{"id":397,"date":"2025-12-07T22:12:15","date_gmt":"2025-12-07T14:12:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/43.154.128.27\/?p=397"},"modified":"2025-12-19T21:09:24","modified_gmt":"2025-12-19T13:09:24","slug":"%e3%80%8a%e6%80%a7%e5%88%ab%e4%b9%8b%e7%97%9b%e3%80%8b%e7%ac%ac%e4%ba%8c%e7%ab%a0-%e8%b7%a8%e6%80%a7%e5%88%ab%e4%b8%bb%e4%b9%89%e5%92%8c%e5%a5%b3%e6%9d%83%e4%b8%bb%e4%b9%891-3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/43.154.128.27\/index.php\/2025\/12\/07\/%e3%80%8a%e6%80%a7%e5%88%ab%e4%b9%8b%e7%97%9b%e3%80%8b%e7%ac%ac%e4%ba%8c%e7%ab%a0-%e8%b7%a8%e6%80%a7%e5%88%ab%e4%b8%bb%e4%b9%89%e5%92%8c%e5%a5%b3%e6%9d%83%e4%b8%bb%e4%b9%891-3\/","title":{"rendered":"\u300a\u6027\u522b\u4e4b\u75db\u300b|\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0: \u8de8\u6027\u522b\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u5973\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49(1\/3)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div style=\"height:70px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-text-color has-link-color has-small-font-size wp-elements-981988489014bbe15c3f05bed6e600fb\" style=\"color:#4a4e50\">\u672c\u6587\u5171\u8ba1 6604 \u5b57\uff0c\u9884\u8ba1\u9700\u8981 16 \u5206\u949f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:70px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u5b9e\u8df5\u548c\u5973\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u57fa\u7840\u76f8\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5973\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u662f\u4e00\u573a\u57fa\u4e8e\u751f\u800c\u4e3a\u5973\u3001\u5e76\u6210\u957f\u5728\u5973\u6027\u751f\u7406\u6027\u522b\u79cd\u59d3\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u5341\u5e74\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7531\u81ea\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8005\u7684\u7537\u6027\u53d1\u8d77\u4e86\u4e00\u573a\u58f0\u52bf\u6d69\u5927\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u786e\u7acb\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u5973\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e0d\u4ec5\u548c\u5973\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u76f8\u5bb9\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u5176\u6b63\u786e\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u5178\u8303\u3002\u8fd9\u573a\u8fd0\u52a8\u83b7\u5f97\u90e8\u5206\u5973\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fd0\u52a8\u548c\u5b66\u672f\u5973\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u8ba4\u53ef\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4e0e\u9177\u513f\u548c\u540e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e3b\u4e49\u7406\u8bba\u4ea7\u751f\u5171\u9e23\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7406\u8bba\u5df2\u7ecf\u98a0\u8986\u4e86\u5973\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u5bf9\u300c\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b(gender)\u300d\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u63a5\u53d7\u4f7f\u7537\u6027\u53ef\u4ee5\u65e2\u662f\u5973\u6027\u53c8\u662f\u5973\u540c\u6027\u604b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u66fe\u7ecf\u662f\u5973\u540c\u6027\u604b\u7684\u5973\u6027\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8005\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u300c\u7537\u6027\u300d\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u5341\u5206\u5408\u7406\u3002\u672c\u7ae0\u5c06\u8003\u5bdf\u5973\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u5bf9\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u4e3b\u4e49\u7406\u8bba\u5316\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3001\u9177\u513f\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u5973\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u672c\u7ae0\u8fd8\u5c06\u8bba\u8ff0\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e3b\u4e49\u8bd5\u56fe\u538b\u5236\u6311\u6218\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5973\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u4e0a\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e03\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8f6e\u5973\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u6d6a\u6f6e\u9f0e\u76db\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fd8\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4e0d\u90a3\u4e48\u666e\u904d\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5973\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u666e\u904d\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u62d2\u7edd\u8fd9\u79cd\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c\u7406\u7531\u662f\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u4e3b\u4e49(transgenderism)\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u53d8\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49(transsexualism)\uff0c\u5728\u590d\u5236\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5973\u6027\u5c48\u4ece\u5730\u4f4d\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u751f\u7406\u6027\u522b\u89d2\u8272\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u300c\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u300d(Morgan,1978;Raymond,1994)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6839\u636e\u5973\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u5bf9\u8be5\u5b9e\u8df5\u7684\u6279\u5224\uff0c\u8fd9\u7c7b\u300c\u523b\u677f\u89d2\u8272\u300d\u6b63\u662f\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6839\u672c\u57fa\u7840\u548c\u5fc5\u8981\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u4e0a\u4e16\u7eaa\u516d\u4e03\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u5f02\u88c5\u7406\u8bba\u5bb6\u5f17\u5409\u5c3c\u4e9a\u00b7\u666e\u6797\u65af(2005b)\u63cf\u8ff0\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5f02\u88c5\u5b9e\u8df5\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u5973\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u4eec\u5728\u4e03\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u63a5\u89e6\u5230\u7684\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u4e3b\u4e49\u5b9e\u9645\u662f\u5c11\u6570\u7537\u6027\u8bd5\u56fe\u300c\u626e\u6f14\u300d\u5973\u6027\u3002\u5728\u4e5d\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u524d\uff0c\u4f9d\u6258\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u6709\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