{"id":427,"date":"2025-12-08T17:57:59","date_gmt":"2025-12-08T09:57:59","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/43.154.128.27\/?p=427"},"modified":"2025-12-19T21:30:34","modified_gmt":"2025-12-19T13:30:34","slug":"%e3%80%8a%e6%80%a7%e5%88%ab%e4%b9%8b%e7%97%9b%e3%80%8b%e7%ac%ac%e4%b8%89%e7%ab%a0%ef%bc%9a%e7%bb%8f%e5%8e%86%e8%b7%a8%e6%80%a7%e5%88%ab-%e7%9c%9f%e5%ae%9e%e4%bc%a4%e5%ae%b31-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/43.154.128.27\/index.php\/2025\/12\/08\/%e3%80%8a%e6%80%a7%e5%88%ab%e4%b9%8b%e7%97%9b%e3%80%8b%e7%ac%ac%e4%b8%89%e7%ab%a0%ef%bc%9a%e7%bb%8f%e5%8e%86%e8%b7%a8%e6%80%a7%e5%88%ab-%e7%9c%9f%e5%ae%9e%e4%bc%a4%e5%ae%b31-2\/","title":{"rendered":"\u300a\u6027\u522b\u4e4b\u75db\u300b|\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0\uff1a\u7ecf\u5386\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u2014\u2014\u771f\u5b9e\u4f24\u5bb3(1\/2)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div style=\"height:70px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-text-color has-link-color has-small-font-size wp-elements-15cf806e3361d2165bf884f2ab59fa2a\" style=\"color:#4a4e50\">\u672c\u6587\u5171\u8ba1 8108 \u5b57\uff0c\u9884\u8ba1\u9700\u8981 21 \u5206\u949f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:70px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><em><strong>\u4e0e\u6d1b\u7433\u00b7\u6208\u7279\u6c99\u5c14\u514b\u5171\u540c\u64b0\u5199<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u672c\u7ae0\u5c06\u63a2\u8ba8\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u5b9e\u8df5\u5bf9\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8005\u81ea\u8eab\u5065\u5eb7\u548c\u673a\u80fd\u7684\u6709\u5bb3\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u7814\u7a76\u6587\u732e\u901a\u5e38\u5145\u6ee1\u8d5e\u7f8e\u4e4b\u8f9e\uff0c\u5e76\u672a\u6d89\u53ca\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u4e2a\u4f53\u56e0\u533b\u7597\u6cbb\u7597\u53d7\u5230\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u635f\u5bb3\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5b83\u8fd8\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u65e5\u76ca\u666e\u904d\u7684\u300c\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u540e\u6094\u300d\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5373\u90a3\u4e9b\u63a5\u53d7\u6cbb\u7597\u7684\u5e78\u5b58\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u88ab\u8bef\u8bca\uff0c\u5e76\u5e0c\u671b\u8fdb\u884c\u91cd\u5efa\u624b\u672f\u6765\u4fee\u590d\u624b\u672f\u9020\u6210\u7684\u635f\u4f24\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5973\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u5b66\u8005\u5df2\u7ecf\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u5176\u4ed6\u8377\u5c14\u8499\u6cbb\u7597\u548c\u6574\u5bb9\u624b\u672f\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u6709\u5bb3\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u65bd\u52a0\u8fd9\u7c7b\u4f24\u5bb3\u7684\u533b\u7597\u4ea7\u4e1a\u63d0\u51fa\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6279\u5224(Haiken,1997;Sullivan,Deborah A.,2001)\uff0c\u4f46\u9664\u4e86\u96f7\u8499\u5fb7\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u5f00\u5c71\u4e4b\u4f5c\u5916\uff0c\u5b66\u754c\u672a\u5bf9\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u6cbb\u7597\u8fdb\u884c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u6279\u5224(Raymond,1979\/1994)\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u8bb8\u591a\u624b\u672f\u548c\u6cbb\u7597\u548c\u5bf9\u5973\u6027\u6709\u5bb3\u7684\u624b\u672f\u548c\u6cbb\u7597\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u957f\u671f\u8377\u5c14\u8499\u6cbb\u7597\u4ee5\u907f\u5b55\u836f\u6216\u690d\u5165\u5242\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u7528\u4e8e\u5973\u6027\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ee5\u8377\u5c14\u8499\u66ff\u4ee3\u7597\u6cd5(HRT)\u7684\u540d\u4e49\u7528\u4e8e\u7edd\u7ecf\u540e\u5973\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u540c\u6837\u7684\u672f\u8bed\u4e5f\u88ab\u7528\u5728\u5973\u6027\u548c\u7537\u6027\u8eab\u4f53\u7684\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8005\u91c7\u7eb3\u7684\u7c7b\u4f3c\u836f\u7269\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u3002\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e3a\u4f7f\u5973\u6027\u80fd\u591f\u626e\u6f14\u5973\u6027\u7279\u8d28\u89d2\u8272\u800c\u63d0\u4f9b\u6574\u5bb9\u6cbb\u7597\u7684\u533b\u751f\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u4e3a\u6e34\u671b\u626e\u6f14\u7c7b\u4f3c\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u7537\u6027\u63d0\u4f9b\u9686\u80f8\u548c\u9762\u90e8\u6574\u5bb9\u624b\u672f\u3002\u4f46\u5973\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u5bf9\u6574\u5bb9\u624b\u672f\u7684\u6279\u5224\u5c1a\u672a\u5ef6\u4f38\u81f3\u5bf9\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u7c7b\u4f3c\u6cbb\u7597\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ae0\u5c06\u8bd5\u56fe\u5f25\u5408\u8fd9\u4e00\u5272\u88c2\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u6279\u5224\u8a79\u5c3c\u65af\u00b7\u96f7\u8499\u5fb7\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a<em>\u53d8\u6027\u5e1d\u56fd<\/em>(1979\/1994)\u5bf9\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u8eab\u4f53\u9020\u6210\u7684\u4f24\u5bb3\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5e1d\u56fd\u5305\u62ec\u90a3\u4e9b\u4f9d\u8d56\u5bf9\u7537\u6027\u3001\u5973\u6027\u548c\u513f\u7ae5\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u5316\u6765\u652b\u53d6\u5229\u6da6\u7684\u533b\u7597\u4e13\u4e1a\u4eba\u5458\u548c\u5236\u836f\u516c\u53f8\u3002\u5728\u4e8c\u5341\u4e00\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\uff0c\u4ece\u7f8e\u56fd\u5c0f\u9547\u5230\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u751f\u7406\u6027\u522b\u91cd\u7f6e\u624b\u672f(SRS)\u5728\u5168\u7403\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u666e\u53ca\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u6cf0\u56fd\u533b\u7597\u65c5\u6e38\u4e1a\u548c\u79d1\u7f57\u62c9\u591a\u5dde\u7279\u91cc\u5c3c\u8fbe\u5c0f\u9547\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6765\u6e90\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206(Bucar and Enke,2011)\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u56de\u907f\u6b64\u7c7b\u8bdd\u9898\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u6587\u96c6\u300a\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u5973\u6743\u89c6\u89d2(Transgender Feminist