b\u989e\u90e8\u63d0\u5347\uff1b\u5934\u76ae\u524d\u79fb\uff1b\u989d\u9aa8\u9686\u8d77\u7f29\u5c0f\u622a\u9aa8\u672f\uff1b\u773c\u7736\u4e0a\u7f18\u7f29\u5c0f\u622a\u9aa8\u672f\uff1b\u9f3b\u5c16\u5851\u5f62\uff1b\u9aa8\u6027\u9f3b\u9525\u622a\u9aa8\u672f\uff1b\u4e0b\u988c\u4fa7\u4e0b\u90e8\u524a\u9aa8\uff1b\u4e0b\u988c\u89d2\u524a\u9aa8\uff1b\u988f\u4e0b\u5438\u8102\uff1b\u9888\u90e8\u63d0\u62c9\uff1b\u548c\u9762\u90e8\u63d0\u62c9\u7b49\u66f4\u591a\u624b\u672f(Facialfeminizationsurgery.info,n.d.)\u3002\u8be5\u884c\u4e1a\u7f51\u7ad9\u5c06 FFS \u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u300c\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4fb5\u5165\u6027\u300d\u624b\u672f\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8be6\u5c3d\u8b66\u544a\u548c\u53ef\u80fd\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u5371\u5bb3\u6027\u540e\u679c\uff0c\u4ece\u4e25\u91cd\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u5931\u8840\uff1b\u8840\u6813\uff1b\u611f\u67d3\uff1b\u80ba\u708e\uff1b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u574f\u6b7b\uff1b\u4ee5\u53ca\u762b\u75ea\uff1b\u5230\u8f83\u8f7b\u98ce\u9669\u5982\u7622\u75d5(Facialfeminization.info,n.d.)\u3002\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u8fd8\u5b58\u5728\u5305\u62ec\u6291\u90c1\u5728\u5185\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u8be5\u7f51\u7ad9\u8b66\u544a\u8bf4\u300c\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u60a3\u8005\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u7ecf\u5386\u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u672f\u540e\u6291\u90c1\u300d\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7126\u8651\u548c\u540e\u6094\u3002\u5bfb\u627e\u9762\u90e8\u5916\u79d1\u533b\u751f\u7684\u94fe\u63a5\u4f1a\u76f4\u63a5\u8df3\u8f6c\u5230\u7f8e\u56fd\u77e5\u540d\u6574\u5f62\u5916\u79d1\u533b\u751f\u6770\u5f17\u91cc\u00b7\u65af\u76ae\u683c\u5c14\u535a\u58eb\u7684\u7f51\u7ad9\uff0c\u4ed6\u5df2\u5c06 FFS \u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u4ed6\u4e3a\u5973\u6027\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u9762\u90e8\u6574\u5f62\u624b\u672f\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d(drspiegel,n.d.)\u3002\u65af\u76ae\u683c\u5c14\u5c06\u9762\u90e8\u5973\u6027\u5316\u624b\u672f\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u300c\u4e3a\u60a3\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u4ed6\u4eec\u672c\u5e94\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u8138\u5e9e\u300d\uff0c\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u300c\u4e3a\u60a8\u63d0\u4f9b\u652f\u6301\u60a8\u771f\u5b9e\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4e3b\u8981\u548c\u7ec6\u5fae\u7279\u5f81\u300d\u3002\u6cf0\u56fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u4fbf\u5b9c\u7684 FFS \u9014\u5f84\uff0c\u5f53\u5730\u84ec\u52c3\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u533b\u7597\u65c5\u6e38\u4ea7\u4e1a\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e0e\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u624b\u672f(ThaiMed,n.d.)\u3002\u7537\u6027\u8eab\u4f53\u7684\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8005\u53ef\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u624b\u672f\u8303\u56f4\u975e\u5e38\u5e7f\u6cdb\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e3a\u90a3\u4e9b\u6c89\u8ff7\u624b\u672f\u53ca\u5176\u6548\u679c\u7684\u4eba\u63d0\u4f9b\u591a\u5e74\u8ffd\u6c42\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5371\u9669\u4e14\u4fb5\u5165\u6027\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u4e3a\u4ea7\u4e1a\u5e26\u6765\u66f4\u5927\u5229\u6da6\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u90a3\u4e9b\u6539\u53d8\u4e3b\u610f\u4f46\u65e0\u6cd5\u6062\u590d\u5065\u5eb7\u548c\u8eab\u4f53\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e0e\u624b\u672f\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4f24\u5bb3\u4f1a\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u52a0\u91cd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:70px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.9\u540e\u6094\u8de8\u6027\u522b<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5df2\u7ecf\u63a5\u53d7\u8377\u5c14\u8499\u6cbb\u7597\u6216\u751f\u7406\u6027\u522b\u91cd\u7f6e\u624b\u672f\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8eab\u4efd\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u5f02\u6027\u522b\u6210\u5458\u7684\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6539\u53d8\u4e3b\u610f\u5e76\u540e\u6094\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u7834\u574f\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u5b9e\u8df5\u53ef\u4fe1\u5ea6\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u906d\u5230\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u6d3b\u52a8\u4eba\u58eb\u7684\u575a\u51b3\u5426\u8ba4\uff0c\u5e76\u88ab\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u533b\u7597\u4e13\u4e1a\u4eba\u58eb\u523b\u610f\u5ffd\u89c6\u3002\u7acb\u6cd5\u8005\u540c\u6837\u56de\u907f\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u66f4\u559c\u6b22\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u865a\u6784\u8ba4\u77e5\u2014\u2014\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u83b7\u5f97\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u8ba4\u5b9a\u8bc1\u4e66\u7684\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8005\u4f1a\u6539\u53d8\u4e3b\u610f(Jeffreys,2008)\u30022004\u5e74\u82f1\u56fd\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u4e00\u9879\u7acb\u6cd5\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8005\u5408\u6cd5\u6539\u53d8\u5176\u751f\u7406\u6027\u522b\uff0c\u5176\u53cd\u5bf9\u8005\u66fe\u8bd5\u56fe\u63d0\u51fa\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\uff0c\u6765\u5141\u8bb8\u90a3\u4e9b\u6539\u53d8\u4e3b\u610f\u7684\u4eba\u518d\u6b21\u56de\u5230\u5ba1\u67e5\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u5e76\u91cd\u65b0\u83b7\u5f97\u8bc1\u4e66\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fd8\u8be2\u95ee\u4e86\u5982\u679c\u6709\u4eba\u591a\u6b21\u6539\u53d8\u4e3b\u610f\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7acb\u6cd5\u80fd\u5426\u5bb9\u7eb3\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u653f\u5e9c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e3b\u5f20\u4e0d\u591f\u4e25\u8083\u5c06\u5176\u9a73\u56de\uff