8fd0\u52a8\u5c1a\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u90a3\u65f6\u5973\u6027\u8bd5\u56fe\u300c\u626e\u6f14\u300d\u7537\u6027\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u8981\u7f55\u89c1\u5f97\u591a\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5728\u5973\u540c\u6027\u604b\u793e\u7fa4\u4e2d\u5e76\u4e0d\u5f15\u4eba\u6ce8\u76ee\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u56db\u5341\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u6fc0\u8fdb\u5973\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u548c\u6d3b\u52a8\u5bb6\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u5341\u5206\u660e\u786e\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u751f\u4e0b\u6765\u662f\u7537\u6027\u5e76\u4ee5\u7537\u6027\u8eab\u4efd\u88ab\u629a\u517b\u957f\u5927\u7684\u4eba\u5728\u5987\u5973\u89e3\u653e\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e2d\u8981\u6c42\u88ab\u627f\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5973\u6027\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u662f\u5728\u4ece\u4e8b\u4e00\u79cd\u5bf9\u5973\u6027\u7684\u6b96\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e49\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u7406\u5e94\u88ab\u6392\u9664\u5728\u5916\u3002\u7537\u6027\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u53d7\u538b\u8feb\u7684\u751f\u7406\u6027\u522b\u79cd\u59d3\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u4ece\u5973\u6027\u4ece\u5c5e\u5730\u4f4d\u4e2d\u83b7\u76ca\u3002\u7f57\u5bbe\u00b7\u6469\u6839\u57281973\u5e74\u6d1b\u6749\u77f6\u897f\u6d77\u5cb8\u5973\u540c\u6027\u604b\u5927\u4f1a\u4e0a\u6e05\u695a\u9610\u91ca\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9 (Morgan,1978)\u3002\u5979\u4fee\u6539\u6f14\u8bb2\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u52a0\u5165\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u4e3b\u4e49\u8bae\u9898\uff0c\u4ee5\u56de\u5e94\u4e00\u540d\u5f02\u88c5\u7537\u6027\u7684\u4e89\u8bae\u6027\u5728\u573a\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u51fa\u5e2d\u7ed9\u5927\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u4e25\u91cd\u635f\u5bb3\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u5927\u4f1a\u7b2c\u4e00\u665a\u5c31\u5168\u4e71\u4e86\u5957\uff0c\u8d77\u56e0\u662f\u4e00\u540d\u5f02\u88c5\u7537\u6027\u672a\u7ecf\u9080\u8bf7\u5c31\u95ef\u5165\u73b0\u573a\uff0c\u4ed6\u575a\u79f0\u81ea\u5df1 (1)\u662f\u53d7\u9080\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\uff0c(2)\u771f\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5973\u4eba\uff0c(3)\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u540d\u5973\u540c\u6027\u604b\u8005\u3002(\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u627f\u8ba4\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7537\u6027\u5f15\u8bf1\u5973\u6027\u7684\u5de7\u5999\u65b0\u5f0f\u624b\u6bb5\u3002) \u5927\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u56e0\u8fd9\u540d\u7537\u6027\u5206\u88c2\u3002\u5468\u4e94\u665a\u4e0a\uff0c\u5728\u573a\u8d85\u4e00\u534a\u7684\u5973\u6027\u8981\u6c42\u5f3a\u5236\u5c06\u4ed6\u9010\u51fa\u5168\u5973\u4f1a\u8bae\uff1b\u5176\u4ed6\u5973\u6027&#8230;&#8230;\u5219\u4e3a\u4ed6\u8fa9\u62a4\uff0c\u79f0\u4ed6\u4e3a\u5979\u4eec\u7684\u300c\u59d0\u59b9\u300d\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u5973\u6027\u56e0\u6b64\u5f7b\u5e95\u79bb\u5f00\u4f1a\u573a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\">\u2014\u2014Morgan,1978:171<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u5973\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u53cd\u5bf9\u6469\u6839\u6240\u79f0\u7684\u300c\u7537\u6027\u5f02\u88c5\u7656\u7684\u7325\u4eb5\u6027\u300d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5979\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4fae\u8fb1\u6027\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u7537\u6027\u4e3a\u4e86\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u5a31\u4e50\u611f\u6216\u5feb\u611f\u800c\u4e11\u5316\u5973\u6027\u523b\u677f\u5f62\u8c61\u3002\u5979\u4eec\u5c06\u7537\u6027\u5f02\u88c5\u4e0e\u7edf\u6cbb\u7fa4\u4f53\u6210\u5458\u6a21\u4eff\u5632\u5f04\u4ed6\u4eec\u773c\u4e2d\u4f4e\u4eba\u4e00\u7b49\u8005\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u5f53\u65f6\u767d\u4eba\u7537\u6027\u6d82\u9ed1\u8138\u8868\u6f14\u9ed1\u4eba\u8d70\u5531\u79c0<sup data-fn=\"6f7aee4e-20db-4b4a-a5c0-5a55855e3d20\" class=\"fn\"><a href=\"#6f7aee4e-20db-4b4a-a5c0-5a55855e3d20\" id=\"6f7aee4e-20db-4b4a-a5c0-5a55855e3d20-link\">1<\/a><\/sup>\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u6469\u6839\u6240\u8bf4\uff0c\u300c\u6211\u4eec\u90fd\u77e5\u9053\u767d\u4eba\u6d82\u9ed1\u8138\u65f6\u5176\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u7528\u610f\uff1b\u5f53\u7537\u6027\u7a7f\u5973\u88c5\u65f6\uff0c\u80cc\u540e\u4e5f\u662f\u540c\u6837\u7684\u7528\u610f\u4f5c\u795f\u300d(Morgan,1978:180)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6469\u6839\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u5979\u6240\u79f0\u7684\u5f02\u88c5\u7656\u8005\u662f\u300c\u6545\u610f\u91cd\u65b0\u5f3a\u8c03\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u5938\u5f20\u6a21\u4eff\u5632\u5f04\u5973\u6027\u53d7\u538b\u8feb\u548c\u75db\u82e6\u7684\u7537\u6027\u300d\uff0c\u5979\u575a\u51b3\u53cd\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u6e17\u900f\u8fdb\u5973\u6027\u5185\u90e8\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u4e0d\uff0c\u6211\u4e0d\u4f1a\u79f0\u547c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7537\u6027\u4e3a\u300c\u5979\u300d\uff1b\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7537\u6027\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e09\u5341\u4e8c\u5e74\u7684\u82e6\u96be\u548c\u751f\u5b58\u4e3a\u6211\u8d62\u5f97\u5973\u300c\u5973\u4eba\u300d\u8fd9\u4e00\u79f0\u8c13\uff1b\u4e00\u4e2a\u7537\u6027\u5f02\u88c5\u7656\u5728\u8857\u4e0a\u8d70\u4e00\u906d\uff0c\u4e94\u5206\u949f\u5185\u88ab\u4eba\u9a9a\u6270(\u4ed6\u6216\u8bb8\u4eab\u53d7\u5176\u4e2d)\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4ed6\u5c31\u6562\uff0c\u4ed6\u7adf\u6562\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4ed6\u7406\u89e3\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u75db\u82e6\uff1f\u4e0d\uff0c\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u6bcd\u4eb2\u540d\u4e49\u548c\u6211\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u540d\u4e49\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7edd\u4e0d\u80fd\u79f0\u4ed6\u4e3a\u59d0\u59b9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\">\u2014\u2014Morgan,1978,180<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>1973\u5e74\u7684\u5927\u4f1a\u4e0a\u7684\u90a3\u4f4d\u300c\u5f02\u88c5\u8005\u300d\u6709\u8981\u6c42\u8fdb\u5165\u5973\u6027\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u4e0d\u987e\u8fd9\u4e00\u884c\u4e3a\u9020\u6210\u7684\u7834\u574f\u548c\u5206\u88c2\u3002\u6469\u6839\u89e3\u91ca\u8bf4\uff0c\u300c\u4ed6\u56db\u5e74\u524d\u8bd5\u56fe\u5f3a\u8feb\u4e00\u4f4d\u65e7\u91d1\u5c71\u7684\u5973\u540c\u6027\u604b\u8005\u5141\u8bb8\u4ed6\u5f3a\u5978\u5979\u300d\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u6e17\u900f\u8fdb\u6bd4\u5229\u63d0\u65af\u4e4b\u5973(Daughters