Perspectives)\u300b(Enke(ed.),2012) \u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u7ae0\uff0c\u5b83\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u628a\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u5b9e\u8df5\u7eb3\u5165\u653f\u6cbb\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7406\u8bba\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u5e76\u53d6\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u526f\u6807\u9898\u300c\u5173\u4e8e\u6279\u5224\u6027\u653f\u6cbb\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u548c\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u7814\u7a76\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u6ce8\u91ca\u300d(Irving,2012)\u3002\u6211\u5bf9\u6b64\u611f\u5230\u597d\u5947\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e3a\u8fd9\u7c7b\u68d8\u624b\u95ee\u9898\u7ec8\u4e8e\u5f97\u5230\u63a2\u8ba8\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8be5\u7ae0\u8282\u5b9e\u9645\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u662f\u8c01\u80fd\u8d1f\u62c5\u5f97\u8d77\u8fd9\u7c7b\u6cbb\u7597\uff0c\u5374\u6ca1\u63d0\u53ca\u4e3a\u624b\u672f\u610f\u5411\u4eba\u7fa4\u63d0\u4f9b\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u533b\u7597\u65c5\u6e38\u4e1a\uff0c\u4e5f\u672a\u6307\u660e\u8c01\u5728\u83b7\u5229\uff0c\u5373\u533b\u836f\u516c\u53f8\u3001\u533b\u9662\u548c\u5916\u79d1\u533b\u751f\u3001\u7cbe\u795e\u79d1\u533b\u751f\u548c\u6cbb\u7597\u5e08\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8981\u7d20\u662f\u5973\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u5e76\u975e\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u672c\u7ae0\u4f1a\u9610\u8ff0\u7537\u6027\u8eab\u4f53\u548c\u5973\u6027\u8eab\u4f53\u7684\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8005\u7684\u6cbb\u7597\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5e76\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u540e\u679c\u548c\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u672c\u7ae0\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u6765\u81ea\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u652f\u6301\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u7f51\u9875\u3001\u533b\u5b66\u6587\u732e\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u4e00\u4f4d\u7537\u6027\u548c\u4e00\u4f4d\u5973\u6027\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u540e\u6094\u8005\u7684\u8bbf\u8c08\uff0c\u6765\u4e86\u89e3\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8005\u8eab\u5fc3\u5065\u5eb7\u53d7\u5230\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:70px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.1\u751f\u7406\u6027\u522b\u91cd\u7f6e\u624b\u672f\u7684\u7597\u6548\u2014\u2014\u533b\u5b66\u4e0a\u7684\u5206\u6b67<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\uff0c\u5bf9\u88ab\u8ba4\u5b9a\u4e3a\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8005\/\u53d8\u6027\u8005\u6cbb\u7597\u7684\u7597\u6548\u8fdc\u672a\u8fbe\u6210\u666e\u904d\u5171\u8bc6\u3002\u300c\u7597\u6548(efficacy)\u300d\u4e00\u8bcd\u5728\u6709\u5173\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u5b9e\u8df5\u7684\u533b\u5b66\u6587\u732e\u4e2d\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u7f3a\u4e4f\u660e\u786e\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002\u5728\u672c\u7ae0\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u5c06\u6cbb\u7597\u7684\u300c\u7597\u6548\u300d\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u5728\u4e0d\u635f\u5bb3\u8eab\u4f53\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u60a3\u8005\u7cbe\u795e\u5065\u5eb7\u5f97\u5230\u6539\u5584\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u81ea\u4e0a\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e94\u516d\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e00\u4e9b\u5185\u5206\u6ccc\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u5982\u54c8\u91cc\u00b7\u672c\u6770\u660e\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u4f7f\u9488\u5bf9\u53d8\u6027\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u6539\u9020\u6cbb\u7597\u5408\u6cd5\u5316\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u59cb\u7ec8\u6709\u533b\u751f\u548c\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e0d\u8d5e\u6210\u7528\u751f\u7406\u7597\u6cd5\u6cbb\u7597\u5fc3\u7406\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u65e9\u57281979\u5e74\u521d\uff0c\u743c\u00b7\u8fc8\u8036\u535a\u58eb\u5c31\u5bf9\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u970d\u666e\u91d1\u65af\u5927\u5b66\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u8ba4\u540c\u8bca\u6240\u7684\u6cbb\u7597\u6210\u529f\u7387\u8fdb\u884c\u8bc4\u4f30\uff0c\u5e76\u5f97\u51fa\u751f\u7406\u7597\u6cd5\u65e0\u6548\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba(Meyer and Reter,1979)\u3002\u4ed6\u4e0d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u73b0\u8c61\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5e94\u5f53\u901a\u8fc7\u624b\u672f\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u5148\u5929\u6027\u75be\u75c5\uff0c\u76f8\u53cd\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8981\u6c42\u6539\u53d8\u751f\u7406\u6027\u522b\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u300c\u6709\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u300d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4ed6\u5e0c\u671b\u300e\u6682\u7f13\u751f\u7406\u6027\u522b\u91cd\u7f6e\u624b\u672f\u300c\u5e38\u6001\u5316\u300d\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5ba2\u89c2\u8003\u5bdf\u624b\u672f\u7684\u957f\u671f\u6548\u679c\u300f(Meyer and Reter,1979:1010)\u3002\u8fc8\u8036\u548c\u745e\u7279\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86\u5c11\u91cf\u5148\u524d\u5bf9\u6cbb\u7597\u6709\u6548\u6027\u7684\u8bc4\u4f30\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bc4\u4f30\u7ed3\u679c\u65e0\u4e00\u652f\u6301\u5f53\u4e0b\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u6d3b\u52a8\u4eba\u58eb\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u538b\u5012\u6027\u79ef\u6781\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u8fc8\u8036\u5728\u5bf9\u4e94\u5341\u4eba\u8fdb\u884c\u8bc4\u4f30\u540e\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u8981\u6c42\u5e76\u83b7\u5f97\u624b\u672f\u548c\u624b\u672f\u8981\u6c42\u88ab\u62d2\u7684\u4eba\u7fa4\u8fdb\u884c\u5bf9\u6bd4\uff0c\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u662f\uff1a\u300c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u751f\u7406\u6027\u522b\u91cd\u7f6e\u624b\u672f\u5728\u4e3b\u89c2\u4e0a\u4ee4\u4eba\u6ee1\u610f\uff0c\u4f46\u5c31\u793e\u4f1a\u5eb7\u590d\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5b83\u5e76\u672a\u5e26\u6765\u4efb\u4f55\u5ba2\u89c2\u4f18\u52bf\u300d(Meyer and Reter,1979:1015)\u3002\u8fc8\u8036\u5bf9\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u6cbb\u7597\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u5305\u542b\u4efb\u4f55\u5973\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u89c6\u89d2\u3002\u548c\u4ed6\u90a3\u4e2a\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4ed6\u70ed\u8877\u4e8e\u5c06\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u95ee\u9898\u5f52\u548e\u4e8e\u5973\u6027\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u6bcd\u4eb2\u3002\u4ed6\u5c06\u5973\u4eba\u548c\u5973\u5b69\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u8ba4\u540c\u969c\u788d\u5f52\u56e0\u4e8e\u300c\u6709\u663e\u8457\u7684\u4eba\u683c\u75c5\u6001\u300d\uff0c\u6709\u300c\u9634\u830e\u5ac9\u5992\u300d\u548c\u300e\u5bf9\u5973\u6027\u300c\u547d\u8fd0\u300d(\u7eb3\u5165\u5f0f\u6027\u884c\u4e3a\u3001\u6708\u7ecf\u3001\u598a\u5a20)\u4e0d\u516c\u5e73\u611f\u300f\u7684\u6bcd\u4eb2 (Meyer,1982:410)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4fdd\u7f57\u00b7\u9ea6\u514b\u4f11\u4e8e\u4e0a\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e03\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u6210\u4e3a\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u970d\u666e\u91d1\u65af\u5927\u5b66\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u5b66\u4e3b\u4efb\u540e\uff0c\u770b\u5230\u624b\u672f\u7f3a\u4e4f\u7597\u6548\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u4ed6\u8868\u793a\uff1a\u300c\u970d\u666e\u91d1\u65af\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u662f\u5728\u914d\u5408\u4e00\u79cd\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u3002\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u533b\u751f\u6700\u597d\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u4fee\u590d\u60a3\u8005\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u751f\u6b96\u5668\u300d(McHugh,2004)\u3002\u9ea6\u514b\u4f11\u4e8e1979\u5e74\u53eb\u505c\u4e86\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u970d\u666e\u91d1\u65af\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u751f\u7406\u6027\u522b\u91cd\u7f6e\u624b\u672f\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u5927\u5b66\u8bca\u6240\u4e5f\u7eb7\u7eb7\u6548\u4eff\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6279\u5224\u4e00\u76f4\u5ef6\u7eed\u81f3\u4eca\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u8be5\u5b9e\u8df5\u7684\u5e38\u6001\u5316\u548c\u300c\u53d8\u6027\u5e1d\u56fd\u300d\u7684\u8fc5\u901f\u6269\u5f20\uff0c\u5176\u58f0\u97f3\u5df2\u5927\u5927\u51cf\u5f31\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u5b66\u5bb6\u963f\u5179\u00b7\u54c8\u57fa\u59c6\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u9879\u6709\u529b\u7684\u5f53\u4ee3\u6279\u5224\uff0c\u4ed6\u4f9b\u804c\u4e8e\u4f26\u6566\u7684\u6ce2\u7279\u66fc\u8bca\u6240\uff0c\u4e13\u95e8\u4ece\u4e8b\u5bf9\u5bfb\u6c42\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u548c\u5df2\u7ecf\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u4f46\u4ecd\u9971\u53d7\u56f0\u6270\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u6cbb\u7597\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u7bc7\u6070\u5982\u5176\u5206\u5730\u9898\u4e3a\u300a\u53d8\u6027\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u300c\u7687\u5e1d\u7684\u65b0\u8863\u300d\u7684\u6848\u4f8b(Trans-sexuality: a case of \u201cThe Emperor\u2019s New Clothes\u201d)\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u7684\u67d0\u7ae0\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u79f0\u5bfb\u6c42\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u5316\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u8ba4\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u771f\u7684\u5c5e\u4e8e\u53e6\u4e00\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u6216\u751f\u7406\u6027\u522b\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u300c\u538b\u5012\u6027\u7684\u865a\u5047\u4fe1\u5ff5\u300d\u548c\u300c\u5984\u60f3\u6027\u969c\u788d\u300d(Hakeem,2007:184)\u3002\u4ed6\u540c\u6837\u6279\u8bc4\u4e86\u628a\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u73b0\u8c61\u5f53\u4f5c\u4e00\u79cd\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u4f53\u5185\u3001\u4e14\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u8377\u5c14\u8499\u548c\u624b\u672f\u6cbb\u6108\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u75c7\u72b6\uff0c\u5e76\u8bc4\u8bba\u9053\uff0c\u300c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8bd5\u56fe\u7528\u5916\u90e8\u624b\u672f\u65b9\u6848\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u60a3\u8005\u5185\u5728\u5fc3\u7406\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5f88\u5947\u602a\u300d(Hakeem,2007:183)\u3002\u4ed6\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u300c\u53d7\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u7406\u8bba\u6307\u5bfc\u7684\u300d\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u5b66\u5bb6\u6700\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u6279\u5224\u8fd9\u79cd\u5b9e\u8df5\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4f4d\u6279\u8bc4\u8005\u662f\u6cd5\u56fd\u5973\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u5bb6\u79d1\u83b1\u7279\u00b7\u5e0c\u5170(Chiland,2004)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u4ea7\u4e1a\u89c4\u6a21\u5927\u5e45\u6269\u5f20\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u7136\u663e\u8457\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5bf9\u63a5\u53d7\u751f\u7406\u6027\u522b\u91cd\u7f6e\u624b\u672f\u7684\u60a3\u8005\u7684\u8fd1\u671f\u968f\u8bbf\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4ee5\u8bc4\u4f30\u8be5\u6cbb\u7597\u662f\u5426\u6709\u6548\u30022011\u5e74\u745e\u5178\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u957f\u671f\u968f\u8bbf\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u751f\u7406\u6027\u522b\u91cd\u7f6e\u624b\u672f\u6ca1\u6709\u7597\u6548\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u751f\u7406\u6027\u522b\u91cd\u7f6e\u624b\u672f\u540e\uff0c\u6bd4\u8d77\u5bf9\u7167\u7ec4\uff0c\u5373\u76f8\u540c\u51fa\u751f\u751f\u7406\u6027\u522b\u8005\u7684\u666e\u901a\u4eba\uff0c\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8005\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u75be\u75c5\u53d1\u75c5\u7387\u3001\u81ea\u6740\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u6b7b\u4ea1\u98ce\u9669\u66f4\u9ad8\u3002\u8be5\u7814\u7a76\u5f97\u51fa\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u300c\u751f\u7406\u6027\u522b\u91cd\u7f6e\u624b\u672f\u300d\u6216\u80fd\u7f13\u89e3\u60a3\u8005\u7684\u300c\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u7126\u8651\u300d\uff0c\u4f46\u300c\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u75c7\u72b6\u7684\u6cbb\u7597\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5e94\u6566\u4fc3\u6539\u8fdb\u751f\u7406\u6027\u522b\u91cd\u7f6e\u624b\u672f\u540e\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u548c\u8eaf\u4f53\u62a4\u7406\u300d(Dhejne <em>et al.<\/em>,2011)\u3002\u533b\u7597\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u6279\u5224\u610f\u89c1\uff0c\u548c\u5c11\u6570\u957f\u671f\u8bc4\u4f30\u6240\u63ed\u9732\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u672a\u80fd\u6210\u529f\u6291\u5236\u533b\u7597\u4e13\u4e1a\u548c\u5236\u836f\u516c\u53f8\u5bf9\u8fd9\u79cd\u65f6\u9ae6\u4e14\u6709\u5229\u53ef\u56fe\u7684\u300c\u75be\u75c5\u300d\u7684\u70ed\u60c5\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u516c\u5171\u536b\u751f\u670d\u52a1\u673a\u6784\u2014\u2014\u56fd\u5bb6\u533b\u7597\u670d\u52a1\u4f53\u7cfb(NHS)\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8ba4\u53ef\u5bf9\u6210\u5e74\u4eba\u91c7\u7528\u8fd9\u7c7b\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c\u66f4\u5c06\u5176\u63a8\u5e7f\u5230\u513f\u7ae5\u4e2d\u53bb(Department of Health,2008)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:70px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.2\u8bc6\u522b\u300c\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u300d\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8005<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5065\u5eb7\u4e13\u4e1a\u4eba\u58eb\u8bd5\u56fe\u8bc6\u522b\u90a3\u4e9b\u60a3\u6709\u300c\u771f\u6b63\u300d\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u8ba4\u540c\u969c\u788d\uff0c\u6216\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u7126\u8651\u7684\u4eba(2013\u5e74\u7248\u300a\u8bca\u65ad\u4e0e\u7edf\u8ba1\u624b\u518c\u300b\u66f4\u540d\u6240\u793a)\uff0c\u5e76\u5ba3\u79f0\u5176\u672c\u8d28\u5c5e\u6027\u662f\u6cbb\u7597\u5b83\u7684\u6b63\u5f53\u7406\u7531\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u4e3b\u4e49\u6b63\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e5\u76ca\u6a21\u7cca\u4e14\u96be\u4ee5\u754c\u5b9a\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u6d3b\u52a8\u5bb6\u81ea\u5df1\u4e5f\u5bf9\u5b83\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u79cd\u969c\u788d\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u63d0\u51fa\u8d28\u7591\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8377\u5c14\u8499\u548c\u624b\u672f\u5e94\u5f53\u662f\u81ea\u4e3b\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u3001\u8eab\u4f53\u5851\u9020\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u6709\u6743\u901a\u8fc7\u516c\u5171\u8d22\u653f\u83b7\u