0c\u4f46\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u540e\u6094\u662f\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u6cbb\u7597\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u5bb3\u7684\u540e\u679c\u3002\u90a3\u4e9b\u540e\u6094\u7684\u4eba\u5982\u679c\u82b1\u8d39\u591a\u5e74\u8fdb\u884c\u8377\u5c14\u8499\u751a\u81f3\u624b\u672f\u6cbb\u7597\uff0c\u5c06\u7ecf\u5386\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u8f6c\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u4f24\u5bb3\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0d\u80b2\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u7ecf\u5386\u793e\u4f1a\u4f24\u5bb3\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u548c\u5bb6\u5ead\u3001\u4eba\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u758f\u8fdc\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56e0\u7d20\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u5217\u4e3a\u5e0c\u671b\u53bb\u8f6c\u53d8(\u5373\u4ee5\u539f\u672c\u751f\u7406\u6027\u522b\u751f\u6d3b)\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u540e\u6094\u73b0\u8c61\u524a\u5f31\u4e86\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u5373\u5b58\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u3001\u672c\u8d28\u7684\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8005\uff0c\u8fd9\u7c7b\u4eba\u80fd\u88ab\u7cbe\u795e\u79d1\u533b\u751f\u51c6\u786e\u8bc6\u522b\u3002\u5b83\u7ed9\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u9879\u76ee\u9020\u6210\u6839\u672c\u6027\u7684\u7834\u574f\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:70px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.10\u5e78\u5b58\u8005\u8fd0\u52a8<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u5341\u5e74\u91cc\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u624b\u672f\u6570\u91cf\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u540e\u6094\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u4e5f\u968f\u4e4b\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6848\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b8c\u6210\u53d8\u6027\u7684\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u88ab\u8bef\u8bca\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u8bd5\u56fe\u901a\u8fc7\u624b\u672f\u9006\u8f6c\u5176\u751f\u7406\u6027\u522b\u91cd\u7f6e\u3002\u90a3\u4e9b\u540e\u6094\u8f6c\u53d8\u7684\u4eba\u4e5f\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u533b\u7597\u4e13\u4e1a\u4eba\u58eb\u9488\u5bf9\u5176\u65bd\u884c\u6709\u5bb3\u6cbb\u7597\u7684\u300c\u5e78\u5b58\u8005\u300d\uff0c\u540e\u6094\u8005\u548c\u5e78\u5b58\u8005\u4e24\u4e2a\u672f\u8bed\u5c06\u5728\u672c\u4e66\u4ea4\u66ff\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u540e\u6094\u73b0\u8c61\u5df2\u5728\u6cbb\u7597\u754c\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u9886\u57df\u5f97\u5230\u627f\u8ba4\u3002\u963f\u5179\u00b7\u54c8\u57fa\u59c6\u5728\u4f26\u6566\u6ce2\u7279\u66fc\u8bca\u6240\u8fd0\u8425\u4e00\u4e2a\u6cbb\u7597\u5c0f\u7ec4\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u65e2\u6709\u6e34\u671b\u8f6c\u53d8\u7684\u7537\u6027\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u540e\u6094\u8f6c\u53d8\u7684\u7537\u6027\uff0c\u8fc7\u53bb\u8fd9\u4e24\u7c7b\u4eba\u7fa4\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u4e25\u683c\u5206\u9694\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u503c\u5f97\u76f8\u4e92\u503e\u8bc9\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u672f\u524d\u7ec4\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u662f\u6000\u62b1\u5e0c\u671b\u548c\u4e50\u89c2\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u751a\u81f3\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u4e00\u79cd\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u7684\u6b22\u6b23\uff1b\u800c\u672f\u540e\u7ec4\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u662f\u7edd\u671b\u3001\u65e0\u671b\u548c\u6094\u6068\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u56e0\u4e3a\u5c0f\u7ec4\u6210\u5458\u5e0c\u671b\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u4ece\u672a\u63a5\u53d7\u624b\u672f\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\">\u2014\u2014Hakeem,2012:20<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u76ee\u524d\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u8bc1\u636e\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u4e00\u573a\u5e78\u5b58\u8005\u8fd0\u52a8\u6b63\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u6b63\u5728\u53d1\u5c55\u5bf9\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u5b9e\u8df5\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6279\u5224\u3002\u5b83\u4e3a\u90a3\u4e9b\u6b63\u5728\u8003\u8651\u8f6c\u53d8\u4f46\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u548c\u5bf9\u81ea\u8eab\u51b3\u5b9a\u4ecd\u6709\u7591\u8651\u7684\u4eba\u63d0\u4f9b\u652f\u6301\u3002\u622a\u81f3\u6700\u8fd1\u51e0\u5e74\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e13\u4e3a\u5e78\u5b58\u8005\u8bbe\u7acb\u7684\u7f51\u7ad9\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c31\u662f\u6c83\u7279\u00b7\u6d77\u8036\u5c14\u7684\u7f51\u7ad9\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u5b8c\u6210\u624b\u672f\u7684\u7537\u6027\u8eab\u4f53\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8005\uff0c\u5df2\u8fdb\u884c\u53bb\u8f6c\u53d8\u624b\u672f\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u7684\u624b\u672f\u548c\u6240\u6709\u751f\u7406\u6027\u522b\u91cd\u7f6e\u624b\u672f\u90fd\u662f\u9519\u8bef\u7684(Heyer,n.d.)\u3002\u5bf9\u624b\u672f\u4e0d\u6ee1\u610f\u7684\u7537\u6027\u8eab\u4f53\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8005\u4eec\u5728\u7f51\u7ad9\u4e0a\u8bb2\u8ff0\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4eba\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u4ed6\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u300c\u4ed6\u9700\u8981\u7684\u662f\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u6cbb\u7597\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6539\u53d8\u751f\u7406\u6027\u522b\u7684\u624b\u672f\u300d\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e78\u5b58\u8005\u7f51\u7ad9\u662f\u8bbe\u7acb\u5728\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u58a8\u5c14\u672c\u7684Gendermenders\uff0c\u5b83\u6279\u5224\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u4e3b\u4e49\u89c2\u70b9\u548c\u4e00\u5207\u6cbb\u7597\u5f62\u5f0f(Gender Menders,n.d.)