of Bilitis)\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5973\u540c\u6027\u604b\u56e2\u4f53\uff0c\u7ed9\u8be5\u7ec4\u7ec7\u9020\u6210\u5de8\u5927\u635f\u5bb3\u3002\u4ed6\u66fe\u5a01\u80c1\u5927\u4f1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8005\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5979\u4eec\u8bd5\u56fe\u5c06\u4ed6\u6392\u9664\u5728\u5916\uff0c\u4ed6\u4f1a\u91c7\u53d6\u6cd5\u5f8b\u884c\u52a8\uff1b\u300e\u5f53\u5973\u6027\u4eec\u79c1\u4e0b\u6073\u6c42\u4ed6<em>\u4e0d\u8981<\/em> \u53c2\u52a0\u8fd9\u573a\u5927\u4f1a\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u56de\u5e94\u8bf4\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u62d2\u4e4b\u95e8\u5916\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c06\u4ee5\u300c\u6b67\u89c6\u7f6a\u548c\u6b67\u89c6\u5171\u8c0b\u7f6a\u300d\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5973\u6027\u63d0\u8d77\u8054\u90a6\u8bc9\u8bbc\u300f(ibid.)\u3002\u6469\u6839\u6307\u8d23\u8fd9\u4f4d\u5f02\u88c5\u8005\u7684\u81ea\u604b\uff0c\u6e34\u671b\u6210\u4e3a\u5173\u6ce8\u7126\u70b9\uff0c\u5e76\u5229\u7528\u5927\u4f1a\u6765\u300c\u53d1\u5c55\u4ed6\u7684\u6295\u673a\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e8b\u4e1a\u300d(ibid.)\u3002\u5979\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u300c\u5f02\u88c5\u8005\u300d\u5e94\u5f53\u6210\u7acb\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u8ffd\u6c42\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5f3a\u95ef\u5973\u6027\u6d3b\u52a8\u548c\u5973\u6027\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u300c\u8054\u5408\u8d77\u6765\u5e76\u7ec4\u7ec7\u53cd\u6297\u538b\u8feb\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5bc4\u751f\u5728\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e00\u751f\u90fd\u5728\u5973\u6027\u8eaf\u4f53\u91cc<em>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5973\u6027<\/em> \u751f\u5b58\u7684\u5973\u4eba\u8eab\u4e0a\u300d(Morgan,1978:181)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\uff0c\u5973\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u5bf9\u5bfb\u6c42\u52a0\u5165\u5987\u5973\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8005\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u662f\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u3002\u57281979\u5e74\u4e3a\u5229\u5179\u6fc0\u8fdb\/\u9769\u547d\u5973\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u5927\u4f1a\u64b0\u5199\u7684\u4e00\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u62c9\u5c14\u00b7\u79d1\u6587\u5c3c\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u53d8\u5f62\u8005\u4e0d\u662f\u5973\u6027\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u9700\u8981\u6e05\u6670\u3001\u5927\u58f0\u5730\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5973\u4eba\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u957f\u671f\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ecf\u9a8c\u65e0\u6cd5\u88ab\u603b\u7ed3\u4e3a\u4e00\u5806\u5973\u6027\u751f\u6b96\u5668\u4e0a\u76d6\u7740\u51e0\u4ef6\u8863\u670d\u3002\u8981\u8fbe\u5230\u793e\u4f1a\u8ba4\u53ef\u7684\u5973\u6027\u7279\u8d28\u6807\u51c6\u9700\u8981\u591a\u5e74\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u538b\u529b\u548c\u5927\u91cf\u5b9e\u8df5\u2014\u2014\u6211\u4eec\u4e3a\u4e86\u751f\u5b58\u5b66\u4f1a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f0e\u4fe9\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u60f3\u5fc5\u7537\u4eba\u4e5f\u80fd\u5b66\u4f1a\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5fc3\u667a\u72b6\u6001\u3001\u6210\u4e3a\u5973\u4eba\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u2014\u2014\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u6b64\u6ca1\u6709\u9009\u62e9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\">\u2014\u2014Coveney,1979<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u4ee5\u300c\u624b\u672f\u65e0\u6cd5\u6539\u53d8\u4f60\u8111\u6d77\u91cc\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u300d\u7ed3\u5c3e\u3002\u51fa\u4e8e\u4ee5\u4e0a\u539f\u56e0\uff0c1979\u5e74\u7684\u300a\u4f26\u6566\u5987\u5973\u89e3\u653e\u901a\u8baf(London Women\u2019s Liberation Newsletter)\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bf9\u53d8\u6027\u8005\u6e17\u900f\u8fdb\u5973\u6027\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u5448\u73b0\u538b\u5012\u6027\u7684\u5426\u5b9a\u6001\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u552f\u4e00\u4e00\u90e8\u6574\u672c\u7bc7\u5e45\u90fd\u5728\u6279\u5224\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u4e3b\u4e49\u5b9e\u8df5\u7684\u5973\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u8457\u4f5c\u662f\u8a79\u5c3c\u65af\u00b7\u96f7\u8499\u5fb7\u7684\u300a\u53d8\u6027\u5e1d\u56fd(The Transsexual Empire)\u300b (1994,\u9996\u72481979)\u3002\u96f7\u8499\u5fb7\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u6fc0\u8fdb\u5973\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u7406\u8bba\u5bb6\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\u54f2\u5b66\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u5979\u5bf9\u8be5\u95ee\u9898\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u5973\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u653f\u6cbb\u6027\u5206\u6790\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7ed3\u8bba\u662f\uff0c\u53d8\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u6210\u56e0\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u901a\u8fc7\u7236\u6743\u5236\u793e\u4f1a\u5236\u9020\u7684\u751f\u7406\u6027\u522b\u89d2\u8272\u548c\u8eab\u4efd\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\u65f6\u624d\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u89e3\u91ca\u300d(Raymond,1994:79)\u3002\u5979\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u53d8\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49\u662f\u4ea7\u4e1a\u548c\u533b\u7597\u4e1a\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\uff0c\u65e2\u4e0d\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u8de8\u8d8a\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u3001\u672c\u8d28\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u9700\u8981\u5916\u79d1\u533b\u751f\u7528\u624b\u672f\u7ec6\u5fc3\u4fee\u590d\u7684\u751f\u7269\u53d1\u80b2\u4e0a\u7684\u7f3a\u9677\u3002\u96f7\u8499\u5fb7\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u662f\u53d1\u5c55\u5bf9\u533b\u5b66\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u6279\u5224\uff0c\u8be5\u9886\u57df\u6e90\u4e8e\u5854\u5c14\u79d1\u7279\u00b7\u5e15\u68ee\u65af\u7684\u7814\u7a76(1951)\u3002\u5e15\u68ee\u65af\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u533b\u5b66\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u793e\u4f1a\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4e3a\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u63d0\u4f9b\u533b\u5b66\u8bca\u65ad\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u793e\u4f1a\u504f\u5dee\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u7406\u89e3\u4e0b\uff0c\u533b\u5b66\u53c2\u4e0e\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u8bba\u8ff0\u5f62\u5f0f\u662f\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u5373\u5c06\u533b\u5b66\u89c6\u4e3a\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u652b\u53d6\u5229\u6da6\u7684\u6765\u6e90\u548c\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u662f\u533b\u7597-\u5de5\u4e1a\u590d\u5408\u4f53\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206(Riska,2003)\u3002\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u90fd\u88ab\u6279\u5224\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u5973\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u7528\u6765\u6279\u5224\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c2\u70b9\u6784\u6210\u4e0a\u4e16\u7eaa\u516d\u4e03\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u53cd\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u5b66\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u8be5\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u91cd\u70b9\u662f\u6311\u6218\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u5b66\u8bca\u65ad\u548c\u836f\u7269\u7597\u6cd5\u7684\u6cdb\u6ee5\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3b\u5f20\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bca\u65ad\u548c\u7597\u6cd5\u65e8\u5728\u63a7\u5236\u4e00\u4e9b\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5e94\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u5efa\u6784\u800c\u975e\u7cbe\u795e\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\u4e0b\uff0c\u95ee\u9898\u884c\u4e3a\u5e94\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u793e\u4f1a\u6297\u8bae\uff0c\u6216\u9636\u7ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u6027\u522b\u6b67\u89c6\u7684\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u73b0\u72b6\u9020\u6210\u7684\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u548c\u4e0d\u516c\u6b63\u7684\u4ea7\u7269(Illich,1975; Szasz,1960)\u3002\u5728\u4e0a\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e03\u516b\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u53ea\u6709\u50cf\u96f7\u8499\u5fb7\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6fc0\u8fdb\u5973\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u7406\u8bba\u5bb6\u5728\u6279\u5224\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u5efa\u6784\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u5fb7\u6000\u7279\u00b7\u6bd4\u6797\u65af\u548c\u6258\u9a6c\u65af\u00b7\u5384\u672c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u66f4\u5177\u6279\u5224\u6027\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\u4f7f\u7528\u89c2\u5bdf\u548c\u8bbf\u8c08\u6cd5\u5bf9\u4e00\u95f4\u300c\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u300d\u8bca\u6240\u8fdb\u884c\u7814\u7a76(Billings and Urban,1982)\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u6279\u5224\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u533b\u7597\u5b9e\u8df5\u8fdb\u884c\u5f7b\u5e95\u6279\u5224\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u533b\u751f\u53d1\u660e\u5e76\u63a8\u5e7f\u4e86\u6539\u53d8\u751f\u7406\u6027\u522b\u7684\u624b\u672f\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u624b\u672f\u300c\u65e2\u4e0d\u80fd\u6cbb\u6108\u8eab\u4f53\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0d\u80fd\u6cbb\u6108\u5fc3\u7075\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u5c65\u884c\u4e00\u79cd\u9053\u5fb7\u804c\u80fd\u300d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u624b\u672f\u300c\u5c06\u4e2a\u4f53\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u89d2\u8272\u56f0\u6270\u7684\u4f53\u9a8c\u79c1\u6709\u5316\u548c\u53bb\u653f\u6cbb\u5316\u300d\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u79cd\u56f0\u6270\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u53d8\u9769\u548c\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5efa\u6784\u6311\u6218\u7684\u75c7\u72b6(Billings and Urban,1982:266)\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f97\u51fa\u6709\u529b\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\uff1a\u300c\u901a\u8fc7\u7528\u533b\u5b66\u672f\u8bed\u53d6\u4ee3\u653f\u6cbb\u8bdd\u8bed\uff0c\u533b\u7597\u884c\u4e1a\u95f4\u63a5\u5730\u9a6f\u670d\u5e76\u8f6c\u5316\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u5de5\u5382\u91cc\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u91ce\u732b\u5f0f\u7f62\u5de5\u300d(Billings and Urban,1982:282)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5973\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u5bf9\u533b\u5b66\u548c\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u5b66\u7684\u6279\u5224\u53d1\u5c55\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6fc0\u8fdb\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u4f46\u5979\u4eec\u5bf9\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u4e3b\u4e49\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u81ea\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u533b\u5b66\u8fdb\u6b65\u601d\u60f3\u4eba\u58eb\u770b\u6765\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u7279\u522b\u4e4b\u5904\uff0c\u5982\u4eca\u5374\u88ab\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u6d3b\u52a8\u4eba\u58eb\u65a5\u4e3a\u300c\u4ec7\u6068\u300d\u8a00\u8bba\u548c\u8bfd\u8c24\uff0c\u5e76\u5bfc\u81f4\u5bf9\u4efb\u4f55\u6301\u6279\u5224\u6001\u5ea6\u7684\u5973\u6027\u7684\u8bfd\u8c24\u548c\u9a9a\u6270\u8fd0\u52a8 (Jeffreys,2012a)\u3002\u5728\u4e0a\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e03\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u5bf9\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u4e3b\u4e49\u5b9e\u8df5\u6301\u6279\u5224\u6001\u5ea6\u7684\u5973\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u5f53\u65f6\u6fc0\u8fdb\u5973\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\u6700\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u7684\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u739b\u4e3d\u00b7\u6234\u5229\u3001\u8a79\u5c3c\u65af\u00b7\u96f7\u8499\u5fb7\u3001\u7f57\u5bbe\u00b7\u6469\u6839\uff0c\u5979\u4eec\u5bf9\u6027\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u5206\u6790\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u6574\u4e2a\u5973\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u5982\u4eca\uff0c\u5979\u4eec\u5728\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u6d3b\u52a8\u4eba\u58eb\u7684\u6587\u732e\u4e2d\u53d7\u5230\u5f3a\u70c8\u62a8\u51fb(Serano,2007;Stryker,2008)\u3002\u65b0\u5174\u7684\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\u548c\u5982\u4eca\u5728\u5973\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\u9010\u6e10\u589e\u8bbe\u7684\u300c\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u5973\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u300d\u8bfe\u7a0b\uff0c\u90fd\u5c06\u7cbe\u529b\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u9a73\u65a5\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8f6e\u5973\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u6d6a\u6f6e\u6700\u5177\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u5973\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u7406\u8bba\u5bb6\u5bf9\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u5b9e\u8df5\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u6279\u5224\u6027\u8bba\u70b9\u548c\u884c\u52a8\u3002\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u6d3b\u52a8\u4eba\u58eb\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\uff0c\u7528\u4e00\u79cd\u7b26\u5408\u5176\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u300c\u5973\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u300d\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u6765\u53d6\u4ee3\u5bfb\u6c42\u5e9f\u9664\u751f\u7406\u6027\u522b\u89d2\u8272\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u66f4\u540d\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\uff0c\u7684\u6fc0\u8fdb\u5973\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u4e0a\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e5d\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u9177\u513f\u7406\u8bba\u5e2d\u5377\u5973\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u5973\u540c\u6027\u604b\u5973\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u4e3a\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u548c\u5b9e\u8df5\u7684\u8fc5\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\u5960\u5b9a\u575a\u5b9e\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u548c\u6240\u6709\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u6fc0\u8fdb\u5973\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5973\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u5bf9\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6279\u5224\u4e5f\u88ab\u8fb9\u7f18\u5316\u4e86\u3002\u8981\u7406\u89e3\u5973\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u5bf9\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6279\u5224\u5982\u4f55\u88ab\u652f\u6301\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u5b9e\u8df5\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u53d6\u4ee3\uff0c\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u8003\u5bdf\u9177\u513f\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u8fc7\u7a0b\u548c\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5176\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:70px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.1\u5973\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\u7684\u300c\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u300d<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9177\u513f\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u4ece\u5973\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u7406\u8bba\u5bb6\u90a3\u91cc\u6cbf\u88ad\u5bf9\u300c\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u300d\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u76f4\u81f3\u4e0a\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e03\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u6216\u516b\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\uff0c\u672f\u8bed\u300c\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u300d\u624d\u88ab\u5973\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u7406\u8bba\u5bb6\u666e\u904d\u91c7\u7528(Haig,2004)\u3002\u5728\u5927\u536b\u00b7\u6d77\u683c\u901a\u8fc7\u5206\u6790\u5973\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u671f\u520a\u6587\u7ae0\u548c\u4e66\u7c4d\u6807\u9898\u5bf9\u300c\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u300d\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u4e00\u9879\u6709\u76ca\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u4ed6\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u4e0a\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e03\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u4f7f\u7528\u8be5\u8bcd\u7684\u5973\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u660e\u786e\u5730\u5c06\u5176\u8d77\u6e90\u5f52\u529f\u4e8e\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u66fc\u5c3c\u548c\u7f57\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u65af\u6258\u52d2\u7b49\u6027\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u6027\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u5c06\u8be5\u672f\u8bed\u2014\u2014\u6700\u521d\u53ea\u6709\u6807\u6ce8\u540d\u8bcd\u8bcd\u6027\