53d6\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5f53\u4e0b\u8bb8\u591a\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8005\u5e76\u672a\u52aa\u529b\u652f\u6301\u4ed6\u4eec\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u5f02\u6027\u6210\u5458\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u514b\u91cc\u65af\u6ed5\u00b7\u5e0c\u5c14\u7279\u5bf9\u5973\u6027\u8eab\u4f53\u7684\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8005\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u5979\u53d1\u73b0\u4e00\u4e9b\u53d7\u8bbf\u8005\u5e76\u4e0d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u7537\u4eba\u6216\u7537\u6027(Schilt,2006)\u3002\u5979\u4eec\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u63a5\u53d7\u300c\u4e0a\u8eab\u300d\u624b\u672f\u3001\u6216\u9009\u62e9\u670d\u7528\u8377\u5c14\u8499\u7684\u5973\u6027\u3002\u5973\u6027\u8eab\u4f53\u7684\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8005\uff0c\u73cd\u00b7\u9c8d\u6bd4\u00b7\u8bfa\u5e03\u5c14\u79f0\uff0c\u7537\u6027\u5316\u7684\u5973\u540c\u6027\u604b\u548c\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u754c\u7ebf\u65e9\u5df2\u6a21\u7cca\u4e0d\u6e05\uff0c\u5979\u5f62\u5bb9\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u51b3\u5b9a\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u524d\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u5973\u540c\u6027\u604b\u8005\u548c\u5973\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u7684\u5973\u4eba\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u300c\u534a\u4e2a\u5973\u540c\u6027\u604b\u7684\u7537\u4eba\u300d(Noble,2012:29)\u3002\u5979\u8bf4\u81ea\u5df1\u4e0d\u518d\u300e\u5728\u300c\u5973\u540c\u6027\u604b\u300d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u4e2d\u627e\u5bfb\u5f52\u5c5e\u611f\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u6211\u7684\u7ea6\u4f1a\u8303\u56f4\u300f(Noble,2012:21)\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u8457\u540d\u7537\u6027\u8eab\u4f53\u7684\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u6d3b\u52a8\u4eba\u58eb\uff0c\u745e\u57fa\u00b7\u5a01\u5c14\u94a6\u65af\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u5c06\u81ea\u5df1\u5f62\u5bb9\u4e3a\u300c\u7537\u8de8\u5973\u518d\u8de8\u7537\u7684\u53d8\u6027\u8005(male-to-female-to-male transsexual)\u300d \uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5df2\u653e\u5f03\u4efb\u4f55\u770b\u4e0a\u53bb\u300c\u6709\u5973\u6027\u7279\u8d28\u300d\u7684\u5c1d\u8bd5\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4ed6\u4ecd\u7136\u4f7f\u7528\u5973\u5395\u6240(Wilchins,2013)\u3002\u5a01\u5c14\u94a6\u65af\u662f\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u6d3b\u52a8\u56e2\u4f53 Transsexual Menace(\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u5a01\u80c1)\u3001\u5021\u5bfc\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u6743\u76ca\u7684\u5ba3\u4f20\u56e2\u4f53 GenderPAC\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u56f4\u653b\u5bc6\u6b47\u6839\u5973\u6027\u97f3\u4e50\u8282\u7684\u6297\u8bae\u8425\u5730 CampTrans \u7684\u521b\u59cb\u4eba\u3002\u6b63\u662f\u5728\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u5b9e\u8df5\u7684\u6709\u5bb3\u5f71\u54cd\u88ab\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u62ab\u9732\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5bf9\u8c01\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8005\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u53d8\u5f97\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u6a21\u7cca\u548c\u6beb\u65e0\u5b9e\u8d28\u6027\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u5b58\u5728\u6240\u8c13\u300c\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u300d\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u5b9e\u4f53\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u96be\u7ad9\u5f97\u4f4f\u811a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8bc6\u522b\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8005\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u56e0\u90e8\u5206\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u6743\u76ca\u8fd0\u52a8\u63a8\u52a8\u8005\u8bd5\u56fe\u63a8\u7ffb\u6e34\u671b\u8f6c\u53d8\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u300c\u7cbe\u795e\u969c\u788d\u300d\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u800c\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u6df7\u4e71\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u6d3b\u52a8\u4eba\u58eb\u4e89\u8fa9\u8bf4\uff0c\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u4e3b\u4e49\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u5883\u51b5\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u5bfb\u5e38\u8868\u8fbe\uff0c\u7406\u5e94\u50cf\u5176\u4ed6\u65e8\u5728\u5851\u9020\u7406\u60f3\u5916\u89c2\u7684\u6574\u5f62\u624b\u672f\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u5f97\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u745e\u57fa\u00b7\u5a01\u5c14\u94a6\u65af\u662f\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c2\u70b9\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u7684\u5021\u5bfc\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0d\u5e94\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u7cbe\u795e\u969c\u788d\uff0c\u800c\u751f\u7406\u6027\u522b\u91cd\u7f6e\u624b\u672f\u5219\u7c7b\u4f3c\u5973\u6027\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u5404\u7c7b\u6574\u5bb9\u624b\u672f\u3002\u4ed6\u62b1\u6028\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u6bcd\u4eb2\u300e\u660e\u5929\u5c31\u80fd\u8fdb\u533b\u9662\u505a\u5c0f\u817f\u548c\u4e0b\u5df4\u586b\u5145\u3001\u5272\u53cc\u773c\u76ae\u3001\u63d0\u81c0\u3001\u8179\u90e8\u6574\u5f62\uff0c\u80f6\u539f\u6ce8\u5c04\u4e30\u5507\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5927\u817f\u5438\u8102\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u53bb\u540c\u4e00\u5bb6\u533b\u9662\u505a\u300c\u4e0b\u4f53\u624b\u672f\u300d\u5374\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u60a3\u6709\u7cbe\u795e\u969c\u788d\u300f(Drescher,2002:79)\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4e00\u4e9b\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u6d3b\u52a8\u4eba\u58eb\u575a\u51b3\u63a8\u7ffb\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u4e3b\u4e49\u662f\u7cbe\u795e\u5065\u5eb7\u4e0d\u4f73\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u8bc1\u636e\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8005\u5728\u8f6c\u53d8\u524d\u540e\u901a\u5e38\u90fd\u4f1a\u7ecf\u5386\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u5065\u5eb7\u95ee\u9898\u56f0\u6270\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:70px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.3\u5fc3\u7406\u4f24\u5bb3<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u652f\u6301\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u6cbb\u7597\u6709\u6548\u6027\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u8bba\u70b9\u662f\u5b83\u80fd\u6539\u5584\u7cbe\u795e\u5065\u5eb7\uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u8bc1\u636e\u8868\u660e\u60c5\u51b5\u5e76\u975e\u5fc5\u7136\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u4e34\u5e8a\u6587\u732e\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u6e34\u671b\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u7684\u4eba\u5b58\u5728\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u5065\u5eb7\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u524d\u6765\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u8bca\u6240\u5c31\u8bca\u7684\u60a3\u8005\u300c\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u8fdc\u9ad8\u4e8e\u666e\u901a\u4eba\u7fa4\u7684\u7126\u8651\u548c\u6291\u90c1\u6c34\u5e73\u300d(Nuttbrock <em>et al.