\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6700\u8fd1\u4e3a\u540e\u6094\u8005\u4eec\u8bbe\u7acb\u7684\u652f\u6301\u6027\u8d44\u6e90\u9010\u6e10\u589e\u591a\u3002Atlas Strawberries\u6210\u7acb\u4e8e2012\u5e74\u3002\u4e24\u4f4d\u58f0\u79f0\u5df2\u7ecf\u300c\u53bb\u8f6c\u53d8\u300d\u7684\u521b\u59cb\u4eba\u89e3\u91ca\u8bf4\uff0c\u300c\u8be5\u5e73\u53f0\u65e8\u5728\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u53bb\u8f6c\u53d8\u8005\u80fd\u533f\u540d\u5206\u4eab\u65e5\u5e38\u632b\u6298\u3001\u5b64\u72ec\u548c\u5fc3\u788e\u65f6\u523b\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u300d\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8bbe\u7acb\u8be5\u7f51\u7ad9\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5411\u90a3\u4e9b\u5bfb\u6c42\u53bb\u8f6c\u53d8\u7684\u4eba\u63d0\u4f9b\u300c\u56e2\u7ed3\u300d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u300c\u6df1\u77e5\u8fd9\u5728\u60c5\u7eea\u3001\u8eab\u4f53\u548c\u5fc3\u7406\u4e0a\u591a\u4e48\u5177\u6709\u7834\u574f\u6027\u300d(Atlas Strawberries,2012)\u30022013\u5e74\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3a NoGoingBack \u7684\u540e\u6094\u8005\u5728\u7ebf\u4ea4\u6d41\u5e73\u53f0\u6295\u5165\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u81ea\u79f0\u300c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3a\u90a3\u4e9b\u66fe\u7ecf\u5386\u533b\u5b66\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\/\u6216\u8eab\u4f53\u4e0a\u5411\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u751f\u7406\u6027\u522b\u8f6c\u53d8&#8230;&#8230;\u4e4b\u540e\u9009\u62e9\u505c\u6b62\u8f6c\u53d8\u548c\/\u6216\u505c\u6b62\u8ba4\u540c\u4e3a\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8005\/\u53d8\u6027\u8005\u7684\u4eba\u8bbe\u7acb\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u300d(NoGoingBack,2013)\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7f51\u7edc\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u5e7f\u6cdb\u6d8c\u73b0\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u73b0\u8c61\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u8f6c\u6298\u70b9\u3002\u518d\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u4ee5\u5f88\u9ad8\u7684\u53ef\u4fe1\u5ea6\u5ba3\u79f0\u8eab\u4f53\u6539\u9020\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u300c\u6cbb\u6108\u300d\u7597\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8fd9\u79cd\u505a\u6cd5\u6b63\u9762\u4e34\u6765\u81ea\u521d\u73b0\u7684\u5e78\u5b58\u8005\u8fd0\u52a8\u5bf9\u5176\u6709\u6548\u6027\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u6311\u6218\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53c2\u4e0e\u5728\u7ebf\u540e\u6094\u8005\/\u5e78\u5b58\u8005\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u4e24\u540d\u53d7\u8bbf\u8005\uff0c\u4e00\u540d\u7537\u6027\u548c\u4e00\u540d\u5973\u6027\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u672c\u4e66\u91c7\u8bbf\u3002\u9009\u62e9\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8ba4\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u88ab\u8bef\u8bca\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8fd8\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u4e00\u79cd\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u3001\u6279\u5224\u6027\u653f\u6cbb\u89c2\u70b9\u6765\u5168\u9762\u6311\u6218\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u4e3b\u4e49\u5b9e\u8df5\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u7ebf\u4e0a\u5341\u5206\u6d3b\u8dc3\uff0c\u8868\u8fbe\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6279\u5224\uff0c\u5e76\u516c\u5f00\u547c\u5401\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u80fd\u5e2e\u52a9\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u6446\u8131\u548c\u8f6c\u53d8\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4f24\u5bb3\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u610f\u8bc6\u548c\u65b0\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u8c61\u5f81\uff0c\u8fd9\u6216\u8bb8\u6210\u4e3a\u5e78\u5b58\u8005\u53d1\u8d77\u62b5\u6297\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u840c\u82bd\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u975e\u5e38\u52c7\u6562\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6765\u81ea\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u6d3b\u52a8\u4eba\u58eb\u7684\u53cd\u51fb\u53ef\u80fd\u6781\u5177\u8650\u5f85\u6027\u3002\u6c83\u7279\u00b7\u6d77\u8036\u5c14\u5c5e\u4e8e\u8f83\u65e9\u4e00\u4ee3\u7684\u7537\u6027\u8eab\u4f53\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8005\uff0c\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u8377\u5c14\u8499\u6cbb\u7597\u548c\u751f\u7406\u6027\u522b\u91cd\u7f6e\u624b\u672f\u524d\uff0c\u4ed6\u6709\u5178\u578b\u7684\u5f02\u6027\u604b\u7537\u6027\u5f02\u88c5\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u3002\u4ed6\u66fe\u53d7\u5230\u4e0a\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e94\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u56f4\u7ed5\u514b\u91cc\u65af\u6c40\u00b7\u7ea6\u6839\u68ee\u53d8\u6027\u6848\u4f8b\u7684\u8206\u8bba\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u8003\u8651\u8d70\u4e0a\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e4b\u8def\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u540e\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u53bb\u8f6c\u53d8\u624b\u672f\uff0c\u5982\u4eca\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u53cd\u5bf9\u751f\u7406\u6027\u522b\u91cd\u7f6e\u624b\u672f\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u3002\u6d77\u8036\u5c14\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u54c8\u91cc\u00b7\u672c\u96c5\u660e\u7684\u62a4\u7406\u6807\u51c6\u672a\u88ab\u9075\u5b88\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4e3a\u4ed6\u6cbb\u7597\u7684\u662f\u66fe\u7ecf\u53c2\u4e0e\u8d77\u8349\u8fd9\u4efd\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u533b\u751f\u3002\u8fd9\u4f4d\u533b\u751f\u4ec5\u5728\u56db\u5341\u4e94\u5206\u949f\u7684\u54a8\u8be2\u540e\u5c31\u6279\u51c6\u4e86\u4ed6\u8fdb\u884c\u624b\u672f\uff0c\u4ed6\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u5bfb\u6c42\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u7684\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u300c\u76f4\u63a5\u8d70\u8fdb\u67d0\u4f4d\u533b\u751f\u7684\