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u529f\u80fd\u2014\u2014\u53d1\u5c55\u4e3a\u6307\u4ee3\u7b26\u5408\u751f\u7406\u6027\u522b\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5e76\u7528\u5b83\u6765\u534f\u52a9\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c06\u95f4\u6027\u513f\u7ae5\u5f52\u5165\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5408\u9002\u7684\u7c7b\u522b\u4e2d\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8be5\u672f\u8bed\u5e76\u4e0d\u6e90\u81ea\u5973\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u88ab\u5973\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u91c7\u7eb3\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5728\u754c\u5b9a\u5973\u6027\u4ece\u5c5e\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5efa\u6784\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5f88\u6709\u7528\u3002\u5973\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u7406\u8bba\u5bb6\u53d1\u5c55\u4e86\u8be5\u672f\u8bed\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\uff0c\u7528\u5b83\u63cf\u8ff0\u5973\u6027\u88ab\u7f6e\u4e8e\u4ece\u5c5e\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u6574\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u300c\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u7b49\u7ea7\u300d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8868\u8fbe\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5973\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u4e00\u8bcd\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u8f6e\u53c8\u4e00\u8f6e\u6df7\u4e71\u548c\u6a21\u7cca\u63a9\u57cb\uff0c\u5728\u975e\u5973\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u8bed\u5883\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ece\u5927\u5b66\u7533\u8bf7\u8868\u5230\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u4e3b\u4e49\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\uff0c\u751f\u7406\u6027\u522b(sex)\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b(gender)\u88ab\u6df7\u4e3a\u4e00\u8c08\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u6bd4\u6bd4\u7686\u662f\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u6d77\u683c\u8bc4\u8bba\u7684\uff0c\u300c\u5bf9\u8bb8\u591a\u4e0d\u719f\u6089\u8be5\u672f\u8bed\u8fd1\u671f\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u5df2\u88ab\u5f53\u4f5c\u751f\u7406\u6027\u522b\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u540c\u4e49\u8bcd\uff0c\u6216\u4e00\u79cd\u59d4\u5a49\u8868\u8fbe\u300d(Haig,2004:95)\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u672f\u8bed\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u53d8\u5f97\u5982\u6b64\u6a21\u7cca\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u5973\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u5728\u8bd5\u56fe\u62c6\u89e3\u5176\u7528\u6cd5\u9020\u6210\u7684\u6df7\u4e71\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u521b\u9020\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6df7\u4e71\u7684\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u9177\u513f\u7406\u8bba\u8fd0\u7528\u300c\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u300d\u672f\u8bed\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u4e00\u79cd\u6781\u5176\u4fdd\u5b88\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u6a21\u5f0f\u2014\u2014\u5f02\u6027\u604b\u7537\u6027\u7684\u5f02\u88c5\u884c\u4e3a\u2014\u2014\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u5341\u5206\u5177\u5907\u98a0\u8986\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:70px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.2\u9177\u513f\u5bf9\u5973\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u51b2\u51fb<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u300c\u9177\u513f(queer)\u300d\u4e00\u8bcd\u6700\u521d\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u79cd\u5728\u4e0a\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e5d\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\uff0c\u4ece\u827e\u6ecb\u75c5\u8fd0\u52a8\u53d1\u5c55\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u7537\u540c\u6027\u604b\u6d3b\u52a8\u4eba\u58eb\u8d70\u4e0a\u8857\u5934\uff0c\u6297\u8bae\u4f34\u968f\u827e\u6ecb\u75c5\u7206\u53d1\u800c\u6765\u7684\u53cd\u540c\u6027\u604b\u4ec7\u6068\u6d6a\u6f6e\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7528\u300c\u9177\u513f\u300d\u4e00\u8bcd\u5c06\u81ea\u5df1\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u300c\u540c\u6027\u604b(gay)\u300d\u7684\u8001\u4e00\u4ee3\u7537\u540c\u6027\u604b\u533a\u5206\u5f00\u6765\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u59a5\u534f\u6d3e\uff0c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5e94\u5bf9\u65b0\u4e00\u4ee3\u6d3b\u52a8\u4eba\u58eb\u9762\u4e34\u7d27\u6025\u5371\u673a\u65f6\u6240\u9700\u7684\u5bf9\u6297\u6027(Jeffreys,2003)\u3002\u9177\u513f\u4e00\u8bcd\u5e76\u975e\u6e90\u81ea\u5973\u540c\u6027\u604b\u5973\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u653f\u6cbb\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u5c31\u660e\u786e\u53cd\u5bf9\u5973\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u653f\u6cbb\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b0\u672f\u8bed\u5bf9\u5973\u540c\u6027\u604b\u8005\u548c\u5973\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u800c\u8a00\u662f\u4e00\u573a\u5de8\u5927\u5012\u9000\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5979\u4eec\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u8270\u82e6\u6597\u4e89\u624d\u8ba9\u793e\u4f1a\u8fbe\u6210\u4e00\u79cd\u8ba4\u77e5\uff1a\u5373\u5728\u4f1a\u8bae\u3001\u4e66\u7c4d\u548c\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u6807\u9898\u4e2d\uff0c\u5973\u540c\u6027\u604b\u8005\u9700\u8981\u88ab\u5355\u72ec\u627f\u8ba4\u3002\u540c\u6027\u604b\u901a\u7528\u672f\u8bed\u5982\u300chomosexual\u300d\u548c\u300cgay\u300d\u5219\u5c06\u5973\u540c\u604b\u8005\u6df9\u6ca1\u5728\u7537\u6027\u5229\u76ca\u3001\u5173\u5207\u548c\u7537\u6027\u60f3\u8c61\u4e4b\u4e0b\u3002\u4e0a\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e03\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u5973\u540c\u6027\u604b\u5973\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fd0\u52a8\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5973\u540c\u6027\u604b\u8005\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u4e0e\u7537\u540c\u6027\u604b\u8005\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u76f8\u4e92\u72ec\u7acb\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u76f8\u4e92\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u3002\u5973\u540c\u6027\u604b\u5973\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u5bf9\u7537\u540c\u6027\u604b\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u62b1\u8d1f\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u6df1\u523b\u6279\u5224\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u5728\u739b\u4e3d\u7433\u00b7\u5f17\u83b1\u7684\u300a\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u653f\u6cbb(The