<\/em>,2010:13)\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u73b0\u8c61\u5e38\u6001\u5316\u5df2\u7136\u6210\u4e3a\u73b0\u5b9e\uff0c\u6cbb\u7597\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8005\u7684\u533b\u7597\u4e13\u4e1a\u4eba\u58eb\u4e0d\u613f\u610f\u5c06\u6e34\u671b\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u89c6\u4e3a\u7cbe\u795e\u75db\u82e6\u7684\u75c7\u72b6\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u4e0e\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u76f8\u5951\u5408\uff0c\u5373\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u6e34\u671b\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u79cd\u7406\u6027\u4e14\u5408\u7406\u7684\u5fd7\u5411\uff0c\u4e0d\u5e94\u7531\u533b\u7597\u5b88\u95e8\u4eba\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u300c\u5c11\u6570\u7fa4\u4f53\u538b\u529b\u300d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8005\u7ecf\u5386\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u56f0\u6270\u3002\u300c\u5c11\u6570\u7fa4\u4f53\u538b\u529b\u300d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9488\u5bf9\u7537\u540c\u6027\u604b\u7fa4\u4f53\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u6307\u4ed6\u4eec\u56e0\u5176\u5c11\u6570\u7fa4\u4f53\u5730\u4f4d\u800c\u7ecf\u5386\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u56f0\u6270(Meyer,1995)\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u4f53\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u5728\u5927\u91cf\u4e34\u5e8a\u6587\u732e\u4e2d\u65e0\u5904\u4e0d\u5728\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8005\u5728\u7ae5\u5e74\u65f6\u671f\u4e0d\u5feb\u4e50\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4eba\u4eec\u5c31\u4f1a\u5047\u5b9a\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u90a3\u65f6\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u662f\u300c\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u300d\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8005\u3002\u7cbe\u795e\u5065\u5eb7\u4e13\u4e1a\u4eba\u58eb\u5219\u88ab\u5efa\u8bae\u653e\u4e0b\u7591\u8651\uff0c\u63a5\u53d7\u60a3\u8005\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u5173\u4e8e\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8005\u7684\u4e3b\u5f20\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u60dc\u4e00\u5207\u4ee3\u4ef7\u907f\u514d\u4efb\u4f55\u8d1f\u9762\u56de\u5e94\u6216\u8bd5\u56fe\u963b\u6b62\u60a3\u8005\u5f00\u59cb\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u63a2\u7d22\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u732e\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u6697\u793a\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8005\u7ecf\u5386\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u5065\u5eb7\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5176\u6e34\u671b\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u662f\u6781\u5176\u5e94\u53d7\u8c34\u8d23\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7531\u6c49\u666e\u65af\u7279\u5fb7\u7684\u7687\u5bb6\u81ea\u7531\u533b\u9662\u4e3a\u82f1\u56fd\u533b\u9662\u5236\u5b9a\u7684\u4e00\u4efd\u6307\u5357\u6b63\u63a8\u5e7f\u4e00\u79cd\u7c7b\u4f3c\u65b9\u6cd5\u2014\u2014\u300c\u6b8b\u75be\u6a21\u5f0f\u300d\u2014\u2014\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5e94\u5bf9\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u60a3\u8005\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\uff1a\u300c\u5728\u7406\u89e3\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8005\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u7684\u8bf8\u591a\u56f0\u96be\u65f6\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u6b8b\u75be\u6a21\u5f0f\u4f1a\u6709\u6240\u5e2e\u52a9\u2014\u2014\u5373\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u969c\u788d\u548c\u963b\u529b\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u672c\u8eab\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u95ee\u9898\u300d(Thom and Weeks,2010)\u3002\u6839\u636e\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u5728\u300c\u5c11\u6570\u7fa4\u4f53\u538b\u529b\u300d\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8005\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u7684\u75db\u82e6\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u6b67\u89c6\u548c\u504f\u89c1\u9020\u6210\u7684\u3002\u300c\u5c11\u6570\u7fa4\u4f53\u538b\u529b\u300d\u548c\u300c\u6b8b\u75be\u6a21\u5f0f\u300d\u5728\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u4e25\u91cd\u75db\u82e6\u5728\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e4b\u524d\u548c\u4e4b\u540e\u90fd\u5982\u6b64\u6301\u4e45\u5b58\u5728\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd8\u5f88\u591a\u5de5\u4f5c\u8981\u505a\u3002\u4e00\u9879\u91c7\u7528\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5373\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u56f0\u6270\u662f\u7531\u5176\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u8ba4\u540c\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u8650\u5f85\u5f15\u8d77\uff0c\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u300c\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u8650\u5f85\u300d\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u6240\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u7537\u6027\u8eab\u4f53\u7684\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8005\u7684\u7ec8\u751f\u91cd\u5ea6\u6291\u90c1\u53d1\u75c5\u7387\u4e3a54.3\uff05\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u662f\u666e\u901a\u4eba\u7fa4\u4f30\u8ba1\u503c\u7684\u4e09\u500d(Nuttbrock <em>et al.<\/em>,2010:21)\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7ec8\u751f\u81ea\u6740\u610f\u5ff5\u4e3a53.5\uff05\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u662f\u666e\u901a\u4eba\u7fa4\u7684\u4e09\u500d\u591a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528\u8bf8\u5982\u300c\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u76f8\u5173\u300d\u8650\u5f85\u3001\u300c\u5c11\u6570\u7fa4\u4f53\u538b\u529b\u300d\u4ee5\u53ca\u300c\u6b8b\u75be\u6a21\u5f0f\u300d\u7b49\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e0\u6cd5\u63d0\u51fa\u5173\u952e\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u73af\u5883\u3002\u5b83\u5c06\u66b4\u529b\u3001\u6027\u8650\u5f85\u548c\u8eab\u4f53\u8650\u5f85\u5bfc\u81f4\u6e34\u671b\u300c\u8f6c\u53d8\u300d\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u6392\u9664\u5728\u5916\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u73b0\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u95ee\u53ca\u8fd9\u70b9\uff0c\u4f46\u6027\u66b4\u529b\u7ecf\u5386\u4e0e\u51b3\u5b9a\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u5173\u8054\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u6709\u6587\u732e\u652f\u6301\u3002\u970d\u8389\u00b7\u5fb7\u6c83\u5c14\u5bf9\u5b8c\u6210\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u7684\u5973\u6027\u8fdb\u884c\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5728\u53d7\u8bbf\u8005\u81ea\u613f\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e8c\u8005\u5b58\u5728\u660e\u663e\u5173\u8054\uff0c\u4f46\u5979\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u5e76\u672a\u8be2\u95ee\u6709\u5173\u66b4\u529b\u7684\u95ee\u9898(Devor,1994)\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u9879\u5173\u4e8e\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u7fa4\u4f53\u4f01\u56fe\u81ea\u6740\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c60%\u7684\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u60a3\u6709\u6291\u90c1\u75c7\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u53d1\u73b059%\u7684\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u66fe\u88ab\u8feb\u53d1\u751f\u6027\u884c\u4e3a\u6216\u88ab\u5f3a\u5978\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u6837\u672c\u4e2d\u9ad8\u81ea\u6740\u672a\u9042\u7387(32%)\u76f8\u5173\u56e0\u7d20\u4e4b\u4e00(Clements-Nolle