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\uff0c\u544a\u8bc9\u4ed6\uff0c\u4f60\u77e5\u9053\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u60f3\u8981\u4e00\u4e9b\u8377\u5c14\u8499\uff0c\u4f60\u4ed8\u4ed6\u94b1\uff0c\u90a3\u4eba\u5c31\u4f1a\u7ed9\u4f60\u8377\u5c14\u8499\uff0c\u4f60\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u7528\u63a5\u53d7\u54a8\u8be2\u300d\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u53ea\u5173\u4e4e\u91d1\u94b1\uff1b\u300c\u533b\u751f\u4eec\u95ee\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u4f60\u6709\u94b1\u5417\uff1f\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u4f60\u7684\u54a8\u8be2\uff0c\u4f60\u6709\u94b1\u5417\uff1f\u300d\u4ed6\u89e3\u91ca\u8bf4\uff0c\u6570\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u54a8\u8be2\u4e86\u51e0\u4f4d\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u65e0\u4e00\u4f8b\u5916\u5730\u544a\u8bc9\u4ed6\uff0c\u4ed6\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u60a3\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u5206\u79bb\u6027\u969c\u788d\u3002\u6d77\u8036\u5c14\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u53bb\u8f6c\u53d8\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u5bf9\u624b\u672f\u672c\u8eab\u611f\u5230\u540e\u6094\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u624b\u672f\u7684\u540e\u679c\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5b50\u5973\u7684\u758f\u8fdc\u3001\u5931\u4e1a\u3001\u65e0\u5bb6\u53ef\u5f52\u3002\u4ed6\u73b0\u5728\u8ba4\u4e3a\u300c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u6539\u53d8\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u2026\u2026\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9ta\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u4eff\u4f5b\u6709\u4e86\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u6539\u53d8\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u662f\u65e0\u7a3d\u4e4b\u8c08\u300d\u3002\u4ed6\u8bf4\u81ea\u5df1\u300c\u559c\u6b22\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5973\u6027\u7684\u611f\u89c9\u300d\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u56e0\u4e3a\u8d2d\u4e70\u548c\u7a7f\u6234\u4e0e\u5973\u6027\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u670d\u9970\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u6109\u60a6\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u77e5\u9053\u81ea\u5df1\u300c\u4e0d\u662f\u5973\u6027\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6d77\u8036\u5c14\u548c\u6240\u6709\u516c\u5f00\u8868\u8fbe\u540e\u6094\u8f6c\u53d8\u7684\u4eba\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u81ea\u5df1\u6210\u4e3a\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u6d3b\u52a8\u4eba\u58eb\u5927\u91cf\u8fb1\u9a82\u548c\u9a9a\u6270\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u4ed6\u75db\u65a5\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u6d3b\u52a8\u4eba\u58eb\u76d1\u63a7\u90a3\u4e9b\u53bb\u8f6c\u53d8\u7684\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8005\uff0c\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u56e0\u5bb3\u6015\u62a5\u590d\u800c\u4e0d\u6562\u516c\u5f00\u53d1\u58f0\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u618e\u6076\u4ed6\u4eec\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u5982\u6b64\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u6743\u529b\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u300d\u3002\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u5e0c\u671b\u300c\u6700\u7ec8\u4f1a\u6709\u4eba\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5927\u6c14\u7403\u4e0a\u624e\u4e00\u9489\u5b50\uff0c\u8ba9\u5b83\u7206\u70b8\u300d\uff0c\u4f46\u76ee\u524d\u5f88\u5c11\u6709\u4eba\u613f\u610f\u633a\u8eab\u53cd\u6297\u8fd9\u79cd\u6279\u5224\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u9738\u51cc\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4ed6\u300c\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e3a\u6570\u4e0d\u591a\u7684\u62e5\u6709\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e00\u76f4\u5411\u6211\u53d1\u9001\u4e0b\u6d41\u6076\u5fc3\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u300d\u3002\u6d77\u8036\u5c14\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u4e24\u90e8\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u7eb8\u4e0a\u6027\u522b(Paper Genders)\u300b(2011)\u548c\u300a\u6539\u53d8\u751f\u7406\u6027\u522b\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u662f\u81ea\u6740(Sex Change \u2013 It\u2019s Suicide)\u300b(2013)\u4e2d\u90fd\u6709\u8be6\u7ec6\u9610\u8ff0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53e6\u4e00\u4f4d\u53d7\u8bbf\u8005\u662f\u5e0c\u601d\u00b7\u62c9\u585e\u5c14\uff0c\u4e00\u4f4d\u5e74\u8f7b\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u5973\u540c\u6027\u604b\u8005\uff0c\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u5973\u6027\u8eab\u4f53\u7684\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u4e3b\u4e49\u5728\u5a92\u4f53\u4e0a\u53d7\u5230\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5173\u6ce8\u5e76\u5728\u516c\u4f17\u9886\u57df\u5f97\u5230\u5927\u529b\u5ba3\u4f20\uff0c\u5979\u5728\u9752\u6625\u671f\u65f6\u88ab\u8f6c\u53d8\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u6df1\u6df1\u5438\u5f15\u3002\u5e0c\u601d\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u4ea7\u751f\u8f6c\u53d8\u7684\u5ff5\u5934\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u5c0f\u65f6\u5019\u7531\u4e8e\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61\u800c\u906d\u53d7\u9738\u51cc\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u5219\u662f\u4ece\u7535\u89c6\u8131\u53e3\u79c0\u4e2d\u5438\u6536\u4e86\u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u53d8\u751f\u7406\u6027\u522b\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u3002\u5341\u516d\u5c81\u65f6\uff0c\u5979\u300c\u51fa\u67dc\u300d\u8868\u660e\u81ea\u5df1\u559c\u6b22\u5973\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u906d\u5230\u4e86\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u6bcd\u4eb2\u7684\u6781\u5ea6\u8d1f\u9762\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u548c\u6d77\u8036\u5c14\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5979\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u548c\u7cbe\u795e\u79d1\u533b\u751f\u54a8\u8be2\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5341\u5206\u6577\u884d\