Politics of Reality)\u300b(1983)\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u6211\u7684\u300a\u89e3\u6784\u9177\u513f\u653f\u6cbb(Unpacking Queer Politics)\u300b(2003) \u4e2d\u6e05\u6670\u53ef\u89c1\u3002\u4ece\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u5c31\u5f88\u660e\u663e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u901a\u7528\u672f\u8bed\u5c06\u62b5\u6d88\u5973\u540c\u6027\u604b\u8005\u5728\u8fd9\u573a\u653f\u6cbb\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e2d\u8270\u96be\u4e89\u53d6\u5230\u7684\u53ef\u89c1\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e5f\u7684\u786e\u5982\u6b64\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5973\u540c\u6027\u604b\u5973\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u6279\u8bc4\u8005\u4ece\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u5bf9\u9177\u513f\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u53d1\u8d77\u6311\u6218\u3002\u5979\u4eec\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u9177\u513f\u653f\u6cbb\u4e3b\u5f20\u56de\u5f52\u7537\u6027\u4e3b\u5bfc\u7684\u6027\u81ea\u7531\u8bae\u7a0b\uff0c\u8be5\u8bae\u7a0b\u6b63\u662f\u4e0a\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e03\u516b\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u5973\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u5973\u540c\u6027\u604b\u5973\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u8bd5\u56fe\u63a8\u7ffb\u7684(Jeffreys,2003)\u3002\u5979\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u9177\u513f\u7406\u8bba\u8bde\u751f\u4e8e\u4e5d\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u4fdd\u5b88\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u5973\u540c\u6027\u604b\u5973\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u7537\u540c\u6027\u604b\u89e3\u653e\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u6fc0\u8fdb\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u5ff5\u56e0\u4e0d\u5207\u5b9e\u9645\u800c\u88ab\u5426\u5b9a\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6fc0\u8fdb\u653f\u6cbb\u8fd0\u52a8\u6311\u6218\u4e86\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6743\u529b\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\uff0c\u6311\u6218\u4e86\u4f5c\u4e3a\u653f\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u5a5a\u59fb\u548c\u5f02\u6027\u604b\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3b\u5f20\u540c\u6027\u604b\u4e0d\u662f\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u653f\u6cbb\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c2\u70b9\u5bf9\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u5e76\u4e0d\u5927\u80c6\u7684\u4e5d\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u800c\u8a00\u8fc7\u4e8e\u6fc0\u8fdb\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9769\u547d\u6027\u5927\u5927\u524a\u5f31\u7684\u5341\u5e74\u91cc\uff0c\u53d7\u5230\u6311\u6218\u7684\u662f\u4e2a\u4f53\u8eab\u4f53\u800c\u975e\u8eab\u4f53\u653f\u6cbb\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u8eab\u4f53\u6539\u9020\u3001\u70d9\u5370\u3001\u5272\u4f24\u548c\u7eb9\u8eab\u5f00\u59cb\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u8fdb\u6b65\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5(Jeffreys,2000)\u3002\u9177\u513f\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u63d0\u51fa\u6070\u9022\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u8bb8\u591a\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u5316\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6027\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u5316\uff0c\u9177\u513f\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u968f\u4e4b\u8bde\u751f\u3002\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u6027\u4ea7\u4e1a\u5b9e\u8df5\u88ab\u7eb3\u5165\u8fdb\u5973\u540c\u6027\u604b\u548c\u7537\u540c\u6027\u604b\u7684\u793e\u4ea4\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u53d8\u88c5\u79c0\u548c\u8131\u8863\u821e\u8868\u6f14\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4eba\u63d0\u51fa\u5bf9\/\u7528\u751f\u6b96\u5668\u505a\u4e0d\u5bfb\u5e38\u7684\u4e8b\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u50cf\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u4e3b\u4e49\u90a3\u6837\u5207\u9664\u751f\u6b96\u5668\uff0c\u662f\u9769\u547d\u6027\u7684(Jeffreys,2005;2008a)\u3002\u751a\u81f3\u8fde\u5272\u9664\u5176\u4ed6\u8eab\u4f53\u90e8\u4f4d\uff0c\u6216\u5728\u76ae\u4e0b\u690d\u5165\u7269\u4f53\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5404\u79cd\u300c\u8eab\u4f53\u6539\u9020\u300d\u4e2d\u6b8b\u9177\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u70d9\u5370\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e0d\u77e5\u4e3a\u4f55\u90fd\u88ab\u8d4b\u4e88\u67d0\u79cd\u9177\u513f\u7684\u8ba4\u53ef(Pitts,2001;Sullivan,2001)\u3002\u5185\u5fc3\u6df1\u53d7\u56f0\u6270\u7684\u5973\u540c\u6027\u604b\u8005\u548c\u7537\u540c\u6027\u604b\u8005\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u81ea\u5df1\u3001\u5546\u4e1a\u5207\u5272\u8005\u548c\u5916\u79d1\u533b\u751f\u5bf9\u5176\u8eab\u4f53\u9020\u6210\u7684\u635f\u5bb3\uff0c\u90fd\u88ab\u63cf\u7ed8\u6210\u300c\u6311\u6218\u6743\u529b\u8fb9\u754c\u300d\u800c\u975e\u7834\u574f\u6027\u884c\u4e3a(Jeffreys, 