and Marx,2006)\u3002\u672c\u4e66\u91c7\u8bbf\u7684\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u540e\u6094\u8005\u6c83\u7279\u00b7\u6d77\u8036\u5c14\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4ed6\u7684\u7f51\u7ad9\u548c\u51fa\u7248\u7269\u4e0e\u5927\u91cf\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u624b\u672f\u5e78\u5b58\u8005\u5efa\u7acb\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6027\u8650\u5f85\u662f\u5bfc\u81f4\u4eba\u4eec\u4ea7\u751f\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u6e34\u671b\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u672a\u88ab\u5145\u5206\u8ba4\u8bc6\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u4ed6\u58f0\u79f0\uff0c\u5728\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u8eab\u4e0a\u6027\u8650\u5f85\u8d77\u4e86\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u300c\u572810\u5c81\u524d\u906d\u53d7\u4e86\u53d4\u53d4\u957f\u8fbe\u4e24\u4e09\u5e74\u7684\u6027\u9a9a\u6270\u548c\u6027\u4fb5\u72af\u300d\u3002\u6027\u8650\u5f85\u6070\u597d\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u53d4\u53d4\u53d1\u73b0\u7956\u6bcd\u7ed9\u7537\u5b69\u7a7f\u4e0a\u5973\u6027\u670d\u88c5\u4e4b\u540e\u3002\u6d77\u8036\u5c14\u7279\u522b\u63d0\u5230\u5973\u6027\u8eab\u4f53\u7684\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bf4\u300c\u5728\u6211\u4e2a\u4eba\u53c2\u4e0e\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u5bb6\u5ead\u6216\u7236\u6bcd\u53c2\u4e0e\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5973\u5b69\u4eec\u90fd\u906d\u53d7\u8fc7\u6027\u8650\u5f85\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u90fd\u662f\uff01\u300d\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u627f\u8ba4\u8fd9\u79cd\u5173\u8054\u4f1a\u52a8\u6447\u533b\u7597\u4e13\u4e1a\u4eba\u58eb\u666e\u904d\u8ba4\u540c\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u5373\u300c\u5c11\u6570\u7fa4\u4f53\u538b\u529b\u300d\u662f\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u7fa4\u4f53\u75db\u82e6\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8be5\u95ee\u9898\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u7126\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8377\u5c14\u8499\u548c\u624b\u672f\u6cbb\u7597\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u662f\u7cbe\u795e\u5065\u5eb7\u95ee\u9898\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u7f13\u89e3\uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u8bc1\u636e\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5728\u81ea\u6740\u503e\u5411\u548c\u6291\u90c1\u65b9\u9762\u60c5\u51b5\u5e76\u975e\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u9020\u6210\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u80fd\u539f\u56e0\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5b9e\u8df5\u5728\u635f\u574f\u800c\u975e\u6539\u5584\u793e\u4f1a\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u7fa4\u4f53\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u96be\u4ee5\u5efa\u7acb\u4eba\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5e76\u53ef\u80fd\u548c\u5bb6\u5ead\u758f\u8fdc\u3002\u4e00\u9879\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u4e94\u5e74\u968f\u8bbf\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u90a3\u4e9b\u7ecf\u8fc7\u975e\u5e38\u4ed4\u7ec6\u7b5b\u9009\u63a5\u53d7\u751f\u7406\u6027\u522b\u91cd\u7f6e\u624b\u672f\u7684\u60a3\u8005\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ecd\u670930%\u523040%\u7684\u4eba\u5728\u793e\u4ea4\u3001\u5fc3\u7406\u548c\u7cbe\u795e\u529f\u80fd\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u300c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u672a\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u4ece\u624b\u672f\u4e2d\u53d7\u76ca\u300d(Bodlund and Kullgren,1996:311)\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u65e0\u6cd5\u7ea0\u6b63\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8005\u7ecf\u5386\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u75be\u75c5\u5916\uff0c\u8377\u5c14\u8499\u548c\u624b\u672f\u6cbb\u7597\u8fd8\u53ef\u80fd\u5e26\u6765\u65b0\u7684\u3001\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u6311\u6218\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:70px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.4\u8377\u5c14\u8499\u6cbb\u7597\u7684\u526f\u4f5c\u7528<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4e00\u4e9b\u6e34\u671b\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u7684\u4eba\u4f1a\u4ece\u9ed1\u5e02\u8d2d\u4e70\u8377\u5c14\u8499\uff0c\u4f46\u5927\u591a\u6570\u90fd\u80fd\u627e\u5230\u613f\u610f\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f00\u5904\u65b9\u7684\u533b\u751f\u3002\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8005\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u751f\u6b96\u5668\u624b\u672f\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u80fd\u8fdb\u884c\u4e73\u623f\u5207\u9664\u672f\u6216\u4e73\u623f\u690d\u5165\u624b\u672f\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u786e\u5b9e\u670d\u7528\u8377\u5c14\u8499\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6cbb\u7597\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u300c\u8377\u5c14\u8499\u66ff\u4ee3\u7597\u6cd5(HRT)\u300d\u3002\u8d77\u521d\uff0cHRT \u88ab\u63a8\u9500\u7ed9\u5973\u6027\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u5e2e\u52a9\u5973\u6027\u7f13\u89e3\u56e0\u8870\u8001\u800c\u524a\u5f31\u5176\u300c\u5bf9\u7537\u6027\u6709\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u300d\u8fd9\u4e00\u6307\u5b9a\u751f\u7406\u6027\u522b\u89d2\u8272\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u75db\u82e6\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5e76\u88ab\u5439\u6367\u4e3a\u9884\u9632\u66f4\u5e74\u671f\u75c7\u72b6\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u5343\u79a7\u5e74\u521d\u53d7\u5230\u4e25\u91cd\u8d28\u7591(Writing Group for the Women\u2019s Health Initiative Investigators, 2002)\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u968f\u7740\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8005\u5bf9 HRT \u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u5236\u836f\u516c\u53f8\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u7684\u3001\u6709\u5229\u53ef\u56fe\u7684\u4e14\u80fd\u52a0\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u56f0\u6270\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u90a3\u4e9b\u5e0c\u671b\u4fdd\u6301\u5f02\u6027\u5916\u8868\uff0c\u6216\u9700\u8981\u907f\u514d\u8fc7\u65e9\u7edd\u7ecf\uff0c\u548c\u56e0\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8377\u5c14\u8499\u5bfc\u81f4\u9aa8\u9abc\u5065\u5eb7\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8377\u5c14\u8499\u4f7f\u7528\u5fc5\u987b\u6301\u7eed\u7ec8\u8eab\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u589e\u52a0\u8bca\u65ad\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bca\u65ad\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u60a3\u8005\u5e74\u5e7c\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u5e76\u8ba9\u513f\u7ae5\u7ec8\u8eab(\u4e03\u516b\u5341\u5e74)\u4f7f\u7528\u8377\u5c14\u8499\uff0c\u5229\u6da6\u5c06\u5927\u5e45\u589e\u52a0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7531\u4e8e\u957f\u671f\u968f\u8bbf\u7814\u7a76\u660e\u663e\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u5173\u4e8e\u5bf9\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u7fa4\u4f53\u8fdb\u884c\u8377\u5c14\u8499\u6cbb\u7597\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u6709\u7528\u4fe1\u606f(Schlatterer <em>et al.