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bfc\u81f4\u5979\u88ab\u5f00\u5177\u8377\u5c14\u8499\u5904\u65b9\u3002\u5979\u63d0\u51fa\u81ea\u6211\u8ba4\u540c\u4e3a\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8005\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u88ab\u300c\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u300d\uff0c\u800c\u5979\u662f\u5973\u540c\u6027\u604b\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u6ca1\u88ab\u533b\u751f\u89c6\u4f5c\u76f8\u5173\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u793e\u7fa4\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u6210\u5458\u544a\u8bc9\u5979\uff0c\u8981\u8fdc\u79bb\u4efb\u4f55\u8d28\u7591\u5979\u8f6c\u53d8\u7684\u6cbb\u7597\u5e08\uff0c\u7406\u7531\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u662f\u300c\u6050\u8de8\u7684\u300d\u3002\u533b\u7597\u4e13\u4e1a\u4eba\u58eb\u5bf9\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u4e3b\u4e49\u7406\u5ff5\u7684\u5168\u7136\u63a5\u53d7\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff0c\u5979\u6ca1\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u5728\u51b3\u5b9a\u524d\u72b9\u8c6b\u3002\u5979\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u670d\u7528\u8377\u5c14\u8499\u7684\u4e24\u5e74\u91cc\uff0c\u5979\u4e00\u76f4\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u5426\u771f\u7684\u662f\u300c\u7537\u6027\u300d\u5fc3\u5b58\u7591\u8651\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5979\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7f3a\u4e4f\u300c\u5973\u540c\u6027\u604b\u699c\u6837\u300d\u548c\u300c\u9a84\u50b2\u5973\u540c\u6027\u604b\u6587\u5316\u300d\u4f7f\u5979\u8f7b\u6613\u63a5\u53d7\u81ea\u5df1\u5e94\u8be5\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u7684\u76f8\u6cd5\u3002\u76f4\u5230\u5979\u5076\u7136\u63a5\u89e6\u5230\u7531\u9a84\u50b2\u7684\u5973\u540c\u6027\u604b\u8005\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u3001\u65e8\u5728\u963b\u6b62\u5e74\u8f7b\u5973\u540c\u6027\u604b\u8005\u8d70\u5411\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u5979\u624d\u9010\u6e10\u5f00\u59cb\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u91c7\u53d6\u7684\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u5b9e\u8df5\u8f6c\u53d8\u7acb\u573a\u3002\u5e0c\u601d\u56e0\u6b64\u83b7\u5f97\u81ea\u4fe1\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6452\u5f03\u5973\u6027\u7279\u8d28\u7684\u5973\u540c\u6027\u604b\u8005\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8ba4\u5b9a\u81ea\u5df1\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u505a\u4e2a\u7537\u4eba\u3002\u53bb\u8f6c\u53d8\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u539f\u56e0\u662f\uff0c\u8377\u5c14\u8499\u5bf9\u5979\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u7cfb\u7edf\u9020\u6210\u4e25\u91cd\u7834\u574f\u3002\u5979\u5f00\u59cb\u7ecf\u5386\u4ee5\u524d\u4ece\u672a\u6709\u8fc7\u7684\u5fc3\u60b8\u548c\u8109\u640f\u52a0\u5feb\u3002\u5979\u5bf9\u8377\u5c14\u8499\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\u4ea7\u751f\u66f4\u591a\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u764c\u75c7\u98ce\u9669\u548c\u591a\u56ca\u5375\u5de2\u7efc\u5408\u75c7\u7b49\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u51b3\u5b9a\u901a\u8fc7\u7a81\u7136\u505c\u7528\u8377\u5c14\u8499\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u53bb\u8f6c\u53d8\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e0d\u662f\u63a8\u8350\u505a\u6cd5\u3002\u90e8\u5206\u8377\u5c14\u8499\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\u5f97\u4ee5\u9006\u8f6c\uff0c\u4f46\u90e8\u5206\u4ecd\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u5979\u81f3\u4eca\u4ecd\u6709\u9762\u90e8\u6bdb\u53d1\uff0c\u8fd9\u5728\u5916\u51fa\u65f6\u7ed9\u5979\u5e26\u6765\u56f0\u6270\uff0c\u5979\u7684\u9a7e\u7167\u4e0a\u4ecd\u7136\u663e\u793a\u5979\u662f\u7537\u6027\uff0c\u5982\u5979\u6240\u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5728\u5973\u6027\u66f4\u8863\u5ba4\u88ab\u76d8\u67e5\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u7ed9\u5979\u5e26\u6765\u9ebb\u70e6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u62c9\u585e\u5c14\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u5979\u81ea\u5df1\u79f0\u4e3a\u5bf9\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6fc0\u8fdb\u5973\u540c\u6027\u604b\u5973\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u8fd9\u5e2e\u52a9\u5979\u7406\u89e3\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\uff0c\u5e76\u7ee7\u7eed\u5728\u5979\u7684\u5728\u7ebf\u884c\u52a8\u4e2d\u7ee7\u7eed\u6311\u6218\u8fd9\u79cd\u5b9e\u8df5\u3002\u5979\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u662f\u300c\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u6240\u8c13\u751f\u5728\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u300d\uff0c\u5979\u8ba4\u4e3a\u9177\u513f\u7406\u8bba\u6df7\u6dc6\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u5e74\u8f7b\u5973\u540c\u6027\u604b\u8005\u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u4f7f\u5979\u4eec\u5bb9\u6613\u53d7\u5230\u8fd9\u7c7b\u9519\u8bef\u89c2\u5ff5\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u5979\u73b0\u5728\u8d5e\u6210\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u89d2\u8272\u548c\u540c\u6027\u604b\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5efa\u6784\u4e3b\u4e49\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c2\u70b9\u5047\u5b9a\u4eba\u4eec\u5e76\u975e\u751f\u6765\u5c31\u662f\u540c\u6027\u604b\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u6210\u4e3a\u540c\u6027\u604b\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8ba4\u4e3a\u540c\u6027\u604b\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e2d\u7ecf\u5e38\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u4e0d\u9075\u4ece\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u7531\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u53cd\u53db\u51b2\u52a8\u5efa\u6784\u800c\u6210\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e0e\u6c83\u7279\u00b7\u6d77\u8036\u5c14\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u62c9\u585e\u5c14\u56e0\u4ee5\u53bb\u8f6c\u53d8\u8005\u8eab\u4efd\u516c\u5f00\u53d1\u58f0\u906d\u53d7\u653b\u51fb\u3002\u5979\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u300c\u51fa\u67dc\u300d\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5305\u62ec\u4