2008b)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9177\u513f\u7406\u8bba\u5bf9\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u8fd0\u52a8\u53d1\u5c55\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u5728\u4e8e\u5c06\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u7406\u8bba\u5316\u3002\u5973\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u4eec\u8bd5\u56fe\u4ee5\u7b26\u5408\u5176\u9769\u547d\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u4e00\u8bcd\uff0c\u5e76\u65e8\u5728\u6d88\u89e3\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u4f46\u9177\u513f\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fdc\u8fbe\u4e0d\u5230\u6fc0\u8fdb\uff0c\u4e3a\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u4e3b\u4e49\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u9177\u513f\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\u6027\u5b9e\u8df5\u94fa\u5e73\u9053\u8def\u3002\u9177\u513f\u7406\u8bba\u4ece\u540e\u73b0\u4ee3\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u652f\u53d1\u5c55\u800c\u6765\uff0c\u5b83\u4ece\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u5c31\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u4e00\u79cd\u89e3\u6784\u4e3b\u4e49\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5176\u76ee\u7684\u5728\u4e8e\u6d88\u89e3\u300c\u5973\u4eba\u300d\u8fd9\u4e00\u8303\u7574\u672c\u8eab(Brodrib,1992)\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u300c\u5973\u4eba\u300d\uff0c\u5973\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u5c31\u4e0d\u590d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5973\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u662f\u4e3a\u89e3\u653e\u53d7\u538b\u8feb\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u7fa4\u4f53\u53d1\u8d77\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u800c\u5973\u4eba\u7684\u6d88\u5931\u4f1a\u4f7f\u5973\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u53d8\u5f97\u591a\u4f59\u3002\u300c\u5973\u4eba\u300d\u4e0d\u662f\u9177\u513f\u653f\u6cbb\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u8bae\u9898\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u300c\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u300d\u53d6\u4ee3\u5bf9\u5973\u6027\u8eaf\u4f53\u73b0\u5b9e\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u8003\u91cf\u3002\u9177\u513f\u7406\u8bba\u521b\u9020\u4e00\u79cd\u5c06\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u7b80\u5316\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u4e2a\u4eba\u8868\u8fbe\u6216\u8868\u6f14\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u653f\u6cbb\uff0c\u5e76\u6a21\u7cca\u4e86\u7537\u6027\u652f\u914d\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u6027\u6743\u529b\u5173\u7cfb(Butler,1990)\u3002\u9177\u513f\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u8ba9\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u66f4\u7075\u6d3b\u5e76\u521b\u9020\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u300c\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u300d\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u9177\u513f\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u5973\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u653f\u6cbb\u76f4\u63a5\u5bf9\u7acb\uff0c\u5e76\u4fc3\u8fdb\u8de8\u6027\u522b\u4e3b\u4e49\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u548c\u5b9e\u8df5\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6fc0\u8fdb\u5973\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u7406\u8bba\u5bb6\u4e0d\u5bfb\u6c42\u8ba9\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u66f4\u7075\u6d3b\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8bd5\u56fe\u76f4\u63a5\u6d88\u9664\u5b83\u3002\u5979\u4eec\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u5e9f\u9664\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u4e3a\u7537\u6027\u652f\u914d\u63d0\u4f9b\u653f\u6cbb\u6846\u67b6\u548c\u7406\u8bba\u4f9d\u636e\u3002\u5728\u6fc0\u8fdb\u5973\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6846\u67b6\u4e2d\uff0c\u7537\u6027\u7279\u8d28\u662f\u7537\u6027\u652f\u914d\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u800c\u5973\u6027\u7279\u8d28\u5219\u662f\u5973\u4eba\u4ece\u5c5e\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u5973\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u65e8\u5728\u521b\u9020\u7684\u5e73\u7b49\u672a\u6765\u4e2d\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u4e0d\u5e94\u5360\u6709\u4e00\u5e2d\u4e4b\u5730(Delphy,1993)\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u5360\u4e3b\u5bfc\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u9177\u513f\u7406\u8bba\u6846\u67b6\u4e2d\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u300c\u73a9\u8f6c\u300d\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u9177\u513f\u89e3\u8bfb\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f53\u62e5\u6709\u67d0\u4e00\u751f\u7406\u6027\u522b\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u91c7\u7eb3\u4e0e\u5176\u88ab\u671f\u5f85\u5c55\u73b0\u7684\u7279\u8d28\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u5c31\u662f\u300c\u98a0\u8986\u6027\u7684\u300d\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u8df3\u51fa\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u7684\u8def\u5f84\uff1b\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u7406\u8bba\u8bbe\u5b9a\u4e2d\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e92\u6362\u4f46\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u5e9f\u9664\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u9177\u513f\u7406\u8bba\u8fce\u5408\u4e86\u4e0a\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e5d\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4fdd\u5b88\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u90a3\u65f6\u793e\u4f1a\u53d8\u9769\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\u88ab\u5f7b\u5e95\u9057\u5fd8\uff0c\u5404\u79cd\u987a\u5e94\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u5b09\u95f9\u884c\u4e3a\u88ab\u91cd\u65b0\u5305\u88c5\u4e3a\u6709\u8da3\u548c\u53cd\u53db\u3002\u9177\u513f\u7406\u8bba\u5173\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u522b\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u4e0e\u5176\u8bf4\u662f\u8fdb\u6b65\uff0c\u4e0d\u5982\u8bf4\u662f\u5356\u5f04\u98ce\u60c5\uff0c\u4e00\u8fb9\u548c\u7537\u6027\u652f\u914d\u8c03\u60c5\uff0c\u4e00\u8fb9\u590d\u5236\u5176\u626d\u66f2\u5f62\u6001\u3002\u5b83\u5c06\u5973\u540c\u6027\u604b\u8005\u548c\u7537\u540c\u6027\u604b\u8005\u7cbe\u51c6\u56f0\u9501\u5728\u8fc7\u65f6\u7684\u751f\u7406\u6027\u522b\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6b63\u662f\u66f4\u8fdb\u6b65\u7684\u540c\u6027\u604b\u89e3\u653e\u8fd0\u52a8\u548c\u5973\u540c\u6027\u604b\u5973\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u8bd5\u6467\u6bc1\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-footnotes\"><li id=\"6f7aee4e-20db-4b4a-a5c0-5a55855e3d20\">\u9ed1\u8138\u8d70\u5531\u79c0(Minstrel 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