<\/em>,1998)\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e00\u9879\u77ed\u671f\u968f\u8bbf\u7814\u7a76\u8b66\u544a\u79f0\uff0c\u300c\u8de8\u751f\u7406\u6027\u522b\u8377\u5c14\u8499\u6cbb\u7597\u53ef\u80fd\u9020\u6210\u5b9e\u8d28\u6027\u7684\u533b\u5b66\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\u300d(Futterweit,1998:209)\u3002\u8be5\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5973\u6027\u8eab\u4f53\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8005\u8fdb\u884c\u96c4\u6fc0\u7d20\u6cbb\u7597\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u6c34\u548c\u94a0\u6f74\u7559\uff0c\u5076\u53d1\u7684\u300c\u8111\u8840\u7ba1\u610f\u5916\u300d\uff1b\u7ea2\u7ec6\u80de\u751f\u6210\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u5373\u7ea2\u7ec6\u80de\u8fc7\u5ea6\u53d1\u80b2\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u653e\u8840\uff1b\u78b3\u6c34\u5316\u5408\u7269\u8010\u53d7\u6027\u964d\u4f4e\uff1b\u8840\u6e05\u9ad8\u5bc6\u5ea6\u8102\u86cb\u767d\u80c6\u56fa\u9187\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u52a8\u8109\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u6307\u6807\uff1b\u809d\u9176\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u63d0\u793a\u764c\u75c7\u98ce\u9669\uff1b\u80a5\u80d6\uff1b\u60c5\u7eea\u6216\u7cbe\u795e\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u300c\u975e\u5e38\u9891\u7e41\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u653b\u51fb\u6027\u589e\u52a0\u3001\u60c5\u7eea\u6ce2\u52a8\u300d\uff1b\u6027\u6b32\u4ea2\u8fdb\uff1b\u300c\u60c5\u611f\u6027\u548c\/\u6216\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u6027\u75c7\u72b6\u300d\uff1b\u4ee5\u53ca\u6291\u90c1\u75c7(Futterweit,1998:215)\u3002\u8be5\u7814\u7a76\u8b66\u544a\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5b58\u5728\u5b50\u5bab\u5185\u819c\u764c\u7684\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u5e94\u907f\u514d\u5728\u624b\u672f\u524d\u8fdb\u884c\u957f\u671f\u8377\u5c14\u8499\u6cbb\u7597\u3002\u4e00\u9879\u5173\u4e8e\u957f\u671f\u63a5\u89e6\u96c4\u6fc0\u7d20\u5bfc\u81f4\u5375\u5de2\u4e0a\u76ae\u764c\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u6848\u4f8b\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5f97\u51fa\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u96c4\u6fc0\u7d20\u662f\u8fd9\u7c7b\u764c\u75c7\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u98ce\u9669\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u5e76\u5efa\u8bae\u5207\u9664\u5973\u6027\u8eab\u4f53\u7684\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8005\u7684\u5375\u5de2(Hage,2000)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e0a\u4e16\u7eaa\u516b\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u8377\u5170\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u4ea7\u4e1a\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u56e2\u961f\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u8bc4\u4f30\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u975e\u5e38\u4ee4\u4eba\u62c5\u5fe7\u7684\u7ed3\u679c(Asscheman <em>et al.<\/em>,1989)\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7814\u7a76\u4e86425\u540d\u300c\u53d8\u6027\u300d\u60a3\u8005\uff0c\u6765\u8bc4\u4f30\u300c\u6027\u7c7b\u56fa\u9187\u6cbb\u7597\u7684\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\u300d(Asscheman <em>et al.<\/em>, 1989:867)\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7814\u7a76\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u548c\u6ca1\u6709\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u7684\u7537\u6027\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u7684\u7537\u6027\u5b58\u5728\u4e25\u91cd\u81ea\u6740\u503e\u5411\uff0c\u6b7b\u4ea1\u4eba\u6570\u662f\u672a\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u7537\u6027\u9884\u671f\u4eba\u6570\u7684\u4e94\u500d\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u8fd8\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u8377\u5c14\u8499\u6cbb\u7597\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u663e\u8457\u7684\u4e0d\u826f\u5065\u5eb7\u5f71\u54cd\uff1a\u8840\u6813\u6813\u585e\u4e8b\u4ef6\u589e\u52a0(45\u500d)\uff1b\u9ad8\u6ccc\u4e73\u7d20\u8840\u75c7\uff0c\u5373\u8d1f\u8d23\u5973\u6027\u4e73\u623f\u6ccc\u4e73\u7684\u6fc0\u7d20\u8fc7\u5ea6\u5206\u6ccc(400\u500d)\uff1b\u6291\u90c1\u60c5\u7eea\u53d8\u5316(15\u500d)\uff1b\u4ee5\u53ca\u809d\u9176\u7684\u77ed\u6682\u5347\u9ad8\u3002\u5bf9\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u7684\u5973\u6027\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u95ee\u9898\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\u4e14\u5371\u9669\u6027\u4e0d\u5982\u7537\u6027\u81f4\u547d\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ec\u4f53\u91cd\u589e\u52a0\u548c\u75e4\u75ae\uff0c\u4f46\u4e24\u4e2a\u7fa4\u4f53\u90fd\u6709\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u809d\u9176\u5f02\u5e38\u3002\u8be5\u7814\u7a76\u5f97\u51fa\u7ed3\u8bba\u300c\u4e25\u91cd\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u53d1\u751f\u5e76\u4e0d\u5c11\u89c1\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e00\u9879\u5173\u4e8e\u8377\u5c14\u8499\u6cbb\u7597\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5242\u91cf\u4f7f\u7528\u5b58\u5728\u6781\u5927\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff1a\u300c\u5178\u578b\u7684\u53d8\u6027\u8005\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u96cc\u6fc0\u7d20\u5242\u91cf\u662f\u7edd\u7ecf\u540e\u5973\u6027\u8377\u5c14\u8499\u66ff\u4ee3\u7597\u6cd5(HRT)\u63a8\u8350\u5242\u91cf\u7684\u4e24\u5230\u4e09\u500d\u300d(Moore <em>et al.<\/em>,2003:3468)\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u8003\u8651\u5230\u5973\u5987\u5973\u5065\u5eb7\u5021\u8bae\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e25\u91cd\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8be5\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\u8fdc\u4f4e\u4e8e\u6b64\u5242\u91cf\u7684\u8377\u5c14\u8499\u4f7f\u7528\u540c\u6837\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u5371\u5bb3\u30022002\u5e74\u7684\u5987\u5973\u5065\u5eb7\u5021\u8bae\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u96cc\u6fc0\u7d20\u548c\u5b55\u6fc0\u7d20\u7684\u8054\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u7edd\u7ecf\u540e\u5973\u6027\u5728HRT \u4e2d\u7f79\u60a3\u51a0\u5fc3\u75c5\u3001\u4e2d\u98ce\u3001\u80ba\u52a8\u8109\u6813\u585e\u548c\u4fb5\u88ad\u6027\u4e73\u817a\u764c\u7684\u98ce\u9669(Writing Group for the Women\u2019s Health Initiative Investigators,2002)\u3002\u51fa\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u8b66\u544a\u4e0d\u8981\u957f\u671f\u4f7f\u7528\u5b55\u6fc0\u7d20\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e34\u5e8a\u533b\u5e08\u4ecd\u5c06\u5176\u7528\u4e8e\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e73\u623f\u751f\u957f\u7b49\u76ee\u7684(Moore <em>et al.