e00\u6b21\u7535\u89c6\u91c7\u8bbf\uff0c\u91c7\u8bbf\u4e2d\u5979\u4ee5\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u6781\u5177\u8bf4\u670d\u529b\u5730\u53cd\u5bf9\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u5b9e\u8df5(Russell,2013)\u3002\u5bf9\u5979\u6700\u6076\u6bd2\u7684\u653b\u51fb\u548c\u4fae\u8fb1\u6765\u81ea\u7537\u6027\u8eab\u4f53\u7684\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8005\uff0c\u5979\u88ab\u79f0\u4f5c\u300c\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u7537\u4eba\u300d\u3001\u300c\u8822\u9a74\u300d\u548c\u300c\u9e21\u5df4\u62b9\u5e03\u300d\uff0c\u5e76\u6536\u5230\u6b7b\u4ea1\u548c\u5f3a\u5978\u5a01\u80c1\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5973\u6027\u8eab\u4f53\u7684\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8005\u53ea\u662f\u544a\u8bc9\u62c9\u585e\u5c14\uff0c\u5979\u5e94\u8be5\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u8d1f\u8d23\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5979\u6b63\u7834\u574f\u5bf9\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u533b\u5b66\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u62c9\u585e\u5c14\u7684\u7236\u6bcd\u5728\u518d\u6b21\u6539\u53d8\u79f0\u547c\u5979\u7684\u4ee3\u8bcd\u4e0a\u9047\u5230\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u5979\u7684\u6bcd\u4eb2\u5f88\u96be\u63a5\u53d7\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5973\u513f\u5b9e\u9645\u662f\u4e00\u540d\u5973\u540c\u6027\u604b\u8005\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7537\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u56de\u5e94\u8fd9\u79cd\u5bf9\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u5b9e\u8df5\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u7684\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u6d3b\u52a8\u4eba\u58eb\u548c\u8bc4\u8bba\u5bb6\u5bf9\u90a3\u4e9b\u516c\u5f00\u8868\u8fbe\u540e\u6094\u7684\u4eba\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u6781\u5927\u7684\u6124\u6012\u548c\u654c\u610f\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5c16\u523b\u548c\u654c\u610f\u4e00\u76f4\u76f8\u5f53\u731b\u70c8\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u8ba9\u90a3\u4e9b\u540e\u6094\u7684\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8005\u5bb3\u6015\u516c\u5f00\u8868\u8fbe\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u611f\u53d7\u3002\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u793e\u533a\u5185\u90e8\u6b63\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u4e00\u79cd\u76d1\u7ba1\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u652f\u6491\u8d77\u8fd9\u79cd\u5b9e\u8df5\u6447\u6447\u6b32\u5760\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u827e\u4f26\u00b7\u82ac\u5947\uff0c\u4e00\u4f4d\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u7684\u540e\u6094\u8005\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u76d1\u7ba1\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u9752\u6625\u671f\u65f6\u8d28\u7591\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\uff0c\u60f3\u5f04\u6e05\u695a\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u540c\u6027\u604b\u8fd8\u662f\u751f\u9519\u4e86\u8eab\u4f53\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u4e8c\u5341\u591a\u5c81\u65f6\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u5305\u62ec\u624b\u672f\u5728\u5185\u7684\u5168\u5957\u751f\u7406\u6027\u522b\u91cd\u7f6e\u6cbb\u7597\u3002\u52302004\u5e74\uff0c\u82ac\u5947\u51b3\u5b9a\u8ba4\u540c\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u9634\u830e\u7684\u7537\u4eba\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5c1d\u8bd5\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u751f\u6b96\u5668\u624b\u672f\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5f53\u65f6\u4ed6\u6b63\u8003\u8651\u79fb\u9664\u4eba\u9020\u9634\u9053\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u90a3\u91cc\u7684\u76ae\u80a4\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d8\u5f97\u300c\u7c97\u7cd9\u548c\u7ed3\u75c2\u300d\u3002\u82ac\u5947\u603b\u7ed3\u9053\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u770b\u4e0d\u51fa\u7ee7\u7eed\u6b8b\u5bb3\u6211\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u610f\u4e49\u300d(Batty,2004)\u3002\u82ac\u5947\u4e00\u76f4\u53cd\u5bf9\u4ed6\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u300c\u751f\u7406\u6027\u522b\u8f6c\u53d8\u4ea7\u4e1a\u300d\uff0c\u5e76\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u6cbb\u7597\u90fd\u5e94\u8be5\u88ab\u53eb\u505c\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u4e3b\u4e49\u662f\u7531\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u5b66\u5bb6\u53d1\u660e\u7684\u2026\u2026\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u63aa\u8f9e\u662f\u865a\u5e7b\u7684\u3002\u4f60\u65e0\u6cd5\u5728\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u6539\u53d8\u751f\u7406\u6027\u522b\u2026\u2026\u624b\u672f\u65e0\u6cd5\u6539\u53d8\u4f60\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u3002\u5b83\u53ea\u662f\u751f\u6b96\u5668\u6b8b\u5272\u3002\u6211\u7684\u300c\u9634\u9053\u300d\u53ea\u662f\u6211\u7684\u9634\u56ca\u3002\u5b83\u5c31\u50cf\u4e00\u4e2a\u888b\u5b50\uff0c\u50cf\u888b\u9f20\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u53ef\u6015\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5f53\u4f60\u6027\u5174\u594b\u65f6\uff0c\u4f60\u4ecd\u7136\u89c9\u5f97\u81ea\u5df1\u6709\u9634\u830e\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u50cf\u5e7b\u80a2\u7efc\u5408\u75c7\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u573a\u53ef\u6015\u7684\u4e0d\u5e78\u4e8b\u6545\u3002\u6211\u4ece\u6765\u90fd\u4e0d\u662f\u5973\u4eba\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u827e\u4f26\u2026\u2026\u6211\u5e38\u628a\u7ed9\u6e34\u671b\u6539\u53d8\u751f\u7406\u6027\u522b\u7684\u4eba\u8fdb\u884c\u624b\u672f\u6bd4\u4f5c\u7ed9\u538c\u98df\u75c7\u60a3\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u62bd\u8102\u624b\u672f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\">\u2014\u2014Batty,2004<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u82ac\u5947\u4ee5\u8bef\u8bca\u8d77\u8bc9\u4e86\u4f4d\u4e8e\u58a8\u5c14\u672c\u83ab\u7eb3\u4ec0\u533b\u5b66\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u3001\u4e5f\u662f\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u552f\u4e00\u4e00\u95f4\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u8ba4\u540c\u8bca\u6240\u3002\u5728 