<\/em>,2003:3469)\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5173\u4e8e\u8377\u5c14\u8499\u6cbb\u7597\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5f97\u51fa\u7ed3\u8bba\u300c\u6027\u7c7b\u56fa\u9187\u6cbb\u7597\u7684\u4e0d\u826f\u53cd\u5e94\u662f\u771f\u5b9e\u4e14\u663e\u8457\u7684\u300d\uff0c\u5e76\u6307\u51fa\u300c\u751f\u7406\u6027\u522b\u91cd\u7f6e\u624b\u672f\u2026\u2026\u4e0d\u5e94\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u6cbb\u6108\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u300d(ibid.)\u3002\u5b83\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u4ece\u5404\u79cd\u6765\u6e90\u83b7\u53d6\u8377\u5c14\u8499\u7684\u60a3\u8005\uff0c\u5176\u4f7f\u7528\u5242\u91cf\u6bd4\u7edd\u7ecf\u540e\u5973\u6027\u7684\u5242\u91cf\u9ad8\u51fa\u4e8c\u5341\u4e00\u751a\u81f3\u4e09\u5341\u500d\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u8fd8\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u7684\u5973\u6027\u6837\u672c\u6570\u91cf\u592a\u5c11\uff0c\u6709\u5173\u6cbb\u7597\u5bf9\u5176\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e5f\u5f88\u5c11\uff0c\u4f46\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8be5\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u300c\u4f4e\u4f30\u4e86\u300d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u300c\u4f53\u91cd\u589e\u52a0\u3001\u80f0\u5c9b\u7d20\u654f\u611f\u6027\u4e0b\u964d\u3001\u8840\u8102\u5f02\u5e38\u4ee5\u53ca\u7ea2\u7ec6\u80de\u6bd4\u5bb9(\u7ea2\u7ec6\u80de\u767e\u5206\u6bd4)\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u4ee4\u4eba\u62c5\u5fe7\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f15\u53d1\u5bf9\u5fc3\u810f\u548c\u8840\u6813\u6813\u585e\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u62c5\u5fe7\u300d(Moore <em>et al.<\/em>, 2003:3470)\u3002\u5bf9\u7537\u6027\u8eab\u4f53\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8005\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e25\u91cd\u5f71\u54cd\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u60a3\u4e73\u817a\u764c\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u4e00\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5bf9\u5e74\u957f\u7684\u7537\u6027\u8eab\u4f53\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8005\uff0c\u63a5\u53d7\u8377\u5c14\u8499\u6cbb\u7597\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e73\u817a\u764c\u3001\u6df1\u9759\u8109\u8840\u6813\u548c\u9aa8\u8d28\u758f\u677e\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u589e\u52a0(Persson,2009)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u82f1\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u536b\u751f\u670d\u52a1\u4f53\u7cfb(NHS)\u627f\u8ba4\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8005\u957f\u671f\u4f7f\u7528\u8377\u5c14\u8499\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5f88\u5c11\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u627f\u8ba4\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u6cbb\u7597\u5c1a\u5728\u5b9e\u9a8c\u9636\u6bb5\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5199\u9053\uff1a\u300c\u5728\u5408\u7406\u5242\u91cf\u4e0b\u5bf9\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8005\u8fdb\u884c\u8377\u5c14\u8499\u6cbb\u7597\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u300d(NHS,2007:11)\uff0c\u4f46\u968f\u540e\u5217\u51fa\u4e86\u6f5c\u5728\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u670d\u7528\u96cc\u6fc0\u7d20\u4e0e\u8840\u6813\u3001\u5352\u4e2d\u3001\u80ba\u6813\u585e\u548c\u809d\u529f\u80fd\u5f02\u5e38\u76f8\u5173\uff1b\u800c\u670d\u7528\u777e\u916e\u4e0e\u7ea2\u7ec6\u80de\u589e\u591a\u75c7(\u7ea2\u7ec6\u80de\u8fc7\u5ea6\u751f\u6210)\u76f8\u5173(NHS,2007;Persson,2009)\u3002\u7ea2\u7ec6\u80de\u8fc7\u5ea6\u751f\u6210\u4f1a\u4f7f\u8840\u6db2\u6bd4\u6b63\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u66f4\u6d53\u7a20\uff0c\u5e76\u53ef\u80fd\u5f15\u8d77\u6c14\u4fc3\u548c\u9759\u8109\u708e\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u589e\u52a0\u5fc3\u810f\u75c5\u548c\u5fc3\u808c\u6897\u6b7b\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u79cd\u300c\u975e\u5e38\u5b89\u5168\u300d\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4efd\u4ee4\u4eba\u60ca\u8bb6\u7684\u3001\u5305\u542b\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4e25\u91cd\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u6e05\u5355\u3002\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5065\u5eb7\u95ee\u9898\u90fd\u4e0e\u4e00\u79cd\u505a\u6cd5\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u89c1\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u4f5c\u8005\u5c06\u5176\u8ba4\u5b9a\u4e3a\u300c\u533b\u6e90\u6027\u7684\u300d\uff0c\u5373\u7531\u533b\u7597\u4e13\u4e1a\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u8bca\u65ad\u5f15\u53d1(Bullough,2006)\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u66fe\u7ecf\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u300c\u53d8\u6027\u75c7\u72b6\u300d\u88ab\u89c6\u9700\u8981\u751f\u7406\u6027\u522b\u91cd\u7f6e\u624b\u672f\u548c\u8377\u5c14\u8499\u6cbb\u7597\uff0c\u4f46\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u5e76\u975e\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u610f\u5411\u8005\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u670d\u7528\u8377\u5c14\u8499\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7ee7\u7eed\u8fdb\u884c\u624b\u672f\uff0c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd2004\u5e74\u300a\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u627f\u8ba4\u6cd5\u6848(GRA)\u300b\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u60f3\u83b7\u5f97\u751f\u7406\u6027\u522b\u53d8\u66f4\u8bc1\u4e66\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u65e2\u65e0\u9700\u63a5\u53d7\u8377\u5c14\u8499\u6cbb\u7597\uff0c\u4e5f\u65e0\u9700\u624b\u672f(Jeffreys,2008)\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u90a3\u4e9b\u786e\u5b9e\u8fdb\u884c\u624b\u672f\u7684\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5176\u4ed6\u4e25\u91cd\u5371\u5bb3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u672c\u6587\u5171\u8ba1 8108 \u5b57\uff0c\u9884\u8ba1\u9700\u8981 21 \u5206\u949f\u3002 \u4e0e\u6d1b\u7433\u00b7\u6208\u7279\u6c99\u5c14\u514b\u5171\u540c\u64b0\u5199 \u672c\u7ae0\u5c06\u63a2\u8ba8\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u5b9e\u8df5\u5bf9\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8005\u81ea\u8eab [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[20,18],"class_list":["post-427","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-8","tag-20","tag-18"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/43.154.128.27\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/427","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/43.154.128.27\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/43.154.128.27\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/43.154.128.27\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/43.154.128.27\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=427"}],"version-history":[{"count":15,"href":"http:\/\/43.154.128.27\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/427\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":550,"href":"http:\/\/43.154.128.27\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/427\/revisions\/550"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/43.154.128.27\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=427"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/43.154.128.27\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=427"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/43.154.128.27\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=427"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}