Susan&#8217;s.org \u7684\u8bba\u575b\u4e0a\uff0c\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u793e\u7fa4\u7684\u8bc4\u8bba\u5458\u5bf9\u82ac\u5947\u80cc\u5f03\u8fd9\u9879\u4e8b\u4e1a\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u8fdb\u884c\u8a00\u8bed\u6076\u6bd2\u7684\u8fb1\u9a82\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u300c\u4e39\u5c3c\u65af\u300d\u8bc4\u8bba\u82ac\u5947\u5bf9\u83ab\u7eb3\u4ec0\u8bca\u6240\u7684\u8bc9\u8bbc\u8bf4\uff1a\u300c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e2a\u7b11\u8bdd\uff01\u50cf\u4ed6\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4eba\u4e0d\u8be5\u4eab\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u6211\u5e0c\u671b\u4ed6\u8d25\u8bc9\u300d\uff0c\u5e76\u79f0\u4ed6\u662f\u300c\u5a92\u4f53\u5a4a\u5b50\u300d(Susan\u2019s.org, Dennis,2007)\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u4f4d\u8bc4\u8bba\u8005\u300c\u6885\u4e3d\u838e\u300d\u8bf4\uff1a\u300c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4eba\u4ee4\u6211\u4f5c\u5455\u2026\u2026\u62b1\u6b49\uff0c\u540e\u6094\u8f6c\u53d8\u7684\u4eba\u5e94\u5f53\u88ab\u67aa\u6bd9\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u6d6a\u8d39\u7a7a\u6c14\u300d\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u300c\u6d77\u4f26\u00b7W\u300d\u8bf4\u82ac\u5947\u5e94\u8be5\u300c\u88ab\u5632\u7b11\u7740\u8d76\u51fa\u6cd5\u5ead\u300d\uff0c\u5e76\u79f0\u4ed6\u662f\u300c\u6781\u7aef\u64cd\u7eb5\u8005\u300d(ibid.)\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u65e0\u4e00\u4f8b\u5916\u5730\u5426\u8ba4\u540e\u6094\u8005\u771f\u771f\u5b9e\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5e76\u79f0\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4efb\u4f55\u540e\u6094\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9488\u5bf9\u540e\u6094\u8005\/\u5e78\u5b58\u8005\u906d\u53d7\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u75db\u82e6\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u4e0d\u5229\u5904\u5883\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u5728\u7ebf\u8bcb\u6bc1\u8005\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u663e\u5f97\u5f02\u5e38\u6b8b\u5fcd\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u4e03\u5341\u4e94\u5c81\u7684\u52a0\u91cc\u00b7\u8bfa\u987f\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u8fd9\u70b9\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u4e8c\u5341\u4e09\u5e74\u524d\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u751f\u7406\u6027\u522b\u91cd\u7f6e\u624b\u672f\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u624b\u672f\u53f0\u4e0a\u4ecd\u611f\u5230\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u4ee5\u7537\u6027\u8eab\u4efd\u751f\u6d3b(Strange,2012)\u3002\u4ed6\u5e0c\u671b\u56fd\u6c11\u533b\u7597\u670d\u52a1\u4f53\u7cfb\u63d0\u4f9b\u4fee\u590d\u6027\u624b\u672f\uff0c\u4f46\u88ab\u544a\u77e5\u6ca1\u6709\u8d44\u91d1\u7528\u4e8e\u9006\u8f6c\u3002\u300c\u5f53\u4ed6\u538c\u5026\u4e86\u6253\u7406\u5934\u53d1\u548c\u5316\u5986\uff0c\u5e76\u7ee7\u7eed\u88ab\u5f02\u6027\u604b\u5973\u6027\u5438\u5f15\u65f6\u300d\uff0c\u8bfa\u987f\u624d\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u6539\u53d8\u751f\u7406\u6027\u522b\u662f\u4e2a\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u4ee4\u4ed6\u5c24\u5176\u75db\u82e6\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u81ea\u4ece\u63a5\u53d7\u751f\u7406\u6027\u522b\u91cd\u7f6e\u624b\u672f\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u4eec\u4e0d\u613f\u4e0e\u4ed6\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u5973\u6027\u4e0d\u613f\u4e0e\u4ed6\u5efa\u7acb\u5173\u7cfb\u4ee4\u4ed6\u611f\u5230\u5341\u5206\u5b64\u72ec\u3002\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u5931\u4e1a\u540e\u56e0\u6291\u90c1\u53bb\u770b\u5fc3\u7406\u533b\u751f\uff0c\u5f53\u4ed6\u8bf4\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u5f02\u88c5\u7656\u65f6\uff0c\u533b\u751f\u5efa\u8bae\u4ed6\u5f00\u59cb\u670d\u7528\u8377\u5c14\u8499\u3002\u5728\u63a5\u53d7\u751f\u7406\u6027\u522b\u91cd\u7f6e\u624b\u672f\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u53d1\u73b0\u505a\u5973\u4eba\u592a\u300c\u7e41\u7410\u548c\u8017\u65f6\u300d\uff0c\u4ed6\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u300c\u6211\u4ece\u672a\u60f3\u6210\u4e3a\u5973\u4eba\u2014\u2014\u6211\u53ea\u662f\u559c\u6b22\u5076\u5c14\u6253\u626e\u6210\u5973\u4eba\u5bfb\u6c42\u523a\u6fc0\uff0c\u4e8b\u60c5\u672c\u4e0d\u8be5\u53d1\u5c55\u5230\u90a3\u4e00\u6b65\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u6bc1\u706d\u6027\u7684\u3002\u6211\u662f\u4e2a\u88ab\u56f0\u5728\u5973\u4eba\u8eab\u4f53\u4e2d\u7684\u7537\u4eba\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u6446\u8131\u300d(ibid.)\u3002\u8bfa\u987f\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u548c\u827e\u4f26\u00b7\u82ac\u5947\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5728\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u5728\u7ebf\u793e\u7fa4\u4e2d\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u83b7\u5f97\u4efb\u4f55\u540c\u60c5\u3002\u300cSamantha Cool Beans\u300d\u5728\u7f51\u7ad9Angels: Supporting the TG Community\u4e0a\u8ba8\u8bba\u4ed6\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u65f6\u8bc4\u8bba\u9053\uff1a\u300c\u6bcf\u51fa\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fd9\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u4eba\/\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u90fd\u4f1a\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u6210\u5343\u4e0a\u4e07\u4eba\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u50cf\u4e0d\u53ef\u7406\u55bb\u7684\u75af\u5b50\uff01\u300d (Angelsforum,2012)\u3002\u5728\u4f17\u591a\u6279\u8bc4\u6027\u5e16\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c1a\u7279\u5c14\u5728 Susan&#8217;s.org \u7f51\u7ad9\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e2d\u8bc4\u8bba\u9053\uff1a\u300c\u771f\u662f\u4e2a\u611a\u8822\u7684\u767d\u75f4\uff01\u300d(Susan\u2019s.org,2012)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u540e\u6094\u8005\u7684\u6295\u8bc9\u4fc3\u4f7f\u82f1\u56fd\u548c\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u5bf9\u53c2\u4e0e\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u4ea7\u4e1a\u7684\u8bca\u6240\u548c\u533b\u52a1\u4eba\u5458\u5c55\u5f00\u8c03\u67e5\u3002\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\uff0c\u8c03\u67e5\u7126\u70b9\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u4ea7\u4e1a\u4e2d\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u79d1\u533b\u751f\u62c9\u585e\u5c14\u00b7\u91cc\u5fb7\u535a\u58eb\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u63a5\u7ba1\u91cc\u5fb7\u79c1\u4eba\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u8bca\u6240\u7684\u5973\u6027\u8eab\u4f53\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8005\u7406\u67e5\u5fb7\u00b7\u67ef\u8482\u65af\u533b\u751f\u3002\u5728\u516c\u7acb\u67e5\u6797\u5341\u5b57\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u8ba4\u540c\u8bca\u6240\u7684\u56db\u540d\u533b\u751f\u4ee3\u8868\u60a3\u8005\u6295\u8bc9\u540e\uff0c\u91cc\u5fb7\u6210\u4e3a\u82f1\u56fd\u533b\u5b66\u603b\u4f1a(GMC)\u7684\u8c03\u67e5\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u60a3\u8005\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u66fe\u88ab\u4ed3\u4fc3\u5730\u63a8\u8fdb\u8377\u5c14\u8499\u548c\u624b\u672f\u6cbb\u7597\uff0c\u8fd9\u8fdd\u80cc\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\u6307\u5357\uff0c\u5373\u300a\u54c8\u91cc\u00b7\u672c\u96c5\u660e\u62a4\u7406\u6807\u51c6\u300b(Batty,2007a)\u3002\u8be5\u6807\u51c6\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u60a3\u8005\u4e0d\u5f97\u5728\u5c31\u8bca\u540e\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u6708\u5185\u5f00\u59cb\u670d\u7528\u8377\u5c14\u8499\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u9664\u975e\u4ed6\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b8c\u6210\u300c\u771f\u5b9e\u751f\u6d3b\u6d4b\u8bd5\u300d\uff0c\u5373\u4ee5\u5973\u6027\u8eab\u4efd\u751f\u6d3b\u5341\u4e8c\u4e2a\u6708\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4e0d\u5e94\u8fdb\u884c\u624b\u672f\u3002\u91cc\u5fb7\u533b\u751f\u56e0\u53c2\u4e0e2000\u5e74\u300a\u5730\u5e73\u7ebf(Horizon)\u300b\u4e00\u9879\u5173\u6ce8\u622a\u80a2\u8ba4\u540c\u969c\u788d\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u8c03\u67e5\u800c\u58f0\u540d\u72fc\u85c9\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u66f4\u5e38\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u8eab\u4f53\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u8ba4\u540c\u969c\u788d(BIID)(Horizon,2000)\u3002\u8c03\u67e5\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u91cc\u5fb7\u66fe\u5c06\u4e24\u540d\u7537\u5b50\u8f6c\u4ecb\u7ed9\u82cf\u683c\u5170\u4e00\u5bb6\u533b\u9662\u7684\u5916\u79d1\u533b\u751f\u7f57\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u53f2\u5bc6\u65af\uff0c\u6765\u5207\u9664\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u518d\u9700\u8981\u7684\u3001\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u817f\u90e8\u3002\u91cc\u5fb7\u89e3\u91ca\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8eab\u4f53\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u8ba4\u540c\u969c\u788d\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u8ba4\u540c\u969c\u788d\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u4e8c\u8005\u90fd\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u624b\u672f\u79fb\u9664\u4ee4\u60a3\u8005\u611f\u5230\u75db\u82e6\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u90e8\u4f4d\u6765\u6709\u6548\u6cbb\u7597\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2007\u5e74\u7684\u6848\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u533b\u5b66\u603b\u4f1a(GMC)\u88c1\u5b9a\u91cc\u5fb7\u72af\u6709\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u804c\u4e1a\u4e0d\u5f53\u884c\u4e3a(Batty,2007b)\u3002\u5728\u8c03\u67e5\u5c0f\u7ec4\u9762\u524d\u4f5c\u8bc1\u7684\u4e24\u540d\u60a3\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u88ab\u8bef\u8bca\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u540d\u5973\u6027\u56e0\u60a3\u6709\u8e81\u90c1\u75c7\u800c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8005\uff0c\u9669\u4e9b\u63a5\u53d7\u53cc\u4fa7\u4e73\u623f\u5207\u9664\u624b\u672f\u3002\u5979\u4f5c\u8bc1\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u8e81\u90c1\u75c7\u53d1\u4f5c\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u5979\u66fe\u76f8\u4fe1\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u8036\u7a23\uff0c\u5e76\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6539\u53d8\u751f\u7406\u6027\u522b\u4f1a\u5e2e\u5979\u6210\u4e3a\u8036\u7a23(Batty,2007b)\u3002\u5728\u5979\u63a5\u53d7\u8e81\u90c1\u75c7\u6cbb\u7597\u540e\uff0c\u5979\u4e0d\u518d\u6709\u6539\u53d8\u751f\u7406\u6027\u522b\u7684\u6b32\u671b\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u4f4d\u4f5c\u8bc1\u7684\u60a3\u8005\u662f\u540d\u5df2\u88ab\u5b9a\u7f6a\u7684\u604b\u7ae5\u7656\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u6539\u53d8\u751f\u7406\u6027\u522b\u7684\u624b\u672f\uff0c\u4f46\u5e0c\u671b\u901a\u8fc7\u624b\u672f\u91cd\u65b0\u4ee5\u7537\u6027\u8eab\u4efd\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u5269\u4e0b\u7684\u4e09\u540d\u60a3\u8005\u4fdd\u7559\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u91cd\u7f6e\u540e\u7684\u751f\u7406\u6027\u522b\uff0c\u4f46\u90fd\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6ca1\u6709\u4ece\u91cc\u5fb7\u90a3\u91cc\u5f97\u5230\u8db3\u591f\u4e14\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u62a4\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u62c9\u585e\u5c14\u00b7\u91cc\u5fb7\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u8bca\u6240\u88ab\u5973\u6027\u8eab\u4f53\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8005\u7406\u67e5\u5fb7\u00b7\u67ef\u8482\u65af\u533b\u751f\u63a5\u7ba1\u3002\u548c\u91cc\u5fb7\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u67ef\u8482\u65af\u57282013\u5e74\u56e0\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0d\u5f53\u63a5\u53d7\u8c03\u67e5\u30022005\u5e74\u7684\u4e00\u5219\u65b0\u95fb\u62a5\u9053\u79f0\uff0c\u67ef\u8482\u65af\u662f\u82f1\u56fd\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u6210\u4e3a\u5168\u79d1\u533b\u751f\u7684\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8005(Day,2005)\u3002\u67ef\u8482\u65af\u5728\u6210\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u5728\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u51e0\u6bb5\u548c\u7537\u6